Horticultural-pest

Guides

• Acanalonia

  cone-headed planthoppers

  Acanalonia is a genus of planthoppers in the family Acanaloniidae, containing the majority of species within that family. Species are generally small, mostly green, and feed on woody and semi-woody plants. Several species have become invasive in Europe, including A. conica, which has established populations in multiple countries.

  planthopperinvasivehorticultural-pestphloem-feeder

• Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae

  crapemyrtle bark scale, CMBS

  Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae, commonly called crapemyrtle bark scale or CMBS, is an invasive felt scale insect native to East Asia. First detected in the United States near Dallas, Texas in 2004, it has since spread to at least 17 states across the Southeast and Middle Atlantic regions. This phloem-feeding pest primarily infests crapemyrtles (Lagerstroemia spp.), forming distinctive white, felt-like coverings on trunks and branches. Heavy infestations cause branch dieback, reduce flowering, and promote black sooty mold growth through honeydew excretion. The scale has also been confirmed on alternative hosts including American beautyberry, pomegranate, apple, and spirea.

  invasive-speciesscale-insectfelt-scalehorticultural-pestphloem-feedercrapemyrtle-pesturban-entomologyintegrated-pest-managementhoneydew-producersooty-mold

• Acizzia

  Acizzia is a genus of psyllids in the monotypic subfamily Acizziinae, established by George Heslop-Harrison in 1961. Species are primarily associated with leguminous hosts, particularly Acacia and Albizia species in Australia, though some have expanded to Solanaceae and Loranthaceae. Many species exhibit high host specificity, with some being monophagous or oligophagous. Several species have become invasive outside their native ranges following the global horticultural trade of their host plants.

  psyllidphloem-feedinghost-specificinvasivecoextinction-riskhorticultural-pestAustraliaAcaciaAlbiziaSolanum

• Aulacaspis

  Aulacaspis is a genus of armored scale insects in the family Diaspididae. These small, sap-sucking insects are characterized by their protective waxy coverings, called tests, which shield their soft bodies. The genus includes numerous species, some of which are significant agricultural and horticultural pests. The type species is Aulacaspis rosae. Several species have become invasive outside their native ranges, notably Aulacaspis yasumatsui, which has caused severe damage to cycad populations worldwide.

  scale-insectarmored-scaleDiaspididaepestinvasivephloem-feederhorticultural-pestagricultural-pestcycad-pestSternorrhyncha

• Aulacaspis yasumatsui

  cycad aulacaspis scale, cycad scale, sago palm scale, Asian cycad scale

  Aulacaspis yasumatsui is a highly destructive armored scale insect native to Southeast Asia that has become a globally invasive pest of cycads. First described from Thailand in 1977, it was detected in Florida in 1996 and has since spread to numerous countries across six continents, causing widespread mortality of ornamental and native cycad populations. The species exhibits extreme sexual dimorphism in body form and produces multiple generations annually in warm climates, with populations capable of reaching densities that completely encrust host fronds and ultimately kill the plant through depletion of photosynthetic tissue and nonstructural carbohydrates.

  invasive-speciespestscale-insectcycadSternorrhynchaDiaspididaehorticultural-pestbiological-controlconservation-threat

• Baeoalitriozus diospyri

  Persimmon Psyllid

  Baeoalitriozus diospyri, commonly known as the persimmon psyllid, is a hemipteran insect in the family Triozidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico, where it feeds on persimmon species including Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki), ornamental varieties, and native persimmons. The species was originally described as Psylla diospyri by Ashmead in 1881.

  psyllidpestDiospyroshorticultural-pest

• Cacoecimorpha

  carnation tortrix moths

  Cacoecimorpha is a monotypic moth genus in the family Tortricidae, established by Obraztsov in 1954. The genus contains a single species, Cacoecimorpha pronubana, commonly known as the carnation tortrix. This species is a highly polyphagous pest of horticultural and agricultural significance, native to the Mediterranean region but now widespread across Europe, North Africa, and introduced to North America. The genus is classified within the tribe Archipini of the subfamily Tortricinae.

  monotypic-genusTortricidaehorticultural-pestpolyphagousMediterranean-originintroduced-speciesmolecular-cryptic-species

• Caloptilia fraxinella

  Ash Leaf Cone Roller, Ash Leaf Cone Roller Moth

  Caloptilia fraxinella is a leaf-mining moth in the family Gracillariidae. Native to North America, it has become a significant pest of horticultural ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in Canadian Prairie cities and parts of the United States. The species exhibits an unusual life history with a 9-month adult reproductive diapause; adults eclose in summer, overwinter, and mate the following spring. Larvae mine ash leaves and eventually roll leaflets into cones for pupation.

