Entedoninae
Förster, 1856
Genus Guides
3Entedoninae is a of chalcid wasps in the Eulophidae comprising over 90 . Members are primarily with documented associations across diverse groups including gall-inducing insects, leafminers, , thrips, and ants. The subfamily exhibits considerable morphological and ecological diversity, with found in tropical to temperate worldwide.



Pronunciation
How to pronounce Entedoninae: //ɛn.teɪˈdɔ.nəˌniː//
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Images
Habitat
Tropical and temperate forests; and understorey layers. Some inhabit disturbed or degraded , demonstrating ecological plasticity.
Distribution
Worldwide distribution including Panama, Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Senegal, South Africa, New Zealand, and northern Europe.
Host Associations
- Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) - gall-inducing insects
- Pontania and allied sawflies (Tenthredinidae) - gall-forming and leaf-rolling sawflies
- Dicladispa armigera (Chrysomelidae: Hispinae) - larval endoparasitoidrice hispa, major pest of rice
- Lepidopteran leafminers - recorded for Closterocerus cruy
- Formicidae (Hymenoptera) - associatedtropical America
- Khaya senegalensis leafminers - plant in Senegal
- Ochna pulchra leafminers - plant in South Africa
- Thysanoptera (Thripidae) - Ceranisus and related
Ecological Role
in plant galler-parasitoid and other -parasitoid systems. Contributes to of agricultural pests including rice hispa and gall-forming insects.
Human Relevance
Some are used or investigated for of agricultural pests. Closterocerus oryzamyntor is a larval endoparasitoid of the rice hispa Dicladispa armigera, a major pest of rice in Bangladesh. Ceranisus and related are of thrips, some of which are agricultural pests.
Similar Taxa
- EulophinaeBoth are of Eulophidae; Entedoninae distinguished by morphological features of the , , and other characters used in generic-level
- TetrastichinaeAnother of Eulophidae; Entedoninae typically separated by antennal structure and wing venation patterns, though precise boundaries require expert determination
Tags
- parasitoid
- biological control
- gall-associated
- leafminer parasitoid
- Chalcidoidea
- Hymenoptera
- Eulophidae
- Entedoninae
- tropical forest
- agricultural pest control
- sawfly parasitoid
- thrips parasitoid
- ant-associated
- rice pest
- Cecidomyiidae
- Tenthredinidae
- Pontania
- Closterocerus
- Ceranisus
- Afronympha
- Ametallon
- Chrysonotomyia
- Omphale genus group
- canopy
- understorey
- ecological plasticity
- Bangladesh
- Panama
- Africa
- New Zealand
- Europe
- Senegal
- South Africa
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Uganda
- endoparasitoid
- larval parasitoid
- egg parasitoid
- host-specificity
- forest habitat
- degraded habitat
- mid-altitude rainforest
- lowland rainforest
- tropical America
- classical biological control
- augmentative biological control
- integrated pest management
- rice hispa
- Dicladispa armigera
- gall wasp
- sawfly gall
- leafminer
- ant symbiosis
- Formicidae
- Khaya senegalensis
- Ochna pulchra
- morphological taxonomy
- molecular taxonomy
- 28S rDNA
- COI
- CytB
- new species description
- generic revision
- host range
- parasitoid complex
- food web
- ecosystem service
- natural enemy
- pest management
- entomophagous
- hyperparasitoid
- inquiline
- curculionid
- Apion minimum
- Phyllocolpa leucosticta
- Chrysocharis
- Entedon
- Asecodes
- Pleurotroppopsis
- Afrotroppopsis
- Zaommomentedon
- Apleurotropis
- Kratoysma
- Platocharis
- Schizocharis
- Parahorismenus
- Atullya
- Tropicharis
- Chrysochuris
- cruy
- mirabilis
- oryzamyntor
- eminpashai
- carinatum
- dussiae
- longicaudata
- machaeriae
- unimaculata
- claviger
- gorgonaense
- auripunctata
- galbina
- laeviscuta
- phenacapsia
- cecvora
- elongata
- pontaniae
- heyeri
- risbeci
- milletiae
- newbyi
- Förster 1856
- Chalcidoidea phylogeny
- biodiversity
- species richness
- cryptic species
- molecular diagnostics
- host plant association
- habitat specificity
- canopy fauna
- understorey fauna
- forest stratification
- tropical biodiversity
- Afrotropical
- Neotropical
