Nearctic-introduced

Guides

• Coccinella septempunctata

  seven-spot ladybird, seven-spotted ladybug, seven-spotted lady beetle, C-7

  Coccinella septempunctata is a predatory lady beetle native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, now widely established in North America following intentional introduction for biological control. Adults measure 6.5–7.8 mm with distinctive red elytra bearing seven black spots. The species is among the most extensively studied coccinellids due to its importance in aphid biocontrol and its invasive success in new ranges. It completes up to five generations annually with a six-week development cycle from egg to adult.

  biological-controlinvasive-speciesaphid-predatorcoccinelliddiapausereflex-bleedingparasitoid-hostvineyard-pestcultural-iconlimb-regenerationpleiotropypheromone-communicationintraguild-predationcannibalismpopulation-explosionoverwintering-aggregationfolklorenational-symbolstate-insectwine-taintHarmonia-axyridis-competitionnative-species-declineLinnaeus-1758Palearctic-nativeNearctic-introducedmultiple-generationstemperature-dependent-developmentoviposition-avoidancesex-pheromonealkaloid-defenseDinocampus-coccinellaePerilitus-coccinellaeAllothrombium-triticiumLipaphis-erysimiAphis-neriiMacrosiphum-albifrons-toxic-aphidsCompositae-pollenUmbelliferae-pollenPrunus-spinosa-nectaragricultural-biocontrolmass-rearing1976-England-heatwave-swarm2025-England-swarmIUCN-unevaluatedCITES-unlistedsubspecies-brucki-Japansubspecies-algerica-Algeriasubspecies-septempunctata-EuropeZombie-ladybug-phenomenonDcPV-virusparasitoid-manipulationhost-recoveryelevated-overwintering-siteshilltop-preference1,500-m-elevation-limit6.5–7.8-mm-length~4-mm-widthorange-yellow-eggsspindle-shaped-eggs1-mm-egg-lengthfour-larval-instarseight-day-pupal-durationsix-week-total-development1–2-year-adult-lifespan250–500-lifetime-eggspolygynandrous-matingfemale-calling-behaviormale-initiated-courtshipno-parental-careegg-cannibalismlarval-cannibalismcongeneric-egg-predationant-aphid-mutualism-exploitationbird-predationmammal-predationspider-predationcoccinellid-predationlacewing-egg-predationfourth-instar-vulnerabilityelytral-spot-size-toxicity-indicatormelanin-and-carotenoid-pigmentationsoft-elytra-emergencepigmentation-development-post-emergencefat-reserve-accumulation-pre-diapausespring-nectar-feeding-post-diapauseaphid-honeydew-consumptionant-attendance-exploitationlupin-aphid-avoidancetoxic-alkaloid-sequestrationN-oxide-coccinellineprecoccinelline2-isopropyl-3-methoxy-pyrazineoverwintering-pheromoneprey-location-chemical-cuesaphid-alarm-pheromone-responseplant-volatile-response-to-aphid-infestationolfactory-oviposition-site-selectionconspecific-egg-avoidanceegg-cluster-laying10–30-egg-clustersenvironmental-egg-load-excessoffspring-mortality-tradeoffaphid-population-trackingseasonal-diet-shiftpollen-feeding-survivalnon-aphid-food-reproductive-failuredevelopment-rate-adult-weight-correlationdaily-prey-consumption-growth-rate-correlationlongevity-fecundity-correlationinvasive-population-morphometric-divergenceecological-success-regeneration-correlationpleiotropic-gene-hypothesisdirect-selection-hypothesislimb-damage-raritypredation-escape-survivalpupal-developmental-gene-expressioncascading-gene-effectsinvasive-North-American-LRI-20%-higherCzech-Egypt-population-LRI-divergenceScymninae-untestedChilocorinae-untestedPsylloborini-untested1916-California-introduction-attempt1956–1971-intentional-introductions1973-New-Jersey-establishmentwaste-dump-accidental-introductionglobal-breeding-programsartificial-diet-researchrape-pollen-beetle-honey-shrimp-dietnatural-diet-preferenceegg-larva-separation-rearingcontrolled-environment-rearing80–90%-urban-England-Harmonia-dominanceHesperomyces-virescens-fungussexual-transmissionoverwintering-aggregation-transmissionfield-cross-species-transmission-absencelineage-differentiation-hypothesis48,000-UK-Ladybird-Survey-recordsD.-coccinellae-low-Harmonia-prevalenceevolutionary-dynamics-observation-opportunityBraconidae-parasitoidovipositor-egg-depositionDcPV-virus-depositionlarval-internal-parasitismhost-nervous-system-migrationpupal-stage-host-paralysiscocoon-spinning-beneath-hosttwitching-defense-mimicrytoxic-alkaloid-predator-deterrencevolatile-chemical-parasitoid-attractionone-third-host-recoveryfemale-preferential-targetinghost-sterilizationagricultural-system-impact-concerncommunity-garden-observationsColorado-Springs-populationsFlagstaff-meadow-observationsvial-emergence-difficultynuisance-autumn-home-invasionweatherstripping-preventionscreen-repaircrack-sealingvacuum-releasewoodpile-relocationpale-color-attractionwhite-gray-yellow-building-preferencehigh-ground-overwintering-preferencestorage-area-height-preferenceLost-Ladybug-Project-participationnative-species-decline-documentation9-spotted-raritypolished-lady-beetle-observationDoberman-bite-comparisontickle-bite-characterizationno-skin-breakcuriosity-not-aggressionreflex-bleeding-stain-riskno-indoor-breedingfat-reserve-winter-survivalno-fabric-feedingodor-emission-defensefabric-staining-potentialautumn-swarming-behaviorsunny-warm-day-activitychild-fright-responsecool-wet-summer-population-reductionCOVID-garden-filmingpea-aphid-predation-videoalfalfa-legume-crop-pest50%-speed-predation-footagemass-rearing-facilityKanpur-India-studiesquantitative-consumption-measurementfirst-instar-reduced-voracityinstar-progression-feeding-increaseL.-erysimi-B.-brassicae-preypredatory-efficiency-quantificationbiocontrol-laboratory-methodologyinvasion-ecology-evolution-congressmorphometric-comparative-studynative-introduced-range-divergenceGBIF-exact-matchNCBI-taxonomy-verificationi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• Coleophora badiipennella

