Fruit-pest

Guides

Abagrotis cupida
Cupid dart, brown climbing cutworm
Abagrotis cupida is a noctuid moth found across southern Canada and the eastern United States. Adults have a wingspan of 33–35 mm and fly in late summer, with one generation per year. Larvae feed on woody plants including willow, apple, grape, and peach. The species is known by two common names reflecting different life stages: 'Cupid dart' for the adult moth and 'brown climbing cutworm' for the larva.
moth noctuid cutworm pest North-America univoltine late-summer fruit-pest willow-feeder
Acrobasis
Acrobasis is a genus of small moths in the family Pyralidae, subfamily Phycitinae. Species in this genus are primarily known as pests of nut and fruit crops, with several economically significant species including the pecan nut casebearer (A. nuxvorella) and species affecting chokeberry, walnut, and hickory. Larvae typically bore into developing nuts or fruits, causing direct damage to yield. The genus has a Holarctic distribution with records from North America and Europe.
moth Pyralidae Phycitinae pest nut-pest fruit-pest agricultural-pest Holarctic
Anomala binotata (Gyllenhal, 1817)
Shining leaf chafer
Anomala binotata is a species of scarab beetle in the subfamily Rutelinae, commonly known as the shining leaf chafers. It is native to North America, primarily occurring east of the Rocky Mountains. The species is recognized as an agricultural pest, with adults feeding on grapes and other fruit crops, while the larval grubs cause minor damage to grain crops including corn, wheat, and oats.
agricultural-pest scarab-beetle white-grub fruit-pest grain-pest
Archips podana
Large Fruit-tree Tortrix
Archips podana is a leafroller moth in the family Tortricidae, first described by Scopoli in 1763. It is notable for exhibiting polymorphism in male genitalia, with four distinct morphs differing in the presence or absence of apical and/or lateral prongs on the phallus. The species is widely distributed across Europe and Asia, and has been introduced to North America. Larvae are polyphagous herbivores on deciduous trees and shrubs, with significant economic impact on fruit crops including apple and pear.
leafroller tortricid pest fruit-pest polymorphism bivoltine introduced-species
Aspila prunivora
Lesser Appleworm Moth
Aspila prunivora, commonly known as the Lesser Appleworm Moth, is a small tortricid moth. It is primarily known as a pest of apple and related fruit trees, with larvae feeding internally on developing fruits. The species has been documented at blacklighting events in California, indicating nocturnal adult activity.
Tortricidae pest apple fruit-pest nocturnal California blacklighting Lepidoptera
Carpophilus hemipterus
dried-fruit beetle
Carpophilus hemipterus is a sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae known as the dried-fruit beetle. It is a cosmopolitan pest of ripening and dried fruits, with documented infestations on dates, litchi, mango, guava, papaya, and stone fruits. The species exhibits strong aggregation behavior mediated by pheromones and shows phototactic flight responses that transition readily to vegetative orientation upon encountering food odors. It completes multiple generations per season in warm climates, with population peaks correlating with temperature and humidity optima. Both adults and larvae cause direct damage to fruits and can vector microorganisms associated with fermentation and aflatoxin production.
pest stored-product sap-beetle nitidulidae fruit-pest aggregation-pheromone phototaxis invasive post-harvest aflatoxin-vector
Conotrachelus nenuphar
Plum Curculio
The plum curculio is a native North American weevil and economically significant pest of stone and pome fruits. It has been documented as a fruit pest since the 18th century and remains a primary challenge for orchard production east of the Rocky Mountains. The species exhibits geographic variation in voltinism, with univoltine populations in northern regions and multivoltine populations in the south.
pest agricultural-pest fruit-pest native-species weevil orchard-pest
Cotinis nitida
green June beetle, June bug, June beetle, Common Green June Beetle
Cotinis nitida is a native North American scarab beetle in the flower chafer subfamily Cetoniinae. Adults are large, metallic green beetles active during daylight hours, often seen flying loudly in search of ripe or fermenting fruit. The species completes a one-year life cycle, with larvae feeding underground on decaying organic matter and occasionally damaging turfgrass roots through tunneling behavior. Though sometimes mistaken for the invasive Japanese beetle, this species is significantly larger and behaviorally distinct, and is generally considered a minor agricultural pest.