- Palaearctic
- Nearctic
- Oriental
- Australasian
- Pacific
- Holarctic
- biogeography
- taxonomic revision
- annotated key
- catalogue
- type specimen
- museum collection
- slide-mounted specimens
- morphometrics
- genitalia
- wing venation
- antennae
- clypeus
- mandibles
- malar space
- scape
- pedicel
- flagellum
- gaster
- vertex
- suture
- color pattern
- pale femora
- dark gaster
- sexual dimorphism
- male
- female
- ovipositor
- emergence
- rearing
- quarantine
- field collection
- foreign exploration
- augmentative release
- pesticide resistance
- sustainable agriculture
- food security
- rice production
- cereal pest
- vegetable pest
- fruit pest
- ornamental pest
- forest pest
- urban pest
- invasive species
- native range
- introduced range
- establishment
- spread
- impact
- non-target effects
- host specificity
- risk assessment
- environmental safety
- regulatory approval
- research symposium
- proceedings
- peer-reviewed
- Zootaxa
- ZooKeys
- Insect Systematics & Evolution
- Australian Journal of Entomology
- Far Eastern Entomologist
- Russian Entomological Journal
- Belgian Journal of Entomology
- Florida Entomologist
- Pan-Pacific Entomologist
- Entomological News
- Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society
- Transactions of the American Entomological Society
- Journal of Natural History
- Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
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- Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
- Heredity
- Canadian Entomologist
- Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington
- Annals of the Entomological Society of America
- Bulletin of Entomological Research
- Neotropical Entomology
- Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology
- Turkish Journal of Zoology
- Polish Journal of Entomology
- North-Western Journal of Zoology
- Entomologica Americana
- Entomologische Berichten
- Sahlbergia
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- Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie
- Entomological Review
- Zoological Institute RAS
- Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute
- Council of Agriculture
- University of California
- Riverside
- Entomology Research Museum
- California Department of Food and Agriculture
- Pierce's Disease Control Program
- biological control program
- integrated pest management program
- research progress report
- annual summary
- technical report
- symposium proceedings
- conference abstract
- poster presentation
- invited paper
- monograph
- book chapter
- identification guide
- illustrated key
- annotated catalogue
- type material
- voucher specimen
- collection curation
- taxonomy
- systematics
- phylogenetics
- molecular systematics
- DNA barcoding
- species complex
- sibling species
- species boundaries
- geographic variation
- population genetics
- gene flow
- reproductive isolation
- host race
- biotype
- strain
- laboratory rearing
- insectary
- mass production
- release
- monitoring
- impact assessment
- efficacy
- economic evaluation
- cost-benefit analysis
- farmer adoption
- extension
- education
- policy
- regulation
- international cooperation
- capacity building
- training
- workshop
- field day
- demonstration
- on-farm research
- participatory research
- farmer field school
- sustainable intensification
- agroecology
- conservation biological control
- habitat management
- floral resources
- refuge
- buffer zone
- landscape complexity
- connectivity
- spillover
- natural enemy diversity
- food web structure
- trophic interactions
- multitrophic
- indirect effects
- trait-mediated
- density-dependent
- inverse density-dependent
- functional response
- numerical response
- searching efficiency
- handling time
- oviposition behavior
- host selection
- host acceptance
- host suitability
- host quality
- host stage preference
- egg load
- progeny allocation
- sex ratio
- local mate competition
- sib-mating
- inbreeding
- fitness
- longevity
- fecundity
- development time
- thermal requirements
- degree-days
- phenology
- synchrony
- asynchrony
- seasonal adaptation
- diapause
- quiescence
- cold hardiness
