Urban-pest

Guides

• Aedes aegypti

  yellow fever mosquito, dengue mosquito, Egyptian mosquito

  Aedes aegypti is a small, dark mosquito and the primary global vector of dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika virus, and chikungunya. Native to Africa, it has become established in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions worldwide through human commerce and travel. The species is highly adapted to urban environments, breeding in artificial water containers and feeding preferentially on humans. Females require blood meals for egg development and are responsible for disease transmission. The species exhibits significant insecticide resistance, particularly to pyrethroids, complicating control efforts.

  vectorinvasive-speciesarbovirusurban-pestinsecticide-resistanceday-bitinganthropophilic

• Anisota fuscosa

  Anisota fuscosa is a moth species in the family Saturniidae, described by Ferguson in 1971. It is currently recognized as a synonym of Anisota stigma. The genus Anisota includes several species of wild silk moths whose caterpillars are known as oakworms, feeding primarily on oak foliage. These caterpillars are gregarious feeders and can cause localized defoliation of host trees. Adults are typically active in spring and summer, with larvae descending to soil to pupate and overwinter.

  defoliatoroak-pestgregarious-feederwild-silk-mothsaturniidurban-pestparasitoid-host

• Anisota senatoria

  orangestriped oakworm, orange-tipped oakworm

  Anisota senatoria is a Nearctic silk moth in the family Saturniidae, commonly known as the orangestriped oakworm. It is one of the more common Saturniids in eastern North America, occasionally reaching pest status in the northern parts of its range. The species is notable for being a late-season feeder on oak foliage, which limits its long-term impact on host tree health. Adults are sexually dimorphic: females are larger, yellow-orange with silver-white spots and faint black lines across the wings, while males are smaller and reddish-brown. The species is very similar to A. finlaysoni in southern Ontario and A. peigleri in the southern United States.

  defoliatorlate-season-feedergregarious-larvaeoak-pesturban-pestSaturniidaeNorth-Americasexual-dimorphismparasitoid-hostIPM-target

• Anoplophora

  longhorn beetles, long-horned beetles

  Anoplophora is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) native to Asia, containing over 50 species. Most species are large, colorful beetles with distinctive markings that have made them popular among collectors and subjects of artwork. The genus includes several economically significant pests, most notably the Asian longhorned beetle (A. glabripennis) and the citrus longhorned beetle (A. chinensis), which have been introduced to North America and Europe where they threaten urban, ornamental, and forest trees.

  invasive-speciesforest-pesturban-pestwood-borerlonghorn-beetlequarantine-pestpolyphagous

• Bactericera minuta

  Bactericera minuta is a small psyllid species native to North America that has become adventive in South America, where it was first recorded in Colombia. It feeds on willow species (Salix), particularly Salix humboldtiana, and has been associated with phytoplasma disease symptoms in infested trees. The species was originally described in 1910 and represents one of only two Bactericera species known from South America, where the genus is not native.

  psyllidwillow-pestadventive-speciesphytoplasma-associationurban-pestColombiaNorth-Americaphloem-feederornamental-pest

• Belonochilus

  sycamore seed bug

  Belonochilus is a monotypic genus of seed bugs in the family Lygaeidae, containing the single species B. numenius, commonly known as the sycamore seed bug. Native to North America, it has become invasive in Europe since its first detection in 2008. The species completes its entire life cycle on the seed balls of plane trees (Platanus spp.) and has been recorded from 17 European countries.

  monotypic-genusinvasive-speciesurban-pestPlatanus-specialist

• Belonochilus numenius

  Sycamore Seed Bug, American Sycamore Seed Bug

  Belonochilus numenius is a monotypic seed bug in the family Lygaeidae, native to North America and invasive in Europe since 2008. The species completes its entire life cycle on seed balls of Platanus species. It has spread rapidly across Europe through plant trade and wind dispersal, reaching 17 countries including a widespread distribution in North Macedonia by 2019. High population densities can cause nuisance aggregations in urban areas, though it is not considered harmful to host trees.

  invasive-speciesurban-pestPlatanus-specialistmonotypic-genusHemipteraLygaeidaeseed-bug