scarab-beetle flower-chafer sap-feeder fruit-pest turfgrass-pest white-grub diurnal metallic-green native-species aggregation-pheromone gut-microbiome fermentation-attraction back-crawling-larva one-year-life-cycle organic-matter-decomposer southeastern-US-endemic ethanol-trap-attraction male-clypeal-horn sexual-competition misidentification-risk Cetoniinae Gymnetini Cotinis Coleoptera Scarabaeidae
Diaspidiotus
Diaspidiotus is a genus of armored scale insects (family Diaspididae) comprising over 80-90 described species with worldwide distribution. Species in this genus are phloem-feeding pests of deciduous trees and fruit crops, including economically important species such as the San José scale (D. perniciosus) and oystershell scale (D. ostreaeformis). These scales secrete a protective waxy covering (test) over their bodies and are frequently intercepted in agricultural quarantine due to their similarity to critical quarantine pests.
armored-scale agricultural-pest phytosanitary-risk fruit-pest quarantine-pest
Drosophila suzukii
spotted wing drosophila, SWD, spotted-winged drosophila, cherry vinegar fly
Drosophila suzukii, commonly called the spotted wing drosophila or SWD, is a small vinegar fly native to Southeast Asia that has become a major invasive pest of soft-skinned fruits in North America, Europe, and other regions. Unlike most Drosophila species that infest rotting fruit, females use their serrated ovipositor to lay eggs in intact, ripening fruit, causing significant economic damage to crops including cherries, blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, and grapes. First described in 1931 and observed in Japan as early as 1916, the species was detected in Hawaii in the 1980s and subsequently invaded continental North America in 2008 and Europe shortly thereafter, spreading rapidly due to its high reproductive potential and polyphagous nature.
invasive-species agricultural-pest fruit-pest vinegar-fly polyphagous economic-pest EPPO-A2-list berry-pest cherry-pest
Egira curialis
Citrus Cutworm
Egira curialis is a noctuid moth commonly known as the Citrus Cutworm, native to North America. The species has been documented as a pest of citrus groves in California's San Joaquin Valley, where larvae feed on young fruit and contribute to scarring damage. Research indicates that caterpillar densities and associated damage are higher in larger citrus groves. The species is listed under Hodges number 10511 in the North American moth numbering system.
agricultural-pest citrus-pest cutworm-moth Noctuidae North-America California integrated-pest-management fruit-pest
Entedoninae
Entedoninae is a subfamily of chalcid wasps in the family Eulophidae comprising over 90 genera. Members are primarily parasitoids with documented associations across diverse host groups including gall-inducing insects, leafminers, sawflies, thrips, and ants. The subfamily exhibits considerable morphological and ecological diversity, with species found in tropical to temperate habitats worldwide.