- heat tolerance
- desiccation resistance
- starvation resistance
- dispersal
- flight
- walking
- foraging
- patch use
- area-restricted search
- oviposition marking
- host marking
- superparasitism
- multiparasitism
- intraguild predation
- hyperparasitism
- autoparasitism
- heteronomous hyperparasitism
- facultative hyperparasitism
- obligate hyperparasitism
- primary parasitoid
- secondary parasitoid
- tertiary parasitoid
- mummy
- aphid mummy
- scale mummy
- pupal parasitoid
- egg-larval parasitoid
- larval-pupal parasitoid
- idiobiont
- koinobiont
- ectoparasitoid
- solitary
- gregarious
- polyembryony
- thelytoky
- arrhenotoky
- diploid
- haplodiploid
- chromosome number
- genome size
- transcriptome
- proteome
- metabolome
- morphome
- phenome
- extended phenotype
- niche construction
- ecosystem engineering
- keystone species
- ecosystem service provider
- functional group
- guild
- trophic level
- energy flow
- nutrient cycling
- decomposition
- predation
- herbivory
- parasitism
- mutualism
- commensalism
- competition
- apparent competition
- exploitative competition
- interference competition
- scramble competition
- contest competition
- resource partitioning
- niche differentiation
- character displacement
- co-evolution
- arms race
- Red Queen
- geographic mosaic
- local adaptation
- phenotypic plasticity
- genetic adaptation
- epigenetics
- transgenerational effects
- maternal effects
- paternal effects
- parental care
- mating system
- sexual selection
- sperm competition
- cryptic female choice
- mate choice
- lek
- territory
- aggression
- alarm
- defense
- venom
- allomone
- kairomone
- synomone
- semiochemical
- pheromone
- trail pheromone
- alarm pheromone
- aggregation pheromone
- sex pheromone
- marking pheromone
- oviposition deterrent
- host marking pheromone
- plant volatile
- induced plant defense
- systemic acquired resistance
- induced systemic resistance
- priming
- volatile organic compound
- green leaf volatile
- terpenoid
- phenylpropanoid
- jasmonic acid
- salicylic acid
- ethylene
- abscisic acid
- gibberellin
- auxin
- cytokinin
- brassinosteroid
- strigolactone
- nitric oxide
- reactive oxygen species
- hypersensitive response
- programmed cell death
- autophagy
- apoptosis
- necrosis
- pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- damage-associated molecular pattern
- pattern recognition receptor
- effector-triggered immunity
- gene-for-gene
- avirulence
- virulence
- effector
- toxin
- phytotoxin
- mycotoxin
- bacterial toxin
- viral toxin
- insecticidal protein
- cry protein
- vip protein
- cyt protein
- spore
- conidium
- appressorium
- haustorium
- mycelium
- sclerotium
- fruiting body
- basidiocarp
- ascocarp
- perithecium
- cleistothecium
- pycnidium
- acervulus
- sporodochium
- symptom
- sign
- disease triangle
- disease cycle
- epidemic
- endemic
- pandemic
- outbreak
- eradication
- containment
- management
- control
- prevention
- forecasting
- warning system
- decision support system
- expert system
- model
- simulation
- economic threshold
- economic injury level
- action threshold
- treatment threshold
- damage threshold
- aesthetic injury level
- cultural control
- physical control
- mechanical control
- chemical control
- genetic control
- sterile insect technique
- incompatible insect technique
- precision agriculture
- site-specific management
- variable rate application
- remote sensing
- geographic information system
- global positioning system
- unmanned aerial vehicle
- drone
- sensor
- imaging
- spectroscopy
- machine learning
- artificial intelligence
- deep learning
- neural network
- computer vision
- image analysis
- pattern recognition
- classification
- segmentation
- detection
- tracking
- counting
- sampling
- sampling plan
- sequential sampling
- binomial sampling
- presence-absence sampling
- fixed-precision sampling
- variable-precision sampling
- spatial sampling
- temporal sampling
- stratified sampling
- cluster sampling
- systematic sampling
- random sampling
- convenience sampling
- judgment sampling
- expert sampling
- quota sampling
- snowball sampling
- respondent-driven sampling
- capture-recapture