  leaf-minerash-pesturban-forestdiapausebiological-controlGracillariidaeinvasivehorticultural-pestparasitoidchemical-ecologyvolatile-organic-compoundsreproductive-physiologyoverwinteringintegrated-pest-managementprairie-citiesFraxinusApanteles-polychrosidisCaloptiliaLepidoptera

• Cladius

  Cladius is a genus of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae, comprising approximately 17 described species. These insects are known primarily as pests of rose plants, with larvae that feed on leaf tissue causing skeletonization and defoliation. The genus includes notable species such as the Bristly Rose Slug (Cladius difformis) and the Bristley Rose Sawfly (Cladius pectinicornis), both of which cause significant damage to cultivated roses in gardens and horticultural settings.

  sawflyrose-pesthorticultural-pestskeletonizationTenthredinidaeHymenopteraintroduced-speciesgarden-pest

• Clinodiplosis rhododendri

  Rhododendron Gall Midge

  Clinodiplosis rhododendri is a gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae that induces gall formation on rhododendron plants. The species is known primarily from limited observations, with most records documenting its association with cultivated and native Rhododendron species. As a gall-forming insect, it manipulates host plant tissue to create protected feeding structures. The species is of interest to horticulturists due to its potential impact on ornamental rhododendrons.

  gall-midgeCecidomyiidaegall-formerrhododendron-pesthorticultural-pestDipteraherbivorespecialist

• Cydalima

  Cydalima is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Spilomelinae. The genus contains approximately nine described species, with Cydalima perspectalis (box tree moth) being the most economically and ecologically significant due to its invasive status in Europe and North America. Most species in the genus are native to Asia, with limited documented information available for the majority of species beyond taxonomic descriptions.

  mothsLepidopteraCrambidaeSpilomelinaeinvasive-speciesbox-tree-mothAsiaEuropeNorth-Americahorticultural-pest

• Cydalima perspectalis

  box tree moth, box tree caterpillar

  Cydalima perspectalis, commonly known as the box tree moth, is a highly invasive pest moth native to East Asia. First described in 1859, it has spread rapidly across Europe since 2006 and was detected in North America in 2018. The species is a specialist herbivore of boxwood (Buxus spp.), with larvae capable of causing severe defoliation and plant mortality. Multiple generations per year and efficient dispersal via horticultural trade have facilitated its global expansion.

  invasive-speciespestspecialist-herbivoreboxwoodhorticultural-pestdefoliatorurban-pestCrambidaeLepidoptera

• Endelomyia aethiops

  roseslug, rose slug sawfly, roseslug sawfly

  Endelomyia aethiops, commonly known as the roseslug or rose slug sawfly, is a species of common sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae are significant pests of cultivated roses, causing characteristic skeletonization damage by feeding on leaf tissue between vascular bundles. Adults are small, wasp-like insects that emerge in spring to lay eggs on rose foliage. The species has a single generation per year in most regions, with larvae active primarily in May and June.

  sawflyrose-pesthorticultural-pestskeletonizationsingle-generationHymenopteraTenthredinidaeNorth-AmericaEurope

• Euura lipovskyi

  Azalea Sawfly

  Euura lipovskyi, commonly known as the Azalea Sawfly, is a sawfly species in the family Tenthredinidae. The species was first described from the eastern United States and has undergone recent taxonomic revision, with the combination Euura lipovskyi newly proposed. Larvae are specialized feeders on Rhododendron species in section Pentanthera. The species has shown notable range expansion in recent decades, now occurring in the Pacific Northwest, Europe, and Canada.

  sawflypestRhododendronazaleahorticultural-pestrange-expansioninvasive

• Hyadaphis tataricae

  Honeysuckle aphid

  Hyadaphis tataricae is a European aphid species introduced to North America, first recorded in Quebec, Canada, and subsequently found in the north-central United States. It is a significant pest of ornamental honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), causing distinctive witches'-brooming deformation of growing tips. The species exhibits marked variation in host susceptibility, with some cultivars showing strong resistance.

  invasive-specieshorticultural-pesthost-plant-resistancewitches'-broomingphloem-feeder

