Predatory
Guides
Ablautus arnaudi
Ablautus arnaudi is a small species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, first described by Wilcox in 1966. Adults measure approximately 6–7 millimeters in length. The species exhibits sand-colored cryptic coloration and displays distinctive sexual dimorphism in facial hair coloration. Males possess bright white facial hairs and engage in elaborate courtship displays involving leg-waving and rocking movements. Like all Asilidae, this species is predatory in both adult and larval stages.
Asilidaerobber-flypredatorysexual-dimorphismcourtshipearly-springsand-coloredcrypticleafhopper-predatormystaxfacial-hair-dimorphismextra-oral-digestionvenomoussit-and-wait-predatorplains-habitatsmall-size6-7-mmwhite-facial-hairs-malegold-facial-hairs-femaleleg-waving-displayrocking-displayWilcox-1966Ablautus-revisionCharlotte-Herbert-AlbertsColoradoeastern-plainsAblautus flavipes
Yellow-legged Prospector
Ablautus flavipes is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, commonly known as the Yellow-legged Prospector. Robber flies are predatory insects known for their aerial hunting abilities. The specific epithet flavipes refers to yellow legs, a characteristic feature of this species.
Ablautus linsleyi
Linsley Prospector
Ablautus linsleyi is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Wilcox in 1966. The genus Ablautus comprises small, sand-colored predatory flies that are often difficult to observe due to their cryptic coloration. Members of this genus are active in spring and are known for elaborate courtship behaviors. The specific epithet honors E. Gorton Linsley, a prominent American coleopterist.
Ablautus rufotibialis
Texas Prospector
Ablautus rufotibialis is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Back in 1909. Like other members of the genus Ablautus, it is a small predatory dipteran. The species epithet 'rufotibialis' refers to reddish coloration on the tibiae. Robber flies in this genus are active in early spring and exhibit distinctive courtship behaviors.
Ablautus trifarius
Loew Prospector
Ablautus trifarius is a small robber fly in the family Asilidae, first described by Loew in 1866. Adults measure approximately 6–7 millimeters and are sand-colored, making them difficult to detect in their natural environment. The species is predatory in both larval and adult stages, preying on insects smaller than themselves such as leafhoppers. Males exhibit distinctive courtship behavior involving aerial displays, leg-waving, and rocking movements.
Ablautus vanduzeei
Spot-winged Prospector
Ablautus vanduzeei is a small species of robber fly (family Asilidae) measuring approximately 6–7 millimeters in length. Adults are sand-colored and somewhat difficult to see, making them cryptic in their preferred open, sandy habitats. Males are slightly smaller and more slender than females, with bright white facial hairs; females have gold or ochre-colored facial hairs. The species is known from 18 observations on iNaturalist and is part of the genus Ablautus, which is currently undergoing taxonomic revision.
Abrolophus
Abrolophus is a genus of predatory mites in the family Erythraeidae, first described by Antonio Berlese in 1891. The genus comprises approximately 120 described species distributed across multiple continents. Species in this genus are free-living and belong to the subfamily Abrolophinae.
Acanthostichus
Acanthostichus is a genus of predatory, subterranean ants in the subfamily Dorylinae. The genus contains 24 described species distributed across the New World from the southern United States to northern Argentina. These ants are rarely encountered due to their underground lifestyle, and many species are known from very few specimens. Species identification relies heavily on petiole morphology.
Acholla
Autumn Assassins
Acholla is a genus of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) in the tribe Harpactorini. Adults are most conspicuous in autumn, though they can be found from July onward in some regions. The genus contains three recognized species: A. multispinosa (widespread in eastern and central North America), A. ampliata (western North America), and A. tabida (California and Mexico). These predatory true bugs are primarily arboreal and associated with woodlands and orchards.
Acholla ampliata
Acholla ampliata is an arboreal assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, distributed across western North America from California to Colorado and south to Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. Adults are most active in autumn, though they can be found from July onward. The species is distinguished from similar assassin bugs by its relatively smooth body lacking prominent leg spines. It preys on caterpillars and other insects associated with trees, including pest species such as the Codling Moth.
Acupalpus hydropicus
Acupalpus hydropicus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. First described by LeConte in 1863, this beetle belongs to the genus Acupalpus, a group of small to medium-sized carabids. The species has been documented in the United States and is known to be predatory.