parasitoid biological-control gall-associated leafminer-parasitoid Chalcidoidea Hymenoptera Eulophidae Entedoninae tropical-forest agricultural-pest-control sawfly-parasitoid thrips-parasitoid ant-associated rice-pest Cecidomyiidae Tenthredinidae Pontania Closterocerus Ceranisus Afronympha Ametallon Chrysonotomyia Omphale-genus-group canopy understorey ecological-plasticity Bangladesh Panama Africa New-Zealand Europe Senegal South-Africa Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo Uganda endoparasitoid larval-parasitoid egg-parasitoid host-specificity forest-habitat degraded-habitat mid-altitude-rainforest lowland-rainforest tropical-America classical-biological-control augmentative-biological-control integrated-pest-management rice-hispa Dicladispa-armigera gall-wasp sawfly-gall leafminer ant-symbiosis Formicidae Khaya-senegalensis Ochna-pulchra morphological-taxonomy molecular-taxonomy 28S-rDNA COI CytB new-species-description generic-revision host-range parasitoid-complex food-web ecosystem-service natural-enemy pest-management entomophagous hyperparasitoid inquiline curculionid Apion-minimum Phyllocolpa-leucosticta Chrysocharis Entedon Asecodes Pleurotroppopsis Afrotroppopsis Zaommomentedon Apleurotropis Kratoysma Platocharis Schizocharis Parahorismenus Atullya Tropicharis Chrysochuris cruy mirabilis oryzamyntor eminpashai carinatum dussiae longicaudata machaeriae unimaculata claviger gorgonaense auripunctata galbina laeviscuta phenacapsia cecvora elongata pontaniae heyeri risbeci milletiae newbyi Förster-1856 Chalcidoidea-phylogeny biodiversity species-richness cryptic-species molecular-diagnostics host-plant-association habitat-specificity canopy-fauna understorey-fauna forest-stratification tropical-biodiversity Afrotropical Neotropical Palaearctic Nearctic Oriental Australasian Pacific Holarctic biogeography taxonomic-revision annotated-key catalogue type-specimen museum-collection slide-mounted-specimens morphometrics genitalia wing-venation antennae clypeus mandibles malar-space scape pedicel flagellum gaster vertex suture color-pattern pale-femora dark-gaster sexual-dimorphism male female ovipositor emergence rearing quarantine field-collection foreign-exploration augmentative-release pesticide-resistance sustainable-agriculture food-security rice-production cereal-pest vegetable-pest fruit-pest ornamental-pest forest-pest urban-pest invasive-species native-range introduced-range establishment spread impact non-target-effects host-specificity risk-assessment environmental-safety regulatory-approval research-symposium proceedings peer-reviewed Zootaxa ZooKeys Insect-Systematics-&-Evolution Australian-Journal-of-Entomology Far-Eastern-Entomologist Russian-Entomological-Journal Belgian-Journal-of-Entomology Florida-Entomologist Pan-Pacific-Entomologist Entomological-News Proceedings-of-the-Hawaiian-Entomological-Society Transactions-of-the-American-Entomological-Society Journal-of-Natural-History 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sustainable-intensification agroecology conservation-biological-control habitat-management floral-resources refuge buffer-zone landscape-complexity connectivity spillover natural-enemy-diversity food-web-structure trophic-interactions multitrophic indirect-effects trait-mediated density-dependent inverse-density-dependent functional-response numerical-response searching-efficiency handling-time oviposition-behavior host-selection host-acceptance host-suitability host-quality host-stage-preference egg-load progeny-allocation sex-ratio local-mate-competition sib-mating inbreeding fitness longevity fecundity development-time thermal-requirements degree-days phenology synchrony asynchrony seasonal-adaptation diapause quiescence cold-hardiness heat-tolerance desiccation-resistance starvation-resistance dispersal flight walking foraging patch-use area-restricted-search oviposition-marking host-marking superparasitism multiparasitism intraguild-predation hyperparasitism autoparasitism heteronomous-hyperparasitism facultative-hyperparasitism obligate-hyperparasitism primary-parasitoid secondary-parasitoid tertiary-parasitoid mummy aphid-mummy scale-mummy pupal-parasitoid egg-larval-parasitoid larval-pupal-parasitoid idiobiont koinobiont ectoparasitoid solitary gregarious polyembryony thelytoky arrhenotoky diploid haplodiploid chromosome-number genome-size transcriptome proteome metabolome morphome phenome extended-phenotype niche-construction ecosystem-engineering keystone-species ecosystem-service-provider functional-group guild trophic-level energy-flow nutrient-cycling decomposition predation herbivory parasitism mutualism commensalism competition apparent-competition exploitative-competition interference-competition scramble-competition contest-competition resource-partitioning niche-differentiation character-displacement co-evolution arms-race Red-Queen geographic-mosaic local-adaptation phenotypic-plasticity genetic-adaptation epigenetics transgenerational-effects maternal-effects paternal-effects parental-care mating-system sexual-selection sperm-competition cryptic-female-choice mate-choice lek territory aggression alarm defense venom allomone kairomone synomone semiochemical pheromone trail-pheromone alarm-pheromone aggregation-pheromone sex-pheromone marking-pheromone oviposition-deterrent host-marking-pheromone plant-volatile induced-plant-defense systemic-acquired-resistance induced-systemic-resistance priming volatile-organic-compound green-leaf-volatile terpenoid phenylpropanoid jasmonic-acid salicylic-acid ethylene abscisic-acid gibberellin auxin cytokinin brassinosteroid strigolactone nitric-oxide reactive-oxygen-species hypersensitive-response programmed-cell-death autophagy apoptosis necrosis pathogen-associated-molecular-pattern damage-associated-molecular-pattern pattern-recognition-receptor effector-triggered-immunity gene-for-gene avirulence virulence effector toxin phytotoxin mycotoxin bacterial-toxin viral-toxin insecticidal-protein cry-protein vip-protein cyt-protein spore conidium appressorium haustorium mycelium sclerotium fruiting-body basidiocarp ascocarp perithecium cleistothecium pycnidium acervulus sporodochium symptom sign disease-triangle disease-cycle epidemic endemic pandemic outbreak eradication containment management control prevention forecasting warning-system decision-support-system expert-system model simulation economic-threshold economic-injury-level action-threshold treatment-threshold damage-threshold aesthetic-injury-level cultural-control physical-control mechanical-control chemical-control genetic-control sterile-insect-technique incompatible-insect-technique precision-agriculture site-specific-management variable-rate-application remote-sensing geographic-information-system global-positioning-system unmanned-aerial-vehicle drone sensor imaging spectroscopy machine-learning artificial-intelligence deep-learning neural-network computer-vision image-analysis pattern-recognition classification segmentation detection tracking counting sampling sampling-plan sequential-sampling binomial-sampling presence-absence-sampling fixed-precision-sampling variable-precision-sampling spatial-sampling temporal-sampling stratified-sampling cluster-sampling systematic-sampling random-sampling convenience-sampling judgment-sampling expert-sampling quota-sampling snowball-sampling respondent-driven-sampling capture-recapture mark-recapture mark-resight distance-sampling line-transect point-transect strip-transect plot quadrat pitfall-trap Malaise-trap pan-trap water-pan yellow-pan blue-pan white-pan flight-interception-trap window-trap canopy-fogging beating-tray sweep-net aerial-net ground-net aquatic-net D-vac vacuum-sampler aspirator mouth-aspirator mechanical-aspirator berlese-funnel Tullgren-funnel Winkler-extractor pitfall barber-trap pitfall-array drift-fence funnel-trap light-trap UV-light black-light mercury-vapor sodium-vapor LED actinic color-trap sticky-trap pheromone-trap synthetic-pheromone natural-pheromone kairomone-trap food-bait protein-bait sugar-bait fermentation-bait alcohol-bait vinegar-bait molasses-bait fruit-bait meat-bait fish-bait dung-bait carrion-bait decoy lure attractant repellent deterrent antifeedant oviposition-stimulant arrestant suppressant toxicant stomach-poison contact-poison fumigant systemic translaminar residual persistent non-persistent broad-spectrum narrow-spectrum selective non-selective target-specific host-specific mode-of-action nerve-poison acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor GABA-antagonist sodium-channel-modulator nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptor-agonist ryanodine-receptor-modulator chitin-synthesis-inhibitor