• Blatta orientalis

  Oriental Cockroach, Waterbug

  Blatta orientalis is a large, dark-colored cockroach and a significant urban pest. Adult males measure 18–29 mm and females 20–27 mm. Females appear wingless but are brachypterous with non-functional wing pads; males have reduced wings that do not cover the abdomen. The species thrives in dark, damp environments such as basements, crawl spaces, and sewers. It is a major vector for pathogens including E. coli, Staphylococcus, and Salmonella, and proteins from this species can trigger allergic reactions and asthma.

  urban-pestvectorallergencosmopolitanbrachypterous

• Blennocampinae

  Blennocampinae is a subfamily of sawflies within the family Tenthredinidae, containing over 100 genera and approximately 600 described species. Members are characterized by larvae that often bear distinctive branched or bifurcate dorsal spines. The subfamily includes species with documented associations with woody host plants, particularly oaks (Quercus) and hickories (Carya), as well as some that have become notable urban pests. Larvae possess six or more pairs of prolegs, distinguishing them from lepidopteran caterpillars.

  sawflyTenthredinidaedefoliatorurban-pestbranched-spines

• Brachymyrmex

  Rover Ants

  Brachymyrmex is a genus of minute ants in the subfamily Formicinae, commonly known as rover ants. Workers are distinguished by having only nine antennal segments—fewer than most ants—and by the petiole being concealed by the gaster in dorsal view. The genus contains 44 species and 17 subspecies, though species-level identification is challenging due to minimal morphological variation, small size, and soft-bodied workers. Brachymyrmex patagonicus, the dark rover ant, has become a significant invasive pest in the southern United States and other regions worldwide.

  invasive-speciesurban-pestFormicinaerover-antmulticolonialmonogyneaphid-predatornine-antennal-segmentscuticular-hydrocarbonsnestmate-recognition

• Brachymyrmex obscurior

  Seaside Rover Ant

  Brachymyrmex obscurior is a small ant species in the family Formicidae, commonly known as the Seaside Rover Ant. It is recognized as a globally distributed invasive tramp ant species, particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical urban environments. The species has been documented in the conterminous United States, Hawaii, and Brazil, among other regions. It is frequently associated with human-modified habitats and is considered part of the community of invasive ant species that dominate urban landscapes in areas such as Florida.

  invasive-speciestramp-anturban-pestrover-antFormicidaeFloridaHawaiiBrazil

• Brachymyrmex patagonicus

  Dark Rover Ant, Black Rover Ant

  Brachymyrmex patagonicus is a small invasive ant native to South America that has established populations across the southern United States, Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean. Workers are diminutive (1.0–2.0 mm), brown to black, with nine-segmented antennae and relatively large eyes compared to congeners. The species exhibits an unusual multicolonial social structure for an invasive ant, with most colonies consisting of a single nest headed by one queen, maintaining aggression toward non-nestmates rather than forming supercolonies. It is a significant nuisance pest of buildings but does not bite, sting, or vector disease.

  invasive-speciesurban-pestformicine-antmulticolonialnuisance-pest

• Calliphora latifrons

  blue bottle fly

  Calliphora latifrons is a species of blow fly (family Calliphoridae) commonly known as a blue bottle fly. The species has limited geographic distribution in North America and is associated with undisturbed habitats. It is considered one of the most forensically important blow fly species due to its predictable life cycle and colonization patterns on carrion, which can be used to estimate postmortem intervals. Adults are known to enter houses and breed in small carcasses.

  forensic-entomologycarriondecomposerurban-pestwestern-North-America

• Callirhytis quercuscornigera

  Horned Oak Gall Wasp

  Callirhytis quercuscornigera, the horned oak gall wasp, is a cynipid wasp that forms distinctive woody galls on oak twigs. The species exhibits complex heterogony—a cyclical parthenogenesis with alternating sexual and asexual generations that produce different gall types on different oak tissues. The horned twig galls are large, woody structures with conspicuous horn-like projections through which adult wasps emerge. Heavy infestations have been documented to contribute to decline and mortality of pin oaks, particularly in urban and suburban settings.

  gall-waspcynipidoak-pestheterogonyparthenogenesisforest-entomologyurban-pest

• Cameraria

  Cameraria is a genus of leaf-mining moths in the family Gracillariidae. Larvae feed internally on leaf tissue, creating distinctive mines. The genus includes both native and invasive species, with Cameraria ohridella being a notable invasive pest of horse-chestnut trees in Europe. Species are associated primarily with host plants in the families Sapindaceae (Aesculus, Acer) and Fagaceae (Quercus, Castanea).

  leaf-minerGracillariidaeinvasive-speciesurban-pestphytophagous

• Camponotus floridanus

  Florida Carpenter Ant

  Camponotus floridanus, the Florida carpenter ant, is a large, conspicuous ant species native to the southeastern United States. It is notable for its striking bicolored appearance—reddish-orange head and mesosoma contrasting with a black gaster—and its highly aggressive defensive behavior. The species exhibits pronounced worker polymorphism with distinct minor and major castes, and maintains an obligate mutualism with the endosymbiotic bacterium Blochmannia floridanus. Colonies are fast-growing and can reach thousands of individuals, with unique behaviors including surgical amputation of injured nestmate limbs to prevent infection.

  antcarpenter-antFloridapolymorphicmutualismendosymbiontaggressivenocturnalwood-nestingurban-pest

• Camponotus modoc

  Western Carpenter Ant, Western Black Carpenter Ant

  Camponotus modoc, the western carpenter ant, is a large black ant species native to western North America. Workers exhibit polymorphism, ranging from 7 to 13 mm in length, with dark red legs contrasting against a black body. The species constructs nests in dead wood, including forest logs and human structures, and is known for its mutualistic associations with aphids, particularly Cinara occidentalis on white fir. Research demonstrates trail fidelity and colony recognition abilities, with workers returning to specific aphid colonies even after displacement.

  carpenter-antwestern-north-americaaphid-mutualismstructural-pestpolymorphismtrail-fidelitychemical-ecologygiant-sequoia-forestforest-ecologyurban-pestCamponotiniFormicinaeHymenopterainvasive-potentialnestmate-recognitionalarm-communicationforaging-ecologyconifer-forestwood-excavationsatellite-colony

• Camponotus sexguttatus

  Six-spotted Carpenter Ant

  Camponotus sexguttatus is a Neotropical carpenter ant native to South America, Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. The species has established invasive populations in Florida, Hawaii, and Arizona, where it has been documented as a 'tramp ant' in urban environments. It belongs to the diverse genus Camponotus, which includes over 1,000 species of wood-nesting ants. Multiple subspecies have been described across its native range.

  invasivetramp-antNeotropicalurban-pest

• Choreutis sexfasciella

  Banyan Leaf Skeletonizer Moth

  Choreutis sexfasciella is a small moth in the family Choreutidae, commonly known as the Banyan Leaf Skeletonizer Moth. First described from the Philippines in 1902, the species has undergone rapid range expansion in recent years, establishing populations across the Mediterranean region, North America, and other areas. It is strongly associated with Ficus host plants, particularly Ficus microcarpa and F. benjamina, in urban environments. The species has been identified as a non-native invasive with observable socioeconomic impacts in introduced ranges.

  invasive-speciesurban-pestFicus-pestleaf-skeletonizerrapid-range-expansionDNA-barcoding

• Cimex lectularius

  common bed bug, bed bug

  Cimex lectularius is a hematophagous ectoparasite in the family Cimicidae, primarily associated with human dwellings. The species has undergone a global resurgence since the late 1990s following decades of suppression by DDT and other insecticides. Populations show documented resistance to multiple insecticide classes including pyrethroids and pyrroles. The species comprises at least two host-associated lineages: one feeding on humans and another on bats.

  bed-bugurban-pesthematophageectoparasiteinsecticide-resistancenuisance-pesthuman-parasitetraumatic-inseminationvector-potentialintegrated-pest-management

• Cimicidae

  bed bugs, cimicids

  Cimicidae is a family of small, wingless, blood-feeding parasitic insects comprising over 100 species. Members are obligate hematophages of warm-blooded vertebrates, primarily bats, birds, and humans. The family is notable for traumatic insemination, a unique reproductive strategy where males pierce the female abdominal wall to deposit sperm. Cimicids harbor bacterial symbionts in specialized mycetome organs that may assist with nutrient acquisition. The common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) is the most widely known member and a significant urban pest.

  ectoparasitehematophageurban-pesttraumatic-inseminationinsecticide-resistancewinglesssynanthropic

• Cimicinae

  bed bug subfamily

  Cimicinae is a subfamily of blood-feeding ectoparasites in the family Cimicidae, established by Latreille in 1802. The subfamily includes the most economically significant bed bug species, notably the cosmopolitan human parasites Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus. It represents one of six subfamilies in Cimicidae and occupies a central position in the family's phylogeny.