Aeolothrips collaris
Aeolothrips collaris is a predatory thrips species in the family Aeolothripidae. It occurs across multiple continents including Africa, Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. Like other members of its genus, it is recognized by distinctive wing patterning. The species was described by Priesner in 1919.
Aeolothrips kuwanaii
banded thrips
Aeolothrips kuwanaii is a species of predatory thrips in the family Aeolothripidae, described by Moulton in 1907. It is native to western North America and is characterized by distinctive black-and-white banded wings. As a member of the Aeolothripidae, it is predatory on other small arthropods. The species has been recorded from Arizona, Nevada, Oregon, and Canada.
Agabus
Agabus is a large genus of predatory aquatic beetles in the family Dytiscidae, established by William Elford Leach in 1817. Adults range from 5 to 14 mm in length. The genus has a primarily Holarctic distribution, with limited representation in the Afrotropic and Neotropic realms. Some species are of conservation concern, with A. clypealis, A. discicollis, and A. hozgargantae listed as endangered by the IUCN.
Agabus punctulatus
Agabus punctulatus is a predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It inhabits freshwater environments and is distributed across North America, with records from western Canada including Alberta and British Columbia. As a member of the genus Agabus, it is part of a diverse group of aquatic beetles adapted to life in ponds, lakes, and slow-moving waters.
Agyrtidae
Primitive Carrion Beetles
Agyrtidae is a small family of beetles in the superfamily Staphylinoidea, containing approximately 60 species across three subfamilies: Agyrtinae, Necrophilinae, and Pterolomatinae. Members range from 4–14 mm in length and exhibit diverse ecological habits, with some subfamilies associated with carrion and decaying organic matter while others show predatory or coastal specialized lifestyles. The family has a disjunct distribution in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and New Zealand, with fossil records extending to the Early Cretaceous.
Ammopelmatus kelsoensis
Kelso Dunes Jerusalem Cricket, Kelso Jerusalem cricket
Ammopelmatus kelsoensis is a large, flightless orthopteran insect endemic to the Kelso Dunes of California. It belongs to the family Stenopelmatidae, commonly known as Jerusalem crickets. The species is distinguished from congeners by specific leg spine and spur characteristics, including short, spatulate apical tibial spurs and reduced ventral spines on the fore and hind tibiae. Adults are active in midsummer. The species has been collected exclusively from burrows of Rhachocnemis colonies, where it has been observed preying on nymphs of that genus.
Amphizoa
troutstream beetles
Amphizoa is a monogeneric genus of aquatic beetles, the sole representative of the family Amphizoidae. These beetles are commonly called troutstream beetles due to their association with cold, flowing mountain waters. The genus contains five known species, with three distributed in western North America and two in the eastern Palearctic region (China and North Korea). Adults and larvae are predatory, feeding primarily on stonefly larvae. When disturbed, adults release a yellowish, cantaloupe-scented fluid from the anus as a chemical defense.
Anisolabididae
Anisolabididae is a family of earwigs (order Dermaptera, suborder Neodermaptera) comprising 38 genera across 13 subfamilies. Members include both cosmopolitan and geographically restricted species, with some showing specialized adaptations for subcortical or coastal habitats. Several genera, particularly Euborellia, are recognized for their predatory behavior and potential as biological control agents of agricultural pests. The family exhibits diverse morphologies ranging from typical earwig body plans to dorsoventrally flattened forms adapted for life under bark.
Anystidae
whirligig mites
Anystidae is a family of predatory mites comprising over 100 species, commonly known as whirligig mites. They are active generalist predators found in soils and on vegetation worldwide. The family includes notable genera such as Anystis, Tarsotomus, and Chaussieria. Several species have been investigated for biological control potential against agricultural pests including thrips, aphids, and spider mites.
Apateticus
Apateticus is a genus of predatory stink bugs in the family Pentatomidae, comprising approximately seven described species. Species within this genus are relatively large insects with predatory habits throughout their immature and adult stages. Detailed biological information is available primarily for A. cynicus and A. bracteatus, with limited data on other species. The genus is characterized by specific morphological and chemical traits, including distinctive larval scent glands.
Apsectrotanypus johnsoni
Apsectrotanypus johnsoni is a species of non-biting midge in the family Chironomidae, subfamily Tanypodinae. It was described by Coquillett in 1901. As a member of the tribe Macropelopini, it belongs to a group of predatory midges whose larvae inhabit aquatic environments. The species is documented in the Catalogue of Life and GBIF as an accepted taxon, with 25 observations recorded on iNaturalist.
