Gall-inducing

Guides

• Aciurina bigeloviae

  Cotton-gall Tephritid

  Aciurina bigeloviae is a gall-inducing tephritid fly native to western North America that forms distinctive white, woolly 'cotton' galls on Ericameria nauseosa (rabbitbrush), specifically the variety graveolens. The species was originally described as Trypeta bigeloviae by Cockerell in 1890. It exhibits Type I wing pattern morphology and produces spherical cotton galls that serve as microhabitats for complex arthropod communities. The species is sister to A. trixa, with which it occurs sympatrically in New Mexico, though the two species produce markedly different gall types.

  gall-inducingtephritidecosystem-engineerEricameriarabbitbrushwestern-North-AmericaNew-Mexicocotton-gallType-I-wing-patternmultitrophic-community

• Asphondylia monacha

  nun midge

  Asphondylia monacha is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, commonly known as the nun midge. Like other members of its genus, this tiny fly induces distinctive galls on host plants through a poorly understood process involving chemical manipulation of plant tissue. The species was described in 1869 and has been recorded in the northeastern United States.

  gall-midgeCecidomyiidaeAsphondyliaNorth-Americagall-inducingDiptera

• Euura

  Euura is a genus of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae, subfamily Nematinae, with exceptional species diversity concentrated in northern Holarctic regions rather than tropical zones. The genus contains both free-feeding larvae that consume plant foliage externally and gall-inducing species whose larvae develop entirely within plant galls. Gall-forming females inject a stimulant during oviposition that initiates gall growth before eggs hatch, a distinctive mechanism among gall insects. Taxonomic revision in 2014 consolidated several former genera (Eupontania, Phyllocolpa, Pontania, Tubpontania) into Euura based on phylogenetic evidence. The genus exhibits substantial genetic complexity, with frequent mito-nuclear discordance and multiple functional COI variants within individuals complicating species identification.

  sawflygall-inducingwillow-associatedborealHolarcticNematinaephylogenetic-revisioncryptic-speciesmito-nuclear-discordancehost-specificityresource-regulationspring-phenologyFrancesco-RediLeeuwenhoektaxonomic-controversyCOI-barcoding-limitations

• Lauritrioza alacris

  Bay Sucker

  Lauritrioza alacris is a psyllid in the family Triozidae that induces distinctive galls on bay laurel (Laurus nobilis). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to multiple regions including Brazil, Jordan, and western North America. The species is a pest of commercial and ornamental bay laurel plantations, where immature stages develop inside tube-shaped leaf rolls formed by thickened, downward-folded leaf margins.