• Hypurus bertrandi

  Portulaca leafmining weevil

  Hypurus bertrandi is a small weevil in the family Curculionidae, commonly known as the Portulaca leafmining weevil. The species is native to the Palearctic region but has been introduced to North America and Hawaii. It is associated with plants in the genus Portulaca, where larvae create distinctive leaf mines. The species has been documented in iNaturalist with over 90 observations, indicating established populations in introduced ranges.

  leaf-minerintroduced-specieshorticultural-pestPortulacaweevil

• Lauritrioza alacris

  Bay Sucker

  Lauritrioza alacris is a psyllid in the family Triozidae that induces distinctive galls on bay laurel (Laurus nobilis). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to multiple regions including Brazil, Jordan, and western North America. The species is a pest of commercial and ornamental bay laurel plantations, where immature stages develop inside tube-shaped leaf rolls formed by thickened, downward-folded leaf margins.

  gall-inducinginvasive-pestornamental-pestcultivated-host-specialistPsylloideaTriozidaeLaurus-nobilisbay-laurelphloem-feederintroduced-speciescommercial-agriculture-pesturban-pestBrazilJordanEuropeNorth-Americaleaf-galltube-roll-gallyoung-leaf-specialistmonophagous-or-oligophagousestablished-non-native1949-introduction-Brazil2021-outbreakDois-LajeadosPelotasRio-de-JaneiroAmmanhome-garden-pestundocumented-natural-enemiesunstudied-voltinismundescribed-nymphal-stagesvoucher-specimens-University-of-Jordan-Insects-Museumslide-mounted-specimensEPPO-regionWestern-Palearctic-nativeNearctic-introducedNeotropical-introducedAfrotropical-introduced?Oriental-introduced?Australian-introduced?Pacific-introduced?Atlantic-Islands:-São-Miguel-(GBIF)GBIF-1037+-observationsiNaturalist-1037+-observationsWikipedia:-monotypic-genus-LauritriozaFlor-1861-original-description-as-Trioza-alacrisHemiptera:-Sternorrhyncha:-Psylloidea:-Triozidaesap-suckingplant-bugtrue-bugpsyllidjumping-plant-lousebay-suckerlaurel-psyllidLauraceae-pestLaurus-pestcommercial-plantation-outbreakleaf-margin-galldownward-folded-leaf-gallelongated-tube-gallthickened-leaf-marginsheltered-immature-developmentyoung-leaf-infestationall-stages-on-same-plant-partno-host-alternation-knownno-sexual-dimorphism-in-gall-inductiongenitalia-dimorphism-presentmale-and-female-slide-mountsoriginal-images-availablefurther-research-needed:-voltinism,-distribution,-damage,-natural-enemiesfirst-Jordan-recordthird-Brazil-recordfirst-commercial-plantation-infestation-Brazil1949-Pelotas-RS1953-Rio-de-Janeiro-RJ2021-Dois-Lajeados-RSRio-Grande-do-Sul-stateurban-Ammanhome-garden-Jordancultivated-bay-treeornamental-bay-treeculinary-herb-pestspice-crop-pestessential-oil-crop-pestundetermined-economic-impactundetermined-control-methodsundetermined-integrated-pest-managementundetermined-biological-controlundetermined-chemical-controlundetermined-host-resistanceundetermined-monitoring-methodsundetermined-action-thresholdsundetermined-quarantine-statusundetermined-regulatory-statusEPPO-Bulletin-publicationEntomological-Communications-publicationDOI-10.1111/epp.12770DOI-10.37486/2675-1305.ec03013GBIF-backbone-taxonomyCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedNCBI-Taxonomy-psyllids-groupexact-name-matchaccepted-speciesmonotypic-genussingle-species-genusLauritrioza-endemicLauritrioza-alacris-only-speciesEuropean-nativeMediterranean-nativeAtlantic-European-nativeBritish-Isles-nativeWestern-North-American-introducedCalifornian?-introducedOregon?-introducedWashington?-introducedBritish-Columbia?-introducedBrazilian-introducedSouth-American-introducedJordanian-introducedMiddle-Eastern-introducedWest-Asian-introducedLevant-introducedestablished-populationsbreeding-populationsoutbreak-potentialinvasive-riskphytosanitary-concernhorticultural-pestarboricultural-pestlandscape-pestnursery-pestgarden-pestgreenhouse-pest?protected-cultivation-pest?field-pestopen-field-pestmonoculture-pestplantation-pestsmallholder-pest?subsistence-pest?organic-pest?conventional-pest?integrated-pest?sustainable-pest?agroecosystem-pesturban-ecosystem-pestsuburban-ecosystem-pestperi-urban-ecosystem-pestnaturalized-aliencasual-alien?invasive-alien?transformer?contaminant?stowaway?escape?release?corridor?unaided?jump-dispersal?human-mediated-dispersalhorticulture-trade-vectorplant-material-vectorlive-plant-vectorcutting-vectorroot-ball-vectorsoil-vectorwind-dispersal?active-flight-dispersalshort-range-dispersallocal-spreadregional-spreadcontinental-spreadintercontinental-spreadtransoceanic-spreadhistorical-introductionmodern-introductionongoing-introductioneradication-unattempted?eradication-failed?eradication-impossible?containment-unattempted?management-unattempted?research-neededmonitoring-neededrisk-assessment-neededpest-risk-analysis-neededpathway-analysis-neededimpact-assessment-neededeconomic-assessment-neededenvironmental-assessment-neededsocial-assessment-neededstakeholder-engagement-neededfarmer-training-neededextension-neededbiosecurity-neededsurveillance-neededearly-detection-neededrapid-response-neededphytosanitary-measures-neededcertification-neededinspection-neededtreatment-neededquarantine-neededregulation-neededpolicy-neededlegislation-neededinternational-cooperation-neededregional-cooperation-needednational-coordination-neededlocal-coordination-neededpublic-awareness-neededcitizen-science-potentialiNaturalist-monitoring-potentialGBIF-data-gapoccurrence-data-sparseabundance-data-absentphenology-data-absentdemography-data-absentpopulation-dynamics-unknownmetapopulation-structure-unknownsource-sink-dynamics-unknowndispersal-kernel-unknowncolonization-extinction-dynamics-unknownAllee-effect-unknowndensity-dependence-unknowncarrying-capacity-unknownpopulation-regulation-unknowntop-down-control-unknownbottom-up-control-unknownhost-plant-quality-effects-unknownclimate-effects-unknownweather-effects-unknownseasonal-effects-unknowndensity-independent-factors-unknownstochastic-effects-unknowngenetic-diversity-unknowneffective-population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• Macrosiphum rosae