Asiloidea
asiloid flies
Asiloidea is a large superfamily of true flies (Diptera: Brachycera) with cosmopolitan distribution. It comprises approximately 11 families including the well-known Asilidae (robber/assassin flies), Bombyliidae (bee flies), Therevidae (stiletto flies), Mydidae (mydas flies), and Scenopinidae (window flies). Adult morphology is characterized by antennae with no more than 4 flagellomeres, leg empodium usually setiform or absent, and wing venation featuring an elongate cell cup with vein CuA2 ending freely or meeting A1 near the wing margin. Larval synapomorphies include posterior spiracles arising dorsally from the penultimate abdominal segment and, in most families except Bombyliidae and Hilarimorphidae, a modified cranium forming a hinged metacephalic rod.
DipteraBrachyceraAsiloidearobber-fliesbee-fliesstiletto-fliesmydas-flieswindow-fliescosmopolitanarid-habitatspredatory-larvaeflower-visitorsparasitoidsbiological-controlAsilidaeBombyliidaeTherevidaeMydidaeScenopinidaeApioceridaeApsilocephalidaeApystomyiidaeEvocoidaeHilarimorphidaeMythicomyiidaeProtapioceridaephylogenysystematicsvenomouspredatorymystaxmetacephalic-roddichopticholopticJurassicCretaceoustherevoid-cladeNamib-DesertCanary-IslandsSaudi-ArabiaDominicaChileGermanyfossilcybertaxonomyopen-accessZooKeysBohart-MuseumWorld-Robber-Fly-DayAtlanticus
Eastern Shieldbacks
Atlanticus is a genus of katydids in the family Tettigoniidae, commonly known as eastern shieldbacks. The genus comprises at least 50 described species distributed discontinuously across North America and temperate eastern Asia. These insects belong to the tribe Drymadusini within the subfamily Tettigoniinae. Species in this genus are predatory, possessing enlarged mandibles adapted for capturing and consuming other insects.
Atomosia
Micropanthers
Atomosia is a genus of robber flies (family Asilidae) established by Macquart in 1838. The genus contains at least 60 described species, commonly referred to as "Micropanthers." Members are predatory flies that capture other insects in flight. The genus is distributed in North America, with records from the United States including Vermont.
Atomosia arkansensis
Atomosia arkansensis is a species of robber fly (Asilidae) described by Barnes in 2008. The species name indicates its association with Arkansas, where it was first documented. As a member of the diverse Asilidae family, it is a predatory fly, though specific details of its biology remain limited in published literature.
Atomosia glabrata
Ringed Micropanther
Atomosia glabrata is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, commonly known as the Ringed Micropanther. It is found in the United States and shows a strong ecological association with recently burned prairie habitat. Like other robber flies, it is a predatory insect that captures prey in flight.
Atomosia mucida
Atomosia mucida is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Osten Sacken in 1887. Robber flies in this genus are predatory insects that capture other arthropods in flight. The species belongs to a diverse group of aerial predators within the Diptera.
Atomosia puella
Common Micropanther
Atomosia puella is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, commonly known as the Common Micropanther. Robber flies are predatory dipterans known for their aggressive hunting behavior and distinctive morphology adapted for capturing other insects in flight. The species was originally described by Wiedemann in 1828 under the basionym Laphria puella before being transferred to the genus Atomosia.
Atomosia tibialis
Atomosia tibialis is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, described by Macquart in 1846. Robber flies are predatory dipterans known for their aerial hunting abilities and robust morphology. The specific epithet "tibialis" suggests a distinctive characteristic of the tibiae (leg segments), though the precise nature of this trait requires original description examination. As a member of the genus Atomosia, this species belongs to a group of relatively small to medium-sized asilids.
Atrachelus
Atrachelus is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, comprising at least two described species: A. cinereus and A. mucosus. The genus is found in the Americas and belongs to the subfamily Harpactorinae, a diverse group of predatory true bugs. Species in this genus share the general characteristics of harpactorine assassin bugs but specific diagnostic features remain poorly documented in available literature.
Atractotomus
Atractotomus is a genus of predatory plant bugs in the family Miridae. Species in this genus are primarily found in Europe, with some species established in North America. At least one species, A. mali, exhibits zoophytophagous feeding behavior and has become a recognized pest in apple orchards.