  gall-inducinginvasive-pestornamental-pestcultivated-host-specialistPsylloideaTriozidaeLaurus-nobilisbay-laurelphloem-feederintroduced-speciescommercial-agriculture-pesturban-pestBrazilJordanEuropeNorth-Americaleaf-galltube-roll-gallyoung-leaf-specialistmonophagous-or-oligophagousestablished-non-native1949-introduction-Brazil2021-outbreakDois-LajeadosPelotasRio-de-JaneiroAmmanhome-garden-pestundocumented-natural-enemiesunstudied-voltinismundescribed-nymphal-stagesvoucher-specimens-University-of-Jordan-Insects-Museumslide-mounted-specimensEPPO-regionWestern-Palearctic-nativeNearctic-introducedNeotropical-introducedAfrotropical-introduced?Oriental-introduced?Australian-introduced?Pacific-introduced?Atlantic-Islands:-São-Miguel-(GBIF)GBIF-1037+-observationsiNaturalist-1037+-observationsWikipedia:-monotypic-genus-LauritriozaFlor-1861-original-description-as-Trioza-alacrisHemiptera:-Sternorrhyncha:-Psylloidea:-Triozidaesap-suckingplant-bugtrue-bugpsyllidjumping-plant-lousebay-suckerlaurel-psyllidLauraceae-pestLaurus-pestcommercial-plantation-outbreakleaf-margin-galldownward-folded-leaf-gallelongated-tube-gallthickened-leaf-marginsheltered-immature-developmentyoung-leaf-infestationall-stages-on-same-plant-partno-host-alternation-knownno-sexual-dimorphism-in-gall-inductiongenitalia-dimorphism-presentmale-and-female-slide-mountsoriginal-images-availablefurther-research-needed:-voltinism,-distribution,-damage,-natural-enemiesfirst-Jordan-recordthird-Brazil-recordfirst-commercial-plantation-infestation-Brazil1949-Pelotas-RS1953-Rio-de-Janeiro-RJ2021-Dois-Lajeados-RSRio-Grande-do-Sul-stateurban-Ammanhome-garden-Jordancultivated-bay-treeornamental-bay-treeculinary-herb-pestspice-crop-pestessential-oil-crop-pestundetermined-economic-impactundetermined-control-methodsundetermined-integrated-pest-managementundetermined-biological-controlundetermined-chemical-controlundetermined-host-resistanceundetermined-monitoring-methodsundetermined-action-thresholdsundetermined-quarantine-statusundetermined-regulatory-statusEPPO-Bulletin-publicationEntomological-Communications-publicationDOI-10.1111/epp.12770DOI-10.37486/2675-1305.ec03013GBIF-backbone-taxonomyCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedNCBI-Taxonomy-psyllids-groupexact-name-matchaccepted-speciesmonotypic-genussingle-species-genusLauritrioza-endemicLauritrioza-alacris-only-speciesEuropean-nativeMediterranean-nativeAtlantic-European-nativeBritish-Isles-nativeWestern-North-American-introducedCalifornian?-introducedOregon?-introducedWashington?-introducedBritish-Columbia?-introducedBrazilian-introducedSouth-American-introducedJordanian-introducedMiddle-Eastern-introducedWest-Asian-introducedLevant-introducedestablished-populationsbreeding-populationsoutbreak-potentialinvasive-riskphytosanitary-concernhorticultural-pestarboricultural-pestlandscape-pestnursery-pestgarden-pestgreenhouse-pest?protected-cultivation-pest?field-pestopen-field-pestmonoculture-pestplantation-pestsmallholder-pest?subsistence-pest?organic-pest?conventional-pest?integrated-pest?sustainable-pest?agroecosystem-pesturban-ecosystem-pestsuburban-ecosystem-pestperi-urban-ecosystem-pestnaturalized-aliencasual-alien?invasive-alien?transformer?contaminant?stowaway?escape?release?corridor?unaided?jump-dispersal?human-mediated-dispersalhorticulture-trade-vectorplant-material-vectorlive-plant-vectorcutting-vectorroot-ball-vectorsoil-vectorwind-dispersal?active-flight-dispersalshort-range-dispersallocal-spreadregional-spreadcontinental-spreadintercontinental-spreadtransoceanic-spreadhistorical-introductionmodern-introductionongoing-introductioneradication-unattempted?eradication-failed?eradication-impossible?containment-unattempted?management-unattempted?research-neededmonitoring-neededrisk-assessment-neededpest-risk-analysis-neededpathway-analysis-neededimpact-assessment-neededeconomic-assessment-neededenvironmental-assessment-neededsocial-assessment-neededstakeholder-engagement-neededfarmer-training-neededextension-neededbiosecurity-neededsurveillance-neededearly-detection-neededrapid-response-neededphytosanitary-measures-neededcertification-neededinspection-neededtreatment-neededquarantine-neededregulation-neededpolicy-neededlegislation-neededinternational-cooperation-neededregional-cooperation-needednational-coordination-neededlocal-coordination-neededpublic-awareness-neededcitizen-science-potentialiNaturalist-monitoring-potentialGBIF-data-gapoccurrence-data-sparseabundance-data-absentphenology-data-absentdemography-data-absentpopulation-dynamics-unknownmetapopulation-structure-unknownsource-sink-dynamics-unknowndispersal-kernel-unknowncolonization-extinction-dynamics-unknownAllee-effect-unknowndensity-dependence-unknowncarrying-capacity-unknownpopulation-regulation-unknowntop-down-control-unknownbottom-up-control-unknownhost-plant-quality-effects-unknownclimate-effects-unknownweather-effects-unknownseasonal-effects-unknowndensity-independent-factors-unknownstochastic-effects-unknowngenetic-diversity-unknowneffective-population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• Mordellidae

  tumbling flower beetles, pintail beetles

  Mordellidae is a family of beetles in the superfamily Tenebrionoidea, comprising approximately 1500 species worldwide. Adults are commonly found on flowers and are known for their distinctive escape behavior involving rapid, irregular tumbling movements. The family contains two extant subfamilies (Mordellinae and Ctenidiinae) and one fossil subfamily (Praemordellinae). Larval development occurs in diverse substrates including plant stems, wood, and fungi, with some species exhibiting predaceous or inquiline habits.

  ColeopteraTenebrionoideatumbling-locomotionpollinivoroussaproxylicgall-inducingscrew-jointmetacoxa-trochanterflower-visitingdead-wood-dependent

• Procecidochares atra

  Goldenrod Brussels Sprout Gall Fly

  Procecidochares atra is a gall-inducing fruit fly in the family Tephritidae that forms distinctive galls on goldenrod plants (Solidago species). The species is native to North America and has been documented in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Its galls are most commonly found on Solidago altissima, S. gigantea, and S. rugosa.

  gall-inducingtephritidgoldenrodNorth-America

• Psylla carpinicola

  Psylla carpinicola is a plant-parasitic hemipteran in the family Psyllidae, first described by Crawford in 1914. The species is associated with hornbeam (Carpinus) host plants, as indicated by its specific epithet 'carpinicola' meaning 'dwelling on hornbeam'. It is one of numerous psyllid species that feed on phloem sap and may induce gall formation on host plants. Like other psyllids, it has piercing-sucking mouthparts and undergoes incomplete metamorphosis with distinct egg, nymph, and adult stages.

  gall-inducingphloem-feederhornbeam-associateNorth-American