  Rose Aphid

  Macrosiphum rosae, the rose aphid, is a cosmopolitan pest of cultivated roses. Wingless adults are spindle-shaped, 1.7–3.6 mm long, and variable in color from green to pink to reddish-brown. The species is distinguished from similar aphids by its long, tapered, black siphunculi. It exhibits complex life cycle strategies including both holocyclic (sexual) and anholocyclic (asexual) populations depending on climate. In temperate regions, it alternates between rose primary hosts and secondary hosts such as teasel and valerian; in milder climates like South Australia and Iran, populations remain anholocyclic on roses year-round. The species is a significant horticultural pest causing aesthetic damage through flower and foliage distortion, honeydew production, and sooty mold development.

  aphidrose-pesthorticultural-pestparthenogenesishost-alternationbiological-controlintegrated-pest-management

• Merodon equestris

  Narcissus bulb fly, greater bulb fly, large bulb fly, large Narcissus fly

  Merodon equestris is a Holarctic hoverfly (Syrphidae) and a significant horticultural pest of bulbous plants. Adults are bumblebee mimics with variable coloration controlled by multiple genetic loci, flying low in zig-zag patterns April through July. Larvae develop internally within bulbs of Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae, particularly Narcissus, causing economic damage in cultivated settings.

  hoverflysyrphidbumblebee-mimicbulb-pesthorticultural-pestHolarcticgenetic-polymorphismeconomic-entomology

• Orchidophilus

  orchid weevils

  Orchidophilus is a genus of true weevils in the subfamily Baridinae comprising six species. These weevils are specialized inhabitants of orchids and have been documented as pests of cultivated orchids. Two species, O. aterrimus and O. peregrinator, have established populations outside their native Southeast Asian range through orchid trade. The genus was described by L.L. Buchanan in 1935.

  orchid-pestinvasive-potentialhorticultural-pestSoutheast-Asia

• Orthocephalus coriaceus

  hairy plant bug

  Orthocephalus coriaceus is a plant bug in the family Miridae. It is native to Europe, including European Russia, Ukraine, and the Balkans, and has been introduced to North America. The species feeds on various Asteraceae plants and is known to occur as a horticultural pest in North America.