Atrichomelina pubera
Atrichomelina pubera is a sciomyzid fly whose larvae are aquatic or semi-aquatic predators of freshwater snails. The species has been successfully reared in laboratory conditions, enabling documentation of its complete immature stages and feeding behavior. Its biology was formally described in a 1960 study focusing on life history and developmental morphology.
Barce fraterna
Barce fraterna is a thread-legged bug (subfamily Emesinae) in the assassin bug family Reduviidae. The species has a broad distribution spanning the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America, including the Galápagos Islands. Three subspecies are recognized: B. f. annulipes, B. f. banksii, and the nominate B. f. fraterna. Like other emesines, it possesses the characteristic elongated, slender legs adapted for predation on other arthropods.
Bembicina
sand wasps
Bembicina is a subtribe of sand wasps within the tribe Bembicini, family Crabronidae. Members are characterized by rapid, agile flight and nesting behavior in sandy substrates. They are predatory wasps that provision nests with paralyzed prey, primarily small flies. The subtribe includes the well-known genus Bembix, which is common in North America.
Benacus
Benacus is a genus of giant water bugs in the family Belostomatidae, subfamily Lethocerinae. The genus was established by Stål in 1861 and contains species of large aquatic predatory insects. Spermatogenesis has been studied cytologically in Benacus griseus, revealing 28 spermatogonial chromosomes and distinct cytoplasmic inclusions including chondriosomes and Golgi bodies during sperm development.
Berytidae
stilt bugs, thread bugs
Berytidae, commonly known as stilt bugs or thread bugs, is a family of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) characterized by exceptionally long, slender legs and elongated bodies. The family contains approximately 200 species worldwide, classified into three subfamilies: Berytinae, Gampsocorinae, and Metacanthinae. Members range from 3-10 mm in length and display coloration from brown to yellow. While most species are phytophagous, feeding on plant sap, some exhibit predatory behavior on small insects. Several species are economically significant as pests of cultivated crops, particularly tomatoes and tobacco, where feeding damage can cause flower abortion, fruit distortion, and unsalable produce.
Bezzia nobilis
Bezzia nobilis is a biting midge in the family Ceratopogonidae, widely considered one of the most common species in the genus Bezzia. It has a notably broad geographic distribution spanning Eurasia, North America, Central America, and South America. Adults are distinguished by black and yellow banded legs, while larvae and pupae have characteristic coloration and morphological features. The species is predatory, with larvae feeding on immobile prey including dead insects, bacteria, and protozoa.
Bittacus occidentis
Western Hangingfly
Bittacus occidentis is a species of hangingfly in the family Bittacidae, first described by Francis Walker in 1853. Hangingflies are predatory insects characterized by their distinctive habit of hanging from vegetation using their elongated forelegs. This species occurs in North America. Members of the genus Bittacus are recognized for their elongated bodies and two pairs of membranous wings.
Brochymena myops
rough stink bug, tree stink bug
Brochymena myops is a species of rough stink bug native to North America, belonging to the genus Brochymena commonly known as "tree stink bugs" for their bark-like camouflage. The species ranges from Quebec to Florida and westward through the central United States to Texas. Adults are active during warm periods throughout the year, including winter sunny days, and are frequently mistaken for the invasive brown marmorated stink bug. Like other Brochymena species, B. myops is not considered an agricultural or household pest.
stink-bugnativepredatorypine-forestcamouflagewinter-activenon-pestrough-stink-bugtree-stink-bugHemipteraPentatomidaeBrochymenaNorth-Americacentral-United-Statessoutheastern-United-Statesconifer-associatedbark-mimicryoverwintering-adultsingle-generationdecaying-wood-inhabitantbeneficial-insectHalyiniStål-1872Heteropteratrue-bugCafius
coastal rove beetles
Cafius is a genus of relatively large rove beetles in the family Staphylinidae, comprising approximately 8 described species in North America and approaching 50 globally. The genus originated in the early Miocene (ca. 17.91 Ma) along the coasts of Europe and Australia, with subsequent diversification driven by transoceanic dispersal via ocean surface currents. Species are obligate inhabitants of coastal marine environments, particularly sandy intertidal zones. The genus is notable for its global distribution across temperate and tropical coastlines and its biological adaptations to saline, dynamic shoreline habitats.
Calosoma externum
Narrow Searcher Beetle, Churchyard Caterpillar Hunter
Calosoma externum is a large predatory ground beetle in the family Carabidae, commonly known as the narrow searcher beetle or churchyard caterpillar hunter. First described by Thomas Say in 1823, this species is notable for its arboreal hunting behavior, ascending trees to prey on caterpillars. Adults reach 28–35 mm in length and are distinguished by their black bodies with bluish marginal reflections. The species occurs across much of the United States and into southern Canada.
Calyptostomatidae
Calyptostomatidae is a small family of predatory mites in the order Trombidiformes. The family contains at least two genera, Calyptostoma and Smaris, with approximately six described species. These mites are placed in the superfamily Calyptostomatoidea within the suborder Prostigmata. They are relatively poorly studied compared to many other mite families.
Camerobiidae
Camerobiidae is a family of prostigmatan mites within the superfamily Raphignathoidea, characterized by distinctly long and slender stilt-like legs. The family includes several genera, notably Camerobia, Neophyllobius, and Tycherobius, with species recorded from Australia, Türkiye, and fossil deposits in Eocene Baltic amber. These mites are associated with aboveground vegetation and various litter habitats. The fossil record was previously limited to a single species but has been expanded with recent descriptions of additional fossil taxa.
Cerapachyini
Cerapachyini is a tribe of ants within the subfamily Dorylinae, historically classified under Ponerinae. Members of this tribe are specialized predators known for raiding behavior. Some genera, such as Sphinctomyrmex, exhibit functional polygyny with multiple egg-laying queens coexisting without conflict, and display brood periodicity with synchronized brood development cycles. The tribe has undergone taxonomic revision, with current classification placing it within Dorylinae rather than Ponerinae.
Ceratocombidae
minute litter bugs
Ceratocombidae is a family of minute litter bugs in the order Hemiptera, classified within the infraorder Dipsocoromorpha and superfamily Dipsocoroidea. The family comprises at least three genera—Astemma, Ceratocombus, and Leptonannus—with approximately 20 described species. Members are small, cryptic insects associated with decomposing organic matter in forest habitats. Their diversity is greatest in the Indo-Pacific region, though species occur across North America, Europe, Madagascar, and the Oriental region.
Cercopagididae
Cercopagididae is a family of predatory branchiopod crustaceans in the order Onychopoda. Members are planktonic water fleas characterized by specialized predatory adaptations including modified thoracopods and distinctive labral morphology. The family includes notable invasive species such as Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny water flea) and Cercopagis pengoi (fishhook water flea), which have been introduced to North America and pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems. Native to the Palearctic, several species have expanded their ranges through human-mediated dispersal.
Chaoboridae
phantom midges, glassworms
Chaoboridae, known as phantom midges or glassworms, is a family of aquatic midges with cosmopolitan distribution. The family comprises approximately 55–90 species across six genera, including the widespread Chaoborus and the endemic Australian genera Promochlonyx and Australomochlonyx. Adults are delicate, chironomid-like flies distinguished by wing venation and plumose male antennae. Larvae are nearly transparent aquatic predators with modified raptorial antennae used to capture prey.
Chauliognathus profundus
Chauliognathus profundus is a soldier beetle (family Cantharidae) distributed across Central and North America. It has been documented in the southwestern United States, particularly in Arizona, where it occurs in montane and canyon habitats. The species has been observed feeding on other insects, including predation on conspecifics and related cantharid species.
Chiloxanthus stellatus
shore bug
Chiloxanthus stellatus is a predatory shore bug in the family Saldidae, distributed across Arctic and temperate regions of Europe, Northern Asia, and North America. The species inhabits moist tundra and shoreline habitats, functioning as an arthropod predator in these ecosystems. Research in Arctic Alaska has documented its population density and habitat distribution patterns in tundra environments.
Chrysopilus
snipe flies
Chrysopilus is a diverse genus of snipe flies in the family Rhagionidae, comprising approximately 300 species with worldwide distribution across all biogeographical regions. The genus includes both extant and fossil species, with some fossil members preserved in amber. Several species exhibit metallic scaling on the exoskeleton, giving adults a distinctive appearance. Larval development occurs in moist, decaying organic substrates including rotting wood and damp soil.
Cicindela columbica
Columbia River tiger beetle
Cicindela columbica is a tiger beetle endemic to Idaho, United States, known as the Columbia River tiger beetle. The species is critically endangered, with its range now restricted to the Lower Salmon River system following extirpation from Oregon and Washington due to dam construction on the Columbia River. It inhabits sand bars and river beaches where it hunts smaller arthropods.
Clarkhydrus
Clarkhydrus is a genus of diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae, established in 2018 by Fery & Ribera. The genus was erected to accommodate species previously placed in related genera within the subtribe Deronectina. As a member of the subfamily Hydroporinae, these beetles are small to medium-sized aquatic predators. The genus is relatively recently described, and research on its species-level diversity and ecology is ongoing.
Cleroidea
Bark-gnawing, Checkered, and Soft-winged Flower Beetles
Cleroidea is a superfamily of beetles comprising over 10,000 species across approximately 24 families. Members are generally slender with soft, flexible elytra and typically bear hairy or scaly integuments. The superfamily exhibits diverse feeding strategies: predation (Cleridae, Trogossitinae), pollen/nectar consumption (melyrid lineage), and fungivory (many Trogossitidae and smaller families). Aposematic coloration occurs in some groups, particularly Cleridae and Malachiinae, mimicking unpalatable arthropods such as blister beetles, net-winged beetles, and stinging Hymenoptera.
Condylostylus banksii
Condylostylus banksii is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae, first described by Van Duzee in 1914. Like other members of its genus, it is a small, predatory fly typically found in sunny, vegetated habitats. The species exhibits the family's characteristic metallic coloration and elongated legs. Species-level identification within Condylostylus generally requires examination of male genitalia.
Condylostylus nigrofemoratus
longlegged fly
Condylostylus nigrofemoratus is a species of longlegged fly in the family Dolichopodidae, characterized by its predatory behavior and typical dolichopodid morphology. Members of this genus are commonly encountered in gardens and along forest edges. The species was described by Walker in 1849. Like other dolichopodids, it is a small, agile predator of other small insects.
Condylostylus tonsus
long-legged fly
Condylostylus tonsus is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae, characterized by metallic coloration and elongated legs. Like other members of its genus, it is a predatory fly active in sunny habitats. Species identification within Condylostylus generally requires examination of male genitalia.
Cophura vandykei
Cophura vandykei is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, described by Wilcox in 1965. It belongs to the subfamily Brachyrhopalinae. Robber flies are predatory dipterans known for their agile flight and ability to capture other insects in mid-air. The species epithet honors the entomologist H.H. Van Dyke.
Crematogaster
Acrobat Ants, Cocktail Ants, Saint Valentine Ants
Crematogaster is a large, ecologically diverse genus of ants with over 520 described species distributed worldwide. The genus is characterized by a distinctive heart-shaped gaster that can be raised forward over the thorax and head when alarmed, a behavior that has earned them the common names "cocktail ants" and "acrobat ants." Most species are arboreal, though some are ground-nesting. They exhibit complex social behaviors including cooperative hunting, trail-based recruitment, and defensive venom spraying.
Cucujidae
flat bark beetles
The Cucujidae are a family of beetles characterized by strongly flattened bodies adapted for living under bark. The family contains approximately 70 species in five genera, distributed worldwide except Africa and Antarctica. Members are primarily found in subcortical habitats on dead trees, where both larvae and adults are predatory. Some species exhibit remarkable physiological adaptations, including extreme freezing tolerance in arctic populations.
Curicta
water scorpion
Curicta is a genus of aquatic insects in the family Nepidae, commonly known as water scorpions. Members of this genus are predatory true bugs found in freshwater habitats. The genus was established by Stål in 1861 and is placed in the tribe Curictini within the subfamily Nepinae. Curicta scorpio is one documented species, with records extending from Central to South America.
Cybister
Giant Diving Beetles
Cybister is a genus of large predaceous diving beetles (Dytiscidae) distributed across all continents except Antarctica. Adults range up to 43 mm in length, with some species among the largest diving beetles. The genus comprises approximately 98 species organized into four subgenera. Both adults and larvae are aquatic predators, with larvae of some species known to prey on vertebrates including tadpoles and small fish.
Cyrtopogon callipedilus
Cyrtopogon callipedilus is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, described by Loew in 1874. As a member of the genus Cyrtopogon, it belongs to a group of predatory flies characterized by their distinctive hunting behavior and morphology. The species has been documented in the western United States, with observations recorded in Colorado. Like other robber flies, it is presumed to be an aerial predator of other insects.
Cyrtopogon leptotarsus
Cyrtopogon leptotarsus is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) first described by Curran in 1923. The genus Cyrtopogon comprises small to medium-sized robber flies commonly found in North America. Like other members of the family, this species is likely predatory, though specific behavioral and ecological details remain poorly documented. The species has been recorded from limited observations, with only four documented occurrences on iNaturalist as of the available data.
Cyrtopogon longimanus
Cyrtopogon longimanus is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Loew in 1874. The genus Cyrtopogon belongs to the diverse asilid fauna of North America. Robber flies in this genus are predatory insects that hunt other arthropods. The specific epithet 'longimanus' refers to long forelegs, a trait that may relate to prey capture or perching behavior.
Cyrtopogon marginalis
Shiny-edged Bandit
Cyrtopogon marginalis is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae), commonly known as the Shiny-edged Bandit. Robber flies are predatory insects that capture other arthropods in flight. This species belongs to the genus Cyrtopogon, a group of robber flies found primarily in North America. The specific epithet 'marginalis' likely refers to distinctive marginal markings on the wings or body edges, a common naming pattern in this genus.
Cyrtopogon sabroskyi
Cyrtopogon sabroskyi is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, described by Lavigne and Bullington in 1981. The genus Cyrtopogon comprises predatory flies that hunt other insects in flight. This species is part of a diverse assemblage of robber flies in western North America.
Cyta
snout mites
Cyta is a genus of snout mites in the family Bdellidae, comprising approximately 15 described species. These mites belong to the order Trombidiformes and are characterized by their distinctive elongated snout-like mouthparts. They are predatory mites found in various terrestrial habitats across northern Europe and the British Isles.
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini is a tribe of predatory plant bugs within the family Miridae, containing at least 19 genera and over 340 described species. Members of this tribe are generally small, soft-bodied true bugs. The tribe is distributed across multiple continents, with documented species in regions including Indochina, Europe, and North America. Some species have been observed in specialized microhabitats such as leaf galls.
Deraeocoris
Deraeocoris is a genus of predatory plant bugs in the family Miridae, comprising at least 210 described species. Members of this genus are recognized as important biological control agents in agricultural and horticultural systems, feeding on pest arthropods including mites, aphids, and psyllids. Several species have been documented in orchard ecosystems, particularly in apple and pear production. The genus exhibits variation in host plant associations and developmental rates depending on substrate and prey availability.
Dermaptera
Earwigs
Earwigs comprise the insect order Dermaptera, with approximately 2,000 species in 12 families. They are distinguished by forceps-like cerci at the abdomen tip and hindwings folded beneath short forewings, giving rise to the order name meaning 'skin wings.' Most species are nocturnal, hiding in dark moist places during daylight. While some groups are tiny parasites lacking typical pincers, the majority are free-living and found on all continents except Antarctica.
Dicranota
Dicranota is a genus of crane flies (Diptera: Pediciidae) established by Zetterstedt in 1838. The genus contains multiple subgenera, including Eudicranota and Rhaphidolabis. Species occur across the Northern Hemisphere, with documented records from Europe, Korea, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. Larvae are aquatic and predatory, inhabiting cold, clean streams and springs.
Dinothrombium
Giant Velvet Mites, Red Velvet Mites
Dinothrombium is a genus of large predatory mites in the family Trombidiidae, commonly called giant velvet mites. Adults are among the largest mites in the world, with some species reaching 12–14 mm in body length. They are fossorial, spending most of their lives underground in soil or sand, and emerge only after heavy rainfall. Their bright red coloration appears to serve an aposematic function, warning predators of their chemical defenses.
Dolania americana
American Sand-burrowing Mayfly
Dolania americana is a predacious, sand-burrowing mayfly and the sole species in the genus Dolania. Adults exhibit an exceptionally brief lifespan, emerging before dawn, mating, and dying within approximately thirty minutes. Females deposit eggs in water and die within five minutes of emergence, representing the shortest known adult lifespan among mayflies. The species has a two-year life cycle with synchronous mass emergence and specialized reproductive adaptations including large, energy-rich eggs that produce unusually large first-instar larvae.
Dolichopus
long-legged flies
Dolichopus is the largest genus in the family Dolichopodidae, comprising over 600 species worldwide. Adults are small flies, typically less than 8 mm in length, with nearly all species exhibiting metallic greenish-blue to greenish-bronze coloration. The genus name derives from Greek words meaning 'long foot,' referring to the elongated legs characteristic of its species. Members of this genus are predatory on other small insects and display complex courtship behaviors involving specialized leg ornaments in males.
Dolichopus albiciliatus
Dolichopus albiciliatus is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae, first described by Loew in 1862. Members of the genus Dolichopus are characterized by elongated legs and often metallic coloration. As with other dolichopodids, adults are predatory on small insects.
Dolichopus brevimanus
A species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae, characterized by relatively short male fore tarsi compared to other Dolichopus species. The specific epithet "brevimanus" (short-handed) refers to this reduced ornamentation on the male front feet. Like other members of its genus, it is predatory on small insects. Species identification in Dolichopus generally requires examination of male genitalia.
Dolichopus funditor
Dolichopus funditor is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae, first described by Loew in 1861. Members of this genus are known for their elongated legs, metallic coloration, and predatory habits. Males possess specialized scales on the front tarsi that function in courtship displays. Like other dolichopodids, this species likely inhabits moist environments and exhibits rapid, agile movement.
Dolichopus setifer
Dolichopus setifer is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae, described by Loew in 1861. As a member of the genus Dolichopus, it shares traits with other species in this group, including elongated legs and predatory habits. Adults are typically found in moist habitats near water. The species has been documented in 46 iNaturalist observations, indicating it is encountered with moderate frequency by naturalists.
Downeshelea
Downeshelea is a genus of predaceous biting midges in the family Ceratopogonidae, tribe Ceratopogonini. The genus was established by Wirth and Grogan based on the Monohelea multilineata species group and currently comprises over 60 species worldwide, with approximately 46 species in the Neotropics. Adult females are predatory, feeding primarily on adult Chironomidae, and may contribute to biological control of pest populations in agricultural settings.
Dromius
Dromius is a genus of small arboreal ground beetles in the family Carabidae, comprising approximately 108 species distributed across the Palearctic, Nearctic, Near East, and North Africa. Members of this genus are characterized by their tree-dwelling habits, inhabiting trunks and bark of deciduous and coniferous trees rather than ground-level environments. The genus includes the well-studied species Dromius quadrimaculatus, known as the Great Four-spot Treerunner, which has served as a model for understanding canopy-dwelling carabid ecology.
Ectatomminae
Ectaheteromorph Ants
Ectatomminae is a subfamily of ants established in 2003 when Barry Bolton divided the former Ponerinae into six subfamilies. It currently comprises two tribes (Ectatommini and Heteroponerini) with approximately 13 extant genera and three extinct genera. The subfamily was further consolidated in 2022 when Heteroponerinae was merged into Ectatomminae, and this taxonomic position was upheld by genomic reanalysis in 2024. Members are primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in the Neotropics.
Efferia aestuans
Northeastern Hammertail
Efferia aestuans is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) native to eastern North America. It is one of the more commonly encountered members of the genus Efferia in its range. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in body size, with females larger than males. Originally described by Linnaeus in 1763 as Asilus aestuans, it has undergone several taxonomic revisions before its current placement in Efferia.
Efferia tricella
Silver Hammertail
Efferia tricella is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, commonly known as the Silver Hammertail. Robber flies in the genus Efferia are predatory insects known for their robust build, large eyes, and aggressive hunting behavior. The species was described by Bromley in 1951. Like other Asilidae, it is presumed to be an aerial predator that captures other insects in flight.
Elytroleptus apicalis
Elytroleptus apicalis is a longhorned beetle species in the family Cerambycidae, described by LeConte in 1884. The species is a documented lycid beetle mimic and has been recorded as predaceous on its own lycid models (family Lycidae), making it one of only three Elytroleptus species known to exhibit this behavior. The genus Elytroleptus contains fifteen species distributed across the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America.
Emesa
thread-legged bugs
Emesa is a small genus of thread-legged bugs (subfamily Emesinae) in the assassin bug family Reduviidae. The genus was established by Fabricius in 1803 and contains only four described species. Members of this genus share the characteristic elongated, slender bodies and extremely long legs typical of Emesinae.
Empicoris culiciformis
thread-legged assassin bug
Empicoris culiciformis is a predatory true bug in the family Reduviidae, characterized by its delicate build and raptorial forelegs. The species has a Holarctic distribution spanning Europe, the Palearctic, North Africa, and North America. It is rarely encountered due to its cryptic lifestyle in concealed habitats.
Empicoris winnemana
thread-legged bug
Empicoris winnemana is a species