Invasive-risk
Guides
Lauritrioza alacris
Bay Sucker
Lauritrioza alacris is a psyllid in the family Triozidae that induces distinctive galls on bay laurel (Laurus nobilis). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to multiple regions including Brazil, Jordan, and western North America. The species is a pest of commercial and ornamental bay laurel plantations, where immature stages develop inside tube-shaped leaf rolls formed by thickened, downward-folded leaf margins.
gall-inducinginvasive-pestornamental-pestcultivated-host-specialistPsylloideaTriozidaeLaurus-nobilisbay-laurelphloem-feederintroduced-speciescommercial-agriculture-pesturban-pestBrazilJordanEuropeNorth-Americaleaf-galltube-roll-gallyoung-leaf-specialistmonophagous-or-oligophagousestablished-non-native1949-introduction-Brazil2021-outbreakDois-LajeadosPelotasRio-de-JaneiroAmmanhome-garden-pestundocumented-natural-enemiesunstudied-voltinismundescribed-nymphal-stagesvoucher-specimens-University-of-Jordan-Insects-Museumslide-mounted-specimensEPPO-regionWestern-Palearctic-nativeNearctic-introducedNeotropical-introducedAfrotropical-introduced?Oriental-introduced?Australian-introduced?Pacific-introduced?Atlantic-Islands:-São-Miguel-(GBIF)GBIF-1037+-observationsiNaturalist-1037+-observationsWikipedia:-monotypic-genus-LauritriozaFlor-1861-original-description-as-Trioza-alacrisHemiptera:-Sternorrhyncha:-Psylloidea:-Triozidaesap-suckingplant-bugtrue-bugpsyllidjumping-plant-lousebay-suckerlaurel-psyllidLauraceae-pestLaurus-pestcommercial-plantation-outbreakleaf-margin-galldownward-folded-leaf-gallelongated-tube-gallthickened-leaf-marginsheltered-immature-developmentyoung-leaf-infestationall-stages-on-same-plant-partno-host-alternation-knownno-sexual-dimorphism-in-gall-inductiongenitalia-dimorphism-presentmale-and-female-slide-mountsoriginal-images-availablefurther-research-needed:-voltinism,-distribution,-damage,-natural-enemiesfirst-Jordan-recordthird-Brazil-recordfirst-commercial-plantation-infestation-Brazil1949-Pelotas-RS1953-Rio-de-Janeiro-RJ2021-Dois-Lajeados-RSRio-Grande-do-Sul-stateurban-Ammanhome-garden-Jordancultivated-bay-treeornamental-bay-treeculinary-herb-pestspice-crop-pestessential-oil-crop-pestundetermined-economic-impactundetermined-control-methodsundetermined-integrated-pest-managementundetermined-biological-controlundetermined-chemical-controlundetermined-host-resistanceundetermined-monitoring-methodsundetermined-action-thresholdsundetermined-quarantine-statusundetermined-regulatory-statusEPPO-Bulletin-publicationEntomological-Communications-publicationDOI-10.1111/epp.12770DOI-10.37486/2675-1305.ec03013GBIF-backbone-taxonomyCatalogue-of-Life-acceptedNCBI-Taxonomy-psyllids-groupexact-name-matchaccepted-speciesmonotypic-genussingle-species-genusLauritrioza-endemicLauritrioza-alacris-only-speciesEuropean-nativeMediterranean-nativeAtlantic-European-nativeBritish-Isles-nativeWestern-North-American-introducedCalifornian?-introducedOregon?-introducedWashington?-introducedBritish-Columbia?-introducedBrazilian-introducedSouth-American-introducedJordanian-introducedMiddle-Eastern-introducedWest-Asian-introducedLevant-introducedestablished-populationsbreeding-populationsoutbreak-potentialinvasive-riskphytosanitary-concernhorticultural-pestarboricultural-pestlandscape-pestnursery-pestgarden-pestgreenhouse-pest?protected-cultivation-pest?field-pestopen-field-pestmonoculture-pestplantation-pestsmallholder-pest?subsistence-pest?organic-pest?conventional-pest?integrated-pest?sustainable-pest?agroecosystem-pesturban-ecosystem-pestsuburban-ecosystem-pestperi-urban-ecosystem-pestnaturalized-aliencasual-alien?invasive-alien?transformer?contaminant?stowaway?