  Pale Elm Case-bearer

  Coleophora badiipennella is a small case-bearing moth in the family Coleophoridae, first described by Duponchel in 1843. It is widely distributed across Europe and has been introduced to North America. The species is associated with several deciduous tree genera, particularly elms. Adults are active in early summer.

  mothcase-bearerleaf-minerelm-associatedPalearcticNearctic-introducedunivoltinesilken-case

• Cryptopleurum subtile

  Cryptopleurum subtile is a small water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae, described by David Sharp in 1884. The species has a broad native distribution across East Asia and has been introduced to Europe and North America. It belongs to the subfamily Sphaeridiinae, a group characterized by compact body forms and association with moist or aquatic habitats.

  beetlewater-scavenger-beetlehydrophilidaeintroduced-specieseast-asia-nativepalearcticnearctic-introduced

• Lauritrioza alacris

  Bay Sucker

  Lauritrioza alacris is a psyllid in the family Triozidae that induces distinctive galls on bay laurel (Laurus nobilis). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to multiple regions including Brazil, Jordan, and western North America. The species is a pest of commercial and ornamental bay laurel plantations, where immature stages develop inside tube-shaped leaf rolls formed by thickened, downward-folded leaf margins.

  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• Lygocoris rugicollis

  Apple Capsid

  Lygocoris rugicollis is a widespread plant-feeding bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the Apple Capsid. Adults are small, yellow, and distinguished by a strongly wrinkled prothorax. The species has a broad geographic range spanning Europe, North Africa, Central Asia, and North America. It is primarily associated with willows and alders but has been reported as an occasional pest on cultivated fruit crops.

  mirid-bugplant-bugapple-pestwillow-associatealdersPalearcticNearctic-introduced

• Megasternum concinnum

  Megasternum concinnum is a small water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae. It has a broad native distribution across Europe, North Africa, and western Asia, and has been introduced to western North America. The species belongs to the subfamily Sphaeridiinae, whose members are generally associated with moist organic substrates rather than truly aquatic habitats.

  invasivefossil-recordpalearctic-nativenearctic-introduced

• Micropeza corrigiolata

  stilt-legged fly

  Micropeza corrigiolata is a small stilt-legged fly in the family Micropezidae, characterized by its elongated legs and slender black body with yellow abdominal markings. The species is widespread across Europe, the Near East, and has been introduced to the Nearctic realm. Adults are active during summer months and are predatory on small insects, while larvae develop as root feeders on leguminous plants.

  stilt-legged-flypredatory-adultroot-feeding-larvalegume-associatedEuropean-nativeNearctic-introduced

• Onthophagus nuchicornis

  Small black-and-brown Dung Beetle

  Onthophagus nuchicornis is a Palearctic dung beetle introduced to North America in the 1840s, now established across Canada and the northern United States. The species exhibits generalist coprophagy, successfully reproducing using dung from both domestic livestock and indigenous mammals including bobcat, moose, red fox, and raccoon. It possesses an obligatory cold reproductive diapause restricting it to a single generation per year. In the United Kingdom, it is listed as Vulnerable, while in North America it is abundant and has been employed as a model organism for ecotoxicological studies of ivermectin effects on dung burial behavior.

  dung-beetleintroduced-speciescoprophagediapauseecotoxicology-modelpasture-ecosystemsexual-dimorphismivermectin-effectsgeneralist-feederPalaearctic-nativeNearctic-introducedsingle-generation-per-yearbrood-balltunneling-behaviorcompetition-with-native-speciesCLIMEX-bioclimatic-modelnutrient-cyclingsoil-aerationcattle-pasture-managementVulnerable-(UK)

• Otophorus haemorrhoidalis

  Otophorus haemorrhoidalis is a species of dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Aphodiinae. It has a broad distribution spanning the Palearctic region (Europe, Asia, and North Africa) and has been introduced to the Nearctic region (North America), where it is established in Canada and the United States. The species is associated with dung habitats and plays a role in nutrient cycling. Despite its wide distribution, detailed biological studies on this species remain limited.

  dung-beetleScarabaeidaeAphodiinaeintroduced-speciesPalearctic-nativeNearctic-introducedcoprophagous

• Priobium carpini

  death-watch beetle

  Priobium carpini is a species of death-watch beetle in the family Ptinidae, first described by Herbst in 1793. It is native to Europe and northern Asia (excluding China) and has been introduced to North America. The species is associated with wood-boring habits typical of the family. It is one of approximately 72 documented observations on iNaturalist.

  wood-boring-beetleintroduced-speciesPalearctic-nativeNearctic-introduced

• Psammodius basalis

  Psammodius basalis is a small aphodiine dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. The species is native to the Palaearctic region and has been introduced to North America, where it is established in Maryland. As a member of the subfamily Aphodiinae, it belongs to a group commonly known as small dung beetles or aphodiines that are associated with decomposing organic matter. The genus Psammodius is distinguished by adaptations to sandy habitats.

  dung-beetleaphodiinescarabaeidaeintroduced-speciesPalaearctic-nativeNearctic-introduced