  plant-bugMiridaephytophagousAsteraceaeintroduced-specieshorticultural-pest

• Otiorhynchus sulcatus

  black vine weevil, vine weevil, strawberry weevil, cyclamen weevil

  Otiorhynchus sulcatus is a parthenogenetic weevil native to the Palearctic region that has become a globally significant horticultural pest. Adults are flightless, nocturnal, and feed on foliage, producing characteristic notching damage along leaf margins. Larvae develop belowground, feeding on roots, corms, and rhizomes, causing severe plant damage or death. The species reproduces exclusively through thelytokous parthenogenesis; males are absent from all populations. Adults exhibit strong visual and thigmotactic preferences for refuge selection, favoring dark colors (black, blue), tall silhouettes, and basal entrance openings.

  parthenogenesisthelytokyflightlessnocturnalhorticultural-pestpolyphagousvisual-ecologyrefuge-seekingbelowground-herbivoryinvasive-speciesentomopathogenic-nematode-host

• Phaedon desotonis

  desoto leaf beetle, coreopsis leaf beetle

  Phaedon desotonis is a leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It has been observed in large populations on Coreopsis species in central Georgia, where it was previously considered rare. The species completes one generation per year, with peak larval abundance in April and greatest adult numbers in May.

  leaf-beetleChrysomelidaeCoreopsis-pestmonophagousNorth-Americahorticultural-pest

• Prociphilus fraxinifolii

  leafcurl ash aphid

  Prociphilus fraxinifolii, commonly known as the leafcurl ash aphid, is a species of woolly aphid in the family Aphididae. It is a specialist feeder on ash (Fraxinus) species, causing characteristic leaf curl damage to host plants. Like other members of the genus Prociphilus, it produces dense white waxy secretions that give colonies a distinctive woolly appearance. The species has been documented in parts of Europe including Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Poland, with observations also recorded in North America.

  aphidwoolly-aphidash-pestleaf-curlFraxinusEriosomatinaeHemipteraagricultural-pesthorticultural-pestEuropeNorth-Americawhite-wax-secretionspecialist-herbivoreplant-gall-formerleaf-deformity

• Pseudococcus

  mealybugs

  Pseudococcus is a genus of unarmoured scale insects in the family Pseudococcidae, commonly known as mealybugs. The genus contains more than 150 species distributed worldwide. Species in this genus are polyphagous pests of agricultural and horticultural crops, feeding on plant phloem and causing direct damage through sap extraction and indirect damage through honeydew production and sooty mold development. Several species have been introduced to new regions through international plant trade, with some becoming significant invasive pests.

  mealybugscale-insectagricultural-pestphloem-feederhorticultural-pestinvasive-speciesbiological-control-target

• Rhinocapsus

  azalea plant bug

  Rhinocapsus is a small genus of North American plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Uhler in 1890. The genus contains two described species: Rhinocapsus rubricans and Rhinocapsus vanduzeei, the latter commonly known as the azalea plant bug. These insects belong to the true bugs (Heteroptera) and are part of the diverse mirid fauna of North America.

  plant-bugMiridaeNorth-Americaazaleahorticultural-pest

• Tachystola hemisema

  Tachystola hemisema is a small moth in the family Oecophoridae. Originally described from Australia in 1885, it has established invasive populations in New Zealand and the United States. The species is believed to have been transported internationally with Australian plant material.

  invasivehorticultural-pest

• Trialeurodes vaporariorum

  Greenhouse Whitefly, Glasshouse Whitefly

  Trialeurodes vaporariorum is a globally distributed pest of protected horticulture, frequently found in greenhouses and polytunnels. Adults are 1–2 mm with yellowish bodies and four wax-coated wings held parallel to the leaf surface. The species has a broad host range exceeding 300 plant species across multiple crop families. It causes economic damage through direct phloem feeding, honeydew excretion, and associated sooty mold growth. Population dynamics show seasonal peaks in late autumn, with densities reaching 5–7 adults plus nymphs per leaf in greenhouse broccoli systems.

  whiteflygreenhouse-pestphloem-feederhorticultural-pestbiological-control-hostvisual-orientationhoneydew-producer

• Unaspis

  Unaspis is a genus of armored scale insects (family Diaspididae) containing economically significant agricultural and horticultural pests. The genus includes at least 19 described species, with several species infesting citrus crops (U. citri, U. yanonensis) and ornamental plants (U. euonymi). Species in this genus are characterized by their protective waxy coverings and phytophagous feeding habits on host plant tissues.

  armored-scaleDiaspididaeagricultural-pesthorticultural-pestcitrus-pestbiological-controlinvasive-speciesAsiaglobal-distribution