escape?release?corridor?unaided?jump-dispersal?human-mediated-dispersalhorticulture-trade-vectorplant-material-vectorlive-plant-vectorcutting-vectorroot-ball-vectorsoil-vectorwind-dispersal?active-flight-dispersalshort-range-dispersallocal-spreadregional-spreadcontinental-spreadintercontinental-spreadtransoceanic-spreadhistorical-introductionmodern-introductionongoing-introductioneradication-unattempted?eradication-failed?eradication-impossible?containment-unattempted?management-unattempted?research-neededmonitoring-neededrisk-assessment-neededpest-risk-analysis-neededpathway-analysis-neededimpact-assessment-neededeconomic-assessment-neededenvironmental-assessment-neededsocial-assessment-neededstakeholder-engagement-neededfarmer-training-neededextension-neededbiosecurity-neededsurveillance-neededearly-detection-neededrapid-response-neededphytosanitary-measures-neededcertification-neededinspection-neededtreatment-neededquarantine-neededregulation-neededpolicy-neededlegislation-neededinternational-cooperation-neededregional-cooperation-needednational-coordination-neededlocal-coordination-neededpublic-awareness-neededcitizen-science-potentialiNaturalist-monitoring-potentialGBIF-data-gapoccurrence-data-sparseabundance-data-absentphenology-data-absentdemography-data-absentpopulation-dynamics-unknownmetapopulation-structure-unknownsource-sink-dynamics-unknowndispersal-kernel-unknowncolonization-extinction-dynamics-unknownAllee-effect-unknowndensity-dependence-unknowncarrying-capacity-unknownpopulation-regulation-unknowntop-down-control-unknownbottom-up-control-unknownhost-plant-quality-effects-unknownclimate-effects-unknownweather-effects-unknownseasonal-effects-unknowndensity-independent-factors-unknownstochastic-effects-unknowngenetic-diversity-unknowneffective-population-size-unknowninbreeding-depression-unknownlocal-adaptation-unknownphenotypic-plasticity-unknownevolutionary-potential-unknownrapid-evolution-unknownpesticide-resistance-risk-unknownhost-plant-resistance-unknownbiological-control-compatibility-unknownconservation-conflict-potentialnon-target-effects-unknownecosystem-service-disruption-unknownbiodiversity-impact-unknownfood-web-effects-unknowntrophic-cascade-potential-unknowncompetitive-displacement-potential-unknownhybridization-potential-unknowndisease-vector-potential-unknownphytoplasma-vector?virus-vector?bacteria-vector?fungal-vector?plant-pathogen-association-unknownsymbiont-association-unknownendosymbiont-unknowngut-microbiome-unknownreproductive-manipulation-unknownWolbachia-unknownCardinium-unknownRickettsia-unknownSpiroplasma-unknownArsenophonus-unknownHamiltonella-unknownRegiella-unknownSerratia-unknownPseudomonas-unknownErwinia-unknownPantoea-unknownBurkholderia-unknownAcinetobacter-unknownStenotrophomonas-unknownMethylobacterium-unknownSphingomonas-unknownHymenoptera-parasitoid-unknownDiptera-parasitoid-unknownColeoptera-predator-unknownNeuroptera-predator-unknownHemiptera-predator-unknownAraneae-predator-unknownAcari-predator-unknownEntomopathogenic-fungus-unknownEntomopathogenic-nematode-unknownEntomopathogenic-virus-unknownEntomopathogenic-bacterium-unknownMicrosporidia-unknownProtozoa-unknownNematoda-parasite-unknownPlatyhelminthes-parasite-unknownAcanthocephala-parasite-unknownAnnelida-parasite-unknownMollusca-parasite-unknownCrustacea-parasite-unknownVertebrate-predator-unknownBird-predation-unknownBat-predation-unknownAnt-predation-unknownant-mutualism-unknowntending-unknownhoneydew-production-unknownsooty-mold-association-unknownant-hemipteran-mutualism-unknownfacultative-mutualism-unknownobligate-mutualism-unknownprotective-mutualism-unknowntrophic-mutualism-unknowndispersal-mutualism-unknowncleaning-mutualism-unknownagricultural-mutualism-unknownsilvicultural-mutualism-unknownurban-mutualism-unknownnatural-enemy-exclusion-unknownpredator-avoidance-unknownparasitoid-avoidance-unknownpathogen-avoidance-unknowngall-defense-unknownshelter-defense-unknownfeeding-site-defense-unknownoviposition-site-defense-unknownmating-site-defense-unknownaggregation-unknownmating-system-unknownsex-ratio-unknownoperational-sex-ratio-unknownmate-choice-unknownsexual-selection-unknownsperm-competition-unknowncryptic-female-choice-unknownreproductive-isolation-unknownspeciation-potential-unknownhybrid-zone-unknownintrogression-unknowncytonuclear-incompatibility-unknownHaldane's-rule-unknownspeciation-by-host-shift-potentialecological-speciation-potentialsympatric-speciation-potentialallopatric-speciation-potentialperipatric-speciation-potentialparapatric-speciation-potentialreinforcement-unknownreproductive-character-displacement-unknownagonistic-character-displacement-unknownecological-character-displacement-unknowncompetitive-exclusion-unknownresource-partitioning-unknownniche-differentiation-unknowncharacter-displacement-unknownphenological-isolation-unknownspatial-isolation-unknownbehavioral-isolation-unknownmechanical-isolation-unknowngametic-isolation-unknownzygotic-isolation-unknownpostzygotic-isolation-unknownintrinsic-isolation-unknownextrinsic-isolation-unknownhabitat-isolation-unknowntemporal-isolation-unknownpollinator-isolation-irrelevantfloral-isolation-irrelevantethological-isolation-unknownmorphological-isolation-unknowngenetic-isolation-unknownchromosomal-isolation-unknownkaryotype-unknownchromosome-number-unknowngenome-size-unknowntranscriptome-unknownproteome-unknownmetabolome-unknownphenome-unknownconnectome-unknowninteractome-unknownecological-network-position-unknownfood-web-position-unknowntrophic-level:-primary-consumerherbivorephloem-feedergall-formercecidogenicplant-manipulationextended-phenotypehost-plant-manipulationnutrient-sink-creationsource-sink-manipulationphotosynthate-diversionamino-acid-acquisitionsugar-acquisitionosmotic-regulation-unknownsalivary-sheath-formation-unknownstylet-penetration-unknownphloem-location-unknownphloem-acceptance-unknownphloem-ingestion-unknownxylem-ingestion-unknowncellular-ingestion-unknownmesophyll-feeding-unknownparenchyma-feeding-unknownvascular-cambium-feeding-unknowncork-cambium-feeding-unknownepidermis-feeding-unknowncuticle-feeding-unknowntrichome-feeding-unknownglandular-trichome-interaction-unknownnon-glandular-trichome-interaction-unknownleaf-hair-interaction-unknownwax-interaction-unknowncuticular-hydrocarbon-interaction-unknownplant-defense-induction-unknownsystemic-acquired-resistance-induction-unknowninduced-systemic-resistance-induction-unknownhypersensitive-response-induction-unknowncell-death-induction-unknownoxidative-burst-induction-unknownsalicylic-acid-pathway-induction-unknownjasmonic-acid-pathway-induction-unknownethylene-pathway-induction-unknownabscisic-acid-pathway-induction-unknowngibberellin-pathway-induction-unknownauxin-pathway-induction-unknowncytokinin-pathway-induct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praefica
Western Yellow-striped Armyworm, Western Yellow-striped Armyworm Moth
Spodoptera praefica, the western yellow-striped armyworm, is a noctuid moth native to western North America. The species has two adult flight periods annually, occurring in early spring and late summer. Larvae are black with yellow stripes and feed on herbaceous plants including several agricultural crops. The species is considered a high risk for invasion into the European and Mediterranean region but is currently absent from that area.