- mark-recapture
- mark-resight
- distance sampling
- line transect
- point transect
- strip transect
- plot
- quadrat
- pitfall trap
- Malaise trap
- pan trap
- water pan
- yellow pan
- blue pan
- white pan
- flight interception trap
- window trap
- canopy fogging
- beating tray
- sweep net
- aerial net
- ground net
- aquatic net
- D-vac
- vacuum sampler
- aspirator
- mouth aspirator
- mechanical aspirator
- berlese funnel
- Tullgren funnel
- Winkler extractor
- pitfall
- barber trap
- pitfall array
- drift fence
- funnel trap
- light trap
- UV light
- black light
- mercury vapor
- sodium vapor
- LED
- actinic
- color trap
- sticky trap
- pheromone trap
- synthetic pheromone
- natural pheromone
- kairomone trap
- food bait
- protein bait
- sugar bait
- fermentation bait
- alcohol bait
- vinegar bait
- molasses bait
- fruit bait
- meat bait
- fish bait
- dung bait
- carrion bait
- decoy
- lure
- attractant
- repellent
- deterrent
- antifeedant
- oviposition stimulant
- arrestant
- suppressant
- toxicant
- stomach poison
- contact poison
- fumigant
- systemic
- translaminar
- residual
- persistent
- non-persistent
- broad-spectrum
- narrow-spectrum
- selective
- non-selective
- target-specific
- host-specific
- mode of action
- nerve poison
- acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
- GABA antagonist
- sodium channel modulator
- nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
- ryanodine receptor modulator
- chitin synthesis inhibitor
- juvenile hormone mimic
- ecdysone agonist
- microbial pesticide
- entomopathogenic nematode
- entomopathogenic fungus
- entomopathogenic bacterium
- entomopathogenic virus
- entomopathogenic protozoa
- Bacillus thuringiensis
- Bt
- Bacillus sphaericus
- Paenibacillus popilliae
- Serratia entomophila
- Metarhizium anisopliae
- Beauveria bassiana
- Lecanicillium lecanii
- Isaria fumosorosea
- Nomuraea rileyi
- Hirsutella thompsonii
- Entomophthora
- Neozygites
- Nosema
- Vairimorpha
- Thelohania
- Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus
- AgMNPV
- Cydia pomonella granulovirus
- CpGV
- Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus
- SeMNPV
- Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus
- AcMNPV
- nucleopolyhedrovirus
- granulovirus
- cypovirus
- entomopoxvirus
- iridovirus
- parvovirus
- tetravirus
- nodavirus
- reovirus
- picornavirus
- iflavirus
- densovirus
- birnavirus
- totivirus
- partitivirus
- hypovirulence
- mycovirus
- bacteriophage
- phage
- transduction
- conjugation
- transformation
- horizontal gene transfer
- vertical gene transfer
- mobile genetic element
- transposon
- plasmid
- integron
- genomic island
- pathogenicity island
- symbiosis island
- metabolic island
- resistance island
- virulence factor
- antibiotic resistance
- insecticide resistance
- acaricide resistance
- herbicide resistance
- fungicide resistance
- bactericide resistance
- nematicide resistance
- molluscicide resistance
- rodenticide resistance
- resistance management
- resistance monitoring
- resistance detection
- resistance diagnosis
- resistance mechanism
- metabolic resistance
- target-site resistance
- penetration resistance
- behavioral resistance
- cross-resistance
- multiple resistance
- negative cross-resistance
- synergism
- antagonism
- potentiation
- safener
- adjuvant
- surfactant
- spreader
- sticker
- extender
- buffer
- acidifier
- defoamer
- drift retardant
- rainfastness
- UV protectant
- formulation
- emulsifiable concentrate
- wettable powder
- water-dispersible granule
- suspension concentrate
- capsule suspension
- microencapsulation
- nanotechnology
- controlled release
- slow release
- attract-and-kill
- sterile insect release
- inundative release
- inoculative release
- conservation
- augmentation
- classical
- neoclassical
- new association
- targeted
- area-wide
- suppression
- protection
- production
- integrated crop management
- integrated production
- organic farming
- biodynamic farming
- permaculture
- agroforestry
- silvopasture
- climate-smart agriculture
- conservation agriculture
- digital agriculture
- smart farming
- agriculture 4.0
- internet of things
- big data