juvenile-hormone-mimic ecdysone-agonist microbial-pesticide entomopathogenic-nematode entomopathogenic-fungus entomopathogenic-bacterium entomopathogenic-virus entomopathogenic-protozoa Bacillus-thuringiensis Bt Bacillus-sphaericus Paenibacillus-popilliae Serratia-entomophila Metarhizium-anisopliae Beauveria-bassiana Lecanicillium-lecanii Isaria-fumosorosea Nomuraea-rileyi Hirsutella-thompsonii Entomophthora Neozygites Nosema Vairimorpha Thelohania Anticarsia-gemmatalis-nucleopolyhedrovirus AgMNPV Cydia-pomonella-granulovirus CpGV Spodoptera-exigua-multiple-nucleopolyhedrovirus SeMNPV Autographa-californica-multiple-nucleopolyhedrovirus AcMNPV nucleopolyhedrovirus granulovirus cypovirus entomopoxvirus iridovirus parvovirus tetravirus nodavirus reovirus picornavirus iflavirus densovirus birnavirus totivirus partitivirus hypovirulence mycovirus bacteriophage phage transduction conjugation transformation horizontal-gene-transfer vertical-gene-transfer mobile-genetic-element transposon plasmid integron genomic-island pathogenicity-island symbiosis-island metabolic-island resistance-island virulence-factor antibiotic-resistance insecticide-resistance acaricide-resistance herbicide-resistance fungicide-resistance bactericide-resistance nematicide-resistance molluscicide-resistance rodenticide-resistance resistance-management resistance-monitoring resistance-detection resistance-diagnosis resistance-mechanism metabolic-resistance target-site-resistance penetration-resistance behavioral-resistance cross-resistance multiple-resistance negative-cross-resistance synergism antagonism potentiation safener adjuvant surfactant spreader sticker extender buffer acidifier defoamer drift-retardant rainfastness UV-protectant formulation emulsifiable-concentrate wettable-powder water-dispersible-granule suspension-concentrate capsule-suspension microencapsulation nanotechnology controlled-release slow-release attract-and-kill sterile-insect-release inundative-release inoculative-release conservation augmentation classical neoclassical new-association targeted area-wide suppression protection production integrated-crop-management integrated-production organic-farming biodynamic-farming permaculture agroforestry silvopasture climate-smart-agriculture 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Grapholita
Grapholita is a large genus of tortrix moths comprising approximately 126 recognized species. Established by Georg Friedrich Treitschke in 1829, it serves as the type genus for the tribe Grapholitini within subfamily Olethreutinae. The genus includes several economically significant agricultural pests, notably the Oriental fruit moth (G. molesta), plum moth (G. funebrana), and Eurasian hemp borer (G. delineana), which infest fruits and reproductive structures of host plants. Species delimitation between Grapholita and the related genus Cydia remains under investigation.
agricultural-pest fruit-pest tortricid internal-feeder orchard-pest pheromone-monitoring mating-disruption
Haploa lecontei
Leconte's Haploa Moth, Leconte's haploa
Haploa lecontei, commonly known as Leconte's Haploa Moth, is a species of tiger moth in the family Erebidae. It occurs across eastern and central North America, from Nova Scotia south to Georgia and west to Manitoba and Arkansas. The species was first described by Guérin-Méneville in 1832. Adults have a wingspan of 36–50 mm. The larvae feed on a variety of host plants including apple, blackberry, peach, spearmint, and trembling aspen.
tiger-moth fruit-pest generalist-herbivore North-American-endemic
Holcocera crassicornella
Holcocera crassicornella is a small moth in the family Blastobasidae, described by Dietz in 1910. It is endemic to southern Florida, with forewings measuring 5.5–7.8 mm. The larvae are known to feed on fruit of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) and have also been recorded on red maple (Acer rubrum).
Blastobasidae Florida-endemic fruit-pest loquat
Hoplocampini
Hoplocampini is a tribe of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae, suborder Symphyta. Members are small to medium-sized sawflies, many of which are associated with rosaceous plants. The tribe includes economically significant species that feed on fruits such as apples, pears, and cherries. Adults are generally inconspicuous, while larvae often cause damage to developing fruits or foliage.
Symphyta sawfly orchard-pest Rosaceae fruit-pest temperate agricultural-pest
Lithophane antennata
ashen pinion, green fruitworm
Lithophane antennata is a noctuid moth native to North America. Adults are active during late fall and winter, with larvae feeding on various deciduous trees and shrubs. The species is known by two common names reflecting different aspects of its biology: 'ashen pinion' describes the adult's dull grayish wing coloration, while 'green fruitworm' refers to the larval stage that damages developing fruit. It is assigned MONA/Hodges number 9910.
Noctuidae Lithophane cutworm-moth fruit-pest North-America winter-moth green-fruitworm ashen-pinion MONA-9910
Pandemis pyrusana
apple pandemis, pandemis leafroller moth
Pandemis pyrusana is a tortricid moth native to western North America, commonly known as the apple pandemis or pandemis leafroller moth. It is a significant pest of deciduous fruit trees and ornamental plants, with larvae feeding on leaves by rolling and tying them together. The species has one or two generations per year depending on location, with adults active in late spring and again in autumn in coastal California.
leafroller pest tortricid fruit-pest western-North-America pheromone biological-control
Psallus variabilis
Psallus variabilis is a plant bug in the family Miridae, native to the Palearctic region and adventive in North America. It feeds on sap from diverse woody and herbaceous plants including oaks, fruit trees, and berry bushes. The species has been documented across Europe, parts of Asia, and the northeastern United States.
plant-bug sap-feeder adventive-species forest-insect fruit-pest
Pseudanthonomus validus
currant fruit weevil
Pseudanthonomus validus, the currant fruit weevil, is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America. The common name suggests association with currant plants, though specific host relationships have not been documented in the provided sources.
weevil Curculionidae North-America fruit-pest currants
Rhynchites
Rhynchites is a genus of leaf and bud weevils in the family Attelabidae. Species within this genus are associated with diverse host plants including pears, strawberries, and olives across temperate regions. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests. The genus exhibits characteristic attelabid oviposition behaviors, including stem-cutting to facilitate offspring development.
Attelabidae leaf-weevil bud-weevil agricultural-pest fruit-pest stem-cutting-oviposition
Russellaspis pustulans
oleander pit scale, fig pit scale, Akee Fringed Scale
Russellaspis pustulans, commonly known as the oleander pit scale or fig pit scale, is a parthenogenetic scale insect in the family Asterolecaniidae. It is highly polyphagous, feeding on plants across 69 families with documented preference for fig (Ficus carica) and oleander (Nerium oleander). The species is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, completing 2-3 generations annually depending on environmental conditions. It is recognized as a pest of economic importance on fruit trees and ornamental plants, with feeding activity inducing characteristic pitting and galling on host tissues.
scale-insect pest parthenogenetic polyphagous quarantine-pest indoor-pest tropical subtropical fruit-pest ornamental-pest
Sternochetus
Sternochetus is a genus of weevils in the family Curculionidae, subfamily Cryptorhynchinae. The genus contains at least three described species, including Sternochetus mangiferae (mango seed weevil), Sternochetus frigidus (mango pulp weevil), and Sternochetus olivieri. These species are economically significant pests of mango (Mangifera indica) and related species. Adults are compact weevils with a characteristic habit of pressing their legs to their body and fitting their beak into a ventral groove when disturbed. The genus was established by Pierce in 1917, with some species previously described under Curculio.
Coleoptera Curculionidae Cryptorhynchinae pest mango agriculture quarantine weevil fruit-pest stored-product tropical-agriculture
Thyanta custator custator
Redshouldered stink bug
Thyanta custator custator is a subspecies of redshouldered stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is a plant-feeding pest that attacks developing fruits, vegetables, and seeds, causing blemishes, depressions, and quality degradation. The species is distinguished by a reddish band across the pronotum (shoulders) and is closely related to other Thyanta subspecies that differ in coloration and geographic distribution. It has been documented in Florida and is part of the broader redshouldered stink bug complex that affects agricultural crops in the eastern and midwestern United States.
agricultural-pest pentatomidae stink-bug soybean-pest fruit-pest hemiptera