  HemipteraHeteropteraCimicidaeectoparasitehematophagyurban-pestcosmopolitantemporary-ectoparasite

• Clogmia albipunctata

  Bathroom Moth Fly, Drain Fly, Filter Fly, Bathroom Moth Midge, Sewer Gnat, Sink Fly

  Clogmia albipunctata is a small, non-hematophagous moth fly in the family Psychodidae with worldwide distribution in tropical and temperate regions. Adults measure 2.2–2.5 mm in body length with distinctive broad, hairy wings marked by black spots near the middle and white spots along the edges. The species is strongly associated with human dwellings, particularly bathrooms and kitchens, where larvae develop in moist, decaying organic matter within drains. Adults are weak fliers that rarely move from walls and live approximately 12 days. Though historically reported as a myiasis agent, critical review of evidence finds no incontestable documentation of true parasitism; reported cases typically involve facultative infestation of pre-existing cavities with decaying material rather than tissue invasion.

  drain-flybathroom-pestsewage-treatmentdecomposernon-bitingcosmopolitanurban-pestmechanical-vector

• Coptotermes

  Coptotermes is a genus of subterranean termites in the family Rhinotermitidae, containing approximately 71 described species. The genus is thought to have originated in Southeast Asia and includes some of the world's most economically destructive termite pests, notably Coptotermes formosanus (Formosan subterranean termite) and C. gestroi (Asian subterranean termite). A 2013 consensus among 31 termite experts reduced the number of validated species from 69 to 21 based on morphological and molecular evidence, with many historical names suspected to be synonyms. Species in this genus exhibit complex social behaviors including age-based task division and unique nitrogen recycling strategies.

  termitepestinvasivestructural-pestsubterraneanRhinotermitidaeHeterotermitidaeeconomic-pesturban-entomologycolonysocial-insectmoltingnitrogen-recyclingexuviaeage-polyethismFormosan-subterranean-termiteAsian-subterranean-termiteSoutheast-Asia-originwood-feedingcellulosegut-protozoalower-termiteevolutionary-transitiontunnelingforagingtrophallaxisproctodeal-trophallaxiscarton-nestAhamitermesparasitechitin-synthesis-inhibitorCSI-baitmolting-site-fidelityinvasive-speciesurban-peststructural-damagequarantineshippingrailroad-tiesmulchHawaiiFloridaLouisianaTaiwanJapanChinaPhilippinesAustraliatemperature-limitationhumidity-requirementcolony-sizeseveral-millionalatesswarmingnematode-associationvertical-transfermorphological-plasticitymolecular-identificationmitochondrial-DNACOII12S-rRNA16S-rRNAconsortium-taxonomytaxonomic-cold-casesynonymyWasmann-1896

• Corythucha

  lace bugs

  Corythucha is a large genus of lace bugs (family Tingidae) comprising approximately 75 described species, primarily distributed in the northern hemisphere including North America, Europe, and eastern Asia. Members of this genus are small, sap-sucking true bugs characterized by their distinctive reticulated, lace-like forewings and pronotal expansions. Several species are economically significant pests of ornamental and crop plants, including the sycamore lace bug (C. ciliata), oak lace bug (C. arcuata), cotton or bean lace bug (C. gossypii), and chrysanthemum lace bug (C. marmorata). Some species exhibit notable behavioral traits such as maternal care (C. hewitti). The genus has been subject to extensive invasion biology research due to the rapid spread of several species through human-mediated transport and natural dispersal.

  lace-bugTingidaeinvasive-speciesforest-pesturban-pestphloem-feederhost-specialistoak-pestsycamore-pestornamental-pestHemipteratrue-bug

• Corythucha ciliata

  sycamore lace bug, plane lace bug, Eastern Sycamore Lace Bug

  Corythucha ciliata, the sycamore lace bug, is a small sap-sucking insect native to North America that has become a globally invasive pest of plane trees (Platanus spp.). Adults are milky white, 3.2–3.7 mm long, with distinctive lacy, reticulate wings. The species was first detected in Europe in 1964 in Italy and has since spread to over three dozen countries across Europe, Asia, and Oceania. It feeds exclusively on the undersides of leaves, causing chlorotic stippling, premature leaf drop, and tree weakening. In Europe, it has been reported to bite humans and cause dermatological reactions.

  invasive-speciesurban-pestplant-pestTingidaelace-bugPlatanussycamoreplane-treesap-suckingNorth-America-nativeEurope-invasiveAsia-invasivemultiple-generationsoverwintering-adulthuman-biting-reported

• Crypticerya

  fluted scales, channeled mealybugs

  Crypticerya is a genus of giant scale insects in the family Monophlebidae, comprising 28 described species as of 2024. All species are native to the Americas. The genus was established by Cockerell in 1895 as a subgenus of Icerya, elevated to genus rank in 1899, synonymized in 1926, and revived in 2008. Species in this genus are commonly known as "fluted scales" or "channeled mealybugs" due to the longitudinal grooves or channels present on the ovisacs of species that produce them. Many species are significant agricultural and urban pests.

  scale-insectpestagricultural-pesturban-pestinvasive-speciesNew-Worldphloem-feedersooty-mold-vector

• Crypticerya genistae

  Genista Giant Scale Insect, fluted scale, channeled mealybug

  Crypticerya genistae is a giant scale insect in the tribe Iceryini, native to South America and accidentally introduced to Florida by 2005, the Cayman Islands by 2006, Ecuador, and Peru. Adult females produce a distinctive large white fluted ovisac measuring 17–19 mm. The species has been recorded on at least eleven host plant species, primarily in the family Fabaceae, and appears to prefer herbaceous plants and shrubs over trees. It is considered an invasive pest in urban green areas and poses potential phytosanitary risks to agricultural crops including Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea).

  scale-insectinvasive-speciespestphloem-feederFabaceaeurban-pestagricultural-pestfluted-scalechanneled-mealybuggiant-scale-insectSouth-America-nativeintroduced-to-North-Americaintroduced-to-Caribbean

• Cryptotermes brevis

  West Indian drywood termite, powderpost termite

  Cryptotermes brevis is a drywood termite in the family Kalotermitidae. Unlike subterranean termites, it does not require soil contact and can complete its entire life cycle within dry wood. The species is a significant invasive pest, having been anthropogenically dispersed from its probable Neotropical origin to tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It infests structural timbers, furniture, and wooden objects, causing substantial economic damage. Colonies remain entirely within infested wood pieces, making detection difficult until damage is advanced.

  drywood-termitestructural-pestinvasive-specieswood-feedingkalotermitidaeurban-pest

• Ctenocephalides felis

  cat flea

  The cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) is a cosmopolitan ectoparasite primarily associated with domestic cats but also commonly infests dogs and numerous other mammals. It is the most prevalent flea species on companion animals worldwide, surpassing the dog flea (C. canis) in distribution and host range. Adults are obligate blood-feeders that require fresh blood meals for reproduction. The species serves as a vector for multiple pathogens including Rickettsia felis, and acts as an intermediate host for cestodes such as Dipylidium caninum. Despite decades of intensive insecticide use, a 17-year international study found no evidence of resistance to imidacloprid among cat flea populations.

  ectoparasitevectorurban-pestveterinary-pestSiphonapteraPulicidae

• Culex

  typical mosquitoes

  Culex is a diverse genus of mosquitoes comprising over 1,000 species across more than 20 subgenera. Several species serve as important disease vectors, transmitting arboviruses including West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis, and St. Louis encephalitis, as well as filariasis and avian malaria. The genus occurs worldwide except for extreme northern temperate regions and is the most commonly encountered mosquito in many major U.S. cities. While most Culex species exhibit characteristic raft-forming egg-laying behavior, at least one species, Culex antillummagnorum, has been documented with unique aerial and "barrage" oviposition strategies.

  vectormosquitodisease-vectorarbovirusWest-Nile-virusurban-pestfreshwater-breederholometabolousdiapauseinvasive-species

• Culex pipiens

  common house mosquito, northern house mosquito

  Culex pipiens is a globally distributed mosquito species native to Africa, Asia, and Europe, now found in temperate regions worldwide except Antarctica. It is the type species for the genus Culex and one of the most common mosquitoes in human habitats in the northern hemisphere. The species includes two morphologically indistinguishable but ecologically distinct forms: C. p. form pipiens, which lives above ground and feeds primarily on birds, and C. p. form molestus, which lives underground and bites mammals including humans. Hybrids between these forms exhibit intermediate feeding behavior and are implicated as bridge vectors for West Nile virus transmission from birds to humans.

  mosquitovectorWest-Nile-virusurban-pestmedical-entomologyCulex-pipiens-complexform-pipiensform-molestusautogenydiapausebridge-vector

• Cydalima perspectalis

  box tree moth, box tree caterpillar

  Cydalima perspectalis, commonly known as the box tree moth, is a highly invasive pest moth native to East Asia. First described in 1859, it has spread rapidly across Europe since 2006 and was detected in North America in 2018. The species is a specialist herbivore of boxwood (Buxus spp.), with larvae capable of causing severe defoliation and plant mortality. Multiple generations per year and efficient dispersal via horticultural trade have facilitated its global expansion.

  invasive-speciespestspecialist-herbivoreboxwoodhorticultural-pestdefoliatorurban-pestCrambidaeLepidoptera

• Dasineura gleditchiae

  honeylocust podgall midge, Gleditsia Gall Midge

  Dasineura gleditchiae is a gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae that induces pod-like galls on honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos). Native to North America, it has become established as an invasive species in parts of Europe, where it was first recorded in the late 20th century. The species is considered a minor pest in urban and ornamental settings due to its impact on host tree foliage.

  gall-midgeCecidomyiidaeinvasive-speciesurban-pestGleditsiaphytophagygall-inductionornamental-pest

• Entedoninae

  Entedoninae is a subfamily of chalcid wasps in the family Eulophidae comprising over 90 genera. Members are primarily parasitoids with documented associations across diverse host groups including gall-inducing insects, leafminers, sawflies, thrips, and ants. The subfamily exhibits considerable morphological and ecological diversity, with species found in tropical to temperate habitats worldwide.

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• Eucallipterus tiliae

  Linden aphid, Lime-tree aphid, Lime Leaf Aphid

  Eucallipterus tiliae is a specialist aphid species feeding exclusively on Tilia (lime/linden) trees. Adults are readily identified by a black stripe along the body and cloudy-black wing edges. The species exhibits pronounced seasonal polyphenism in nymphal pigmentation, with first-generation nymphs always unpigmented and later generations developing black dorsal bands in response to crowding and leaf maturity. Flight behavior is density-dependent, with both direct crowding and plant-mediated cues stimulating dispersal. Native to Eurasia, it has established worldwide wherever host Tilia species occur.

  aphidspecialist-herbivoreseasonal-polyphenismdensity-dependent-dispersalurban-pesthoneydew-producerTilia-specialist

• Eupareophora

  spiny ash sawflies

  Eupareophora is a genus of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae, subfamily Blennocampinae. The genus contains at least two species: the West Palaearctic E. exarmata and the Nearctic E. parca. Both species are associated with ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) as hosts. Larvae are characterized by prominent spines and can cause significant defoliation. E. parca has shown rapid population increases in urban settings, suggesting potential as an urban pest.

  sawflyashdefoliatorurban-pestspiny-larva

• Holocnemus pluchei

  Marbled Cellar Spider

  Holocnemus pluchei is a cellar spider native to the Mediterranean region that has been introduced to North America, Australia, and other regions. It is notable for its group-living behavior, with multiple individuals often sharing communal webs. Both sexes possess stridulatory organs, an unusual trait among spiders. The species exhibits a unique defensive behavior called 'bouncing' when disturbed. It has been identified as a source of allergenic proteins that can trigger asthma in sensitive individuals.

  spiderPholcidaeintroduced-speciesgroup-livingstridulationurban-pestallergen

• Homadaula anisocentra

  mimosa webworm, Mimosa Webworm Moth

  Homadaula anisocentra, commonly known as the mimosa webworm, is an introduced moth species in the family Galacticidae (formerly placed in Plutellidae). Native to China, it was accidentally introduced to the United States in the 1940s and has become a significant pest of ornamental trees. The species primarily attacks mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) and honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos), where larvae construct silk webbing to feed on leaves. It completes two generations annually in the Mid-Atlantic region, with an additional third generation in southern states.

  pestintroduced-speciesdefoliatorurban-pestornamental-pestweb-forming-larva

• Homotomidae

  fig psyllids, mulberry psyllids

  Homotomidae is a family of small phloem-feeding insects in the superfamily Psylloidea, commonly known as fig or mulberry psyllids. Members feed almost exclusively on Moraceae, primarily the genus Ficus, with rare exceptions such as Triozamia on Antiaris toxicaria. The family contains approximately 70 described species across three subfamilies: Dynopsyllinae, Macrohomotominae, and Homotominae. Several species are economically significant pests of ornamental and cultivated figs, including the invasive Macrohomotoma gladiata, which has spread from Asia to Europe, North Africa, and North America.

  phloem-feedingMoraceaeFicusinvasive-pesturban-pestornamental-pestbiological-controlPsylloideawax-secretionhoneydewsooty-mould

• Hylotrupes bajulus

  House Longhorn Beetle, Old House Borer, European House Borer

  Hylotrupes bajulus is a woodboring beetle and the sole species in its genus. Native to Europe, it has spread globally through timber trade to become practically cosmopolitan. It is a significant pest of structural timber, particularly dry coniferous sapwood. Sexually mature females produce a species-specific sex pheromone that attracts males from short distances.

  woodboring-beetletimber-pestinvasive-speciespheromone-communicationconifer-specialisturban-pest

• Hyphantria cunea

  Fall Webworm, Fall Webworm Moth, American White Moth

  The fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) is a moth native to North America, ranging from southern Canada through the United States to northern Mexico. It is best known for its larval stage, in which caterpillars construct large silken webs on the terminal branches of host trees during late summer and fall. The species exhibits two color races that vary geographically: white moths with black-headed caterpillars predominate in northern populations, while spotted moths with red-headed caterpillars are more common in the south. Accidentally introduced to Hungary in the 1940s, it has become a destructive invasive pest across Europe and Asia, particularly in China where it is known as the 'North American White Moth.'

  defoliatorweb-forming-caterpillarinvasive-speciesnative-pestpolyphagousfreeze-avoiderthermoregulationbiological-control-targethazelnut-pestmulberry-pesturban-pestornamental-pestforest-pestagricultural-pestgregarious-larvaesilken-webNorth-American-nativeEuropean-invasiveAsian-invasiveviral-biocontrolparasitoid-hosthyperparasitism

• Jadera haematoloma

  red-shouldered bug, goldenrain-tree bug, soapberry bug

  Jadera haematoloma is a true bug in the family Rhopalidae, commonly known as the red-shouldered bug, goldenrain-tree bug, or soapberry bug. It feeds on seeds of plants in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae) and has become a classic model organism for studying rapid evolutionary adaptation to novel hosts. The species is notable for documented cases of contemporary evolution, including changes in beak length and life history traits following host shifts to introduced plants. It is frequently mistaken for boxelder bugs (Boisea spp.) due to similar coloration and habits.

  true-bugseed-predatorevolutionary-modelhost-racecontemporary-evolutionurban-pestnuisance-pestRhopalidaeSapindaceae

• Lasius emarginatus

  ManhattAnt, Central European Bicolored Ant

  Lasius emarginatus is a small formicine ant native to western Eurasia that has become a notable invasive species in North America. First discovered in New York City in 2011, it earned the nickname "ManhattAnt" and has since become one of the most common ants in the city, spreading at approximately 2 km per year into New Jersey and Long Island. Workers are distinguished by their reddish-brown thorax contrasting with darker brown head and abdomen. The species is increasingly reported as an indoor pest and forms mutualisms with honeydew-producing insects on street trees. Unlike many invasive ants, it does not display supercolonial behavior.

  invasive-speciesurban-pestManhattAntformicine-anthoneydew-mutualismpleometrosissupercoloniality-absentrapid-range-expansionclimate-mediated-invasion-potential

• Lauritrioza alacris

  Bay Sucker

  Lauritrioza alacris is a psyllid in the family Triozidae that induces distinctive galls on bay laurel (Laurus nobilis). Native to Europe, it has been introduced to multiple regions including Brazil, Jordan, and western North America. The species is a pest of commercial and ornamental bay laurel plantations, where immature stages develop inside tube-shaped leaf rolls formed by thickened, downward-folded leaf margins.

  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• Liposcelis fusciceps

  Liposcelis fusciceps is a species of booklice in the family Liposcelididae, described by Badonnel in 1968. Species in this genus are among the smallest insects, typically measuring about 1 mm in length. They are commonly associated with stored products and human dwellings. The genus Liposcelis is widespread and includes numerous species that are significant pantry pests.

  booklicepsocidsstored-product-pestpantry-pesturban-pestparthenogenesis

• Litoprosopus coachella

  palm flower moth, palm budworm

  Litoprosopus coachella, commonly known as the palm flower moth or palm budworm, is a moth species in the family Erebidae. The species is notable for its larval stage, which feeds on palm flowers and buds, particularly of ornamental fan palms. Mature caterpillars abandon host plants to pupate, frequently entering human dwellings where they spin cocoons incorporating carpet fibers and other materials. The species is widely distributed in North America, with substantial populations in urban areas of the southwestern United States where palm landscaping is common. Adult moths are dull-colored and nocturnal.

  mothcaterpillarurban-pestpalm-pestnocturnalcomplete-metamorphosisdefensive-bitecocoonindoorsNorth-Americasouthwestern-USArizonaCaliforniaErebidaeDyopsinae

• Lyctus carbonarius

  southern lyctus beetle

  Lyctus carbonarius is a wood-boring beetle in the family Bostrichidae, commonly known as the southern lyctus beetle. It is a serious pest of hardwoods, particularly ash, hickory, oak, maple, and mahogany. The species has been introduced to multiple continents through international timber trade and can infest finished wood products in homes, including flooring, furniture, and structural timbers. Infestations often begin before construction of wood articles and can remain undetected until adult emergence holes appear.

  wood-boring-beetlepowderpost-beetlehardwood-peststored-product-pesturban-pestinvasive-species

• Macrohomotoma gladiata

  Curtain Fig Psyllid

  Macrohomotoma gladiata is an invasive Asian psyllid that has established populations across the Mediterranean Basin and California, where it infests ornamental Ficus microcarpa. Nymphs feed on young tissues, producing dense white waxy secretions and honeydew that promotes sooty mould growth and causes twig dieback. The species has a likely bivoltine life cycle with possible partial third generation; young nymphs overwinter under stipules without development, resuming growth in spring. Natural enemies include a Psyllaephagus parasitoid that can achieve high parasitism rates, and the predatory bug Anthocoris nemoralis.

  invasive-speciesurban-pestornamental-pestbiological-controlFicus-pestMediterranean-invasionpsyllidHomotomidaeSternorrhynchaphloem-feederwaxy-secretionssooty-mouldparasitoidPsyllaephagusAnthocoris-nemoralisbivoltineoverwintering-nymphsLiberibacter-vector

• Megaselia scalaris

  Scaled Hump-backed Fly, scuttle fly, coffin fly, humpbacked fly, laboratory fly

  Megaselia scalaris is a small phorid fly, approximately 2–3 mm in length, widely distributed in warm regions globally. It is one of the most commonly encountered species in the family Phoridae, particularly in urban environments. The species exhibits remarkable ecological flexibility, functioning as a decomposer, facultative parasitoid, and forensic indicator. Adults display characteristic jerky running behavior, earning the common name "scuttle fly." The species has been documented in diverse contexts including coffins, decomposing carrion, termite mounds, social wasp nests, and deteriorating museum specimens.

  scuttle-flycoffin-flyhumpbacked-flyforensic-entomologydecomposerfacultative-parasitoidurban-pestmuseum-pestlaboratory-modelmyiasistermite-parasitoidwasp-parasitoidcarrion-flyomnivorecosmopolitanwarm-climate