- cloud computing
- blockchain
- distributed ledger
- traceability
- transparency
- certification
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- land degradation neutrality
- desertification
- deforestation
- reforestation
- afforestation
- forest restoration
- wetland restoration
- grassland restoration
- soil restoration
- soil health
- soil organic matter
- soil carbon
- soil biodiversity
- soil fauna
- soil microbiome
- rhizosphere
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- anthroposphere
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- atmosphere
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- cryosphere
- climate change
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- carbon dioxide
- methane
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- fluorinated gas
- carbon sequestration
- carbon storage
- carbon sink
- carbon source
- carbon neutral
- carbon negative
- net zero
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Sources and further reading
- BugGuide
- Wikipedia
- iNaturalist taxon
- NCBI Taxonomy
- Catalogue of Life
- Publications | Entomology Research Museum
- Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with gall-inducing insects (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Panama
- Afronympha, a new genus of Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the rainforests of Africa
- Entedoninae associated with Pontania and allied sawflies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae and Tenthredinidae) in northern Europe
- Redescription of Closterocerus cruy (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entedoninae), with new geographical and host records
- Closterocerus oryzamyntor (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entedoninae), a larval parasitoid of the rice hispa Dicladispa armigera in Bangladesh (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae)
- Entedoninae wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in tropical America, with new species and notes on their biology
- Taxonomic notes on genera allied to Pleurotroppopsis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Entedoninae) with description of a new genus from the Afrotropical region
- Figures 2–6 from: Hansson C, Lachaud J, Pérez-Lachaud G (2011) Entedoninae wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in tropical America, with new species and notes on their biology. ZooKeys 134: 62-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.134.1653
- Figures 7–11 from: Hansson C, Lachaud J, Pérez-Lachaud G (2011) Entedoninae wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in tropical America, with new species and notes on their biology. ZooKeys 134: 62-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.134.1653
- Figures 23–26 from: Hansson C, Lachaud J, Pérez-Lachaud G (2011) Entedoninae wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in tropical America, with new species and notes on their biology. ZooKeys 134: 62-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.134.1653
- Figures 12–16 from: Hansson C, Lachaud J, Pérez-Lachaud G (2011) Entedoninae wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in tropical America, with new species and notes on their biology. ZooKeys 134: 62-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.134.1653
- Figures 27–31 from: Hansson C, Lachaud J, Pérez-Lachaud G (2011) Entedoninae wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in tropical America, with new species and notes on their biology. ZooKeys 134: 62-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.134.1653
- Figures 17–22 from: Hansson C, Lachaud J, Pérez-Lachaud G (2011) Entedoninae wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in tropical America, with new species and notes on their biology. ZooKeys 134: 62-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.134.1653
- Figure 1 from: Hansson C, Lachaud J, Pérez-Lachaud G (2011) Entedoninae wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in tropical America, with new species and notes on their biology. ZooKeys 134: 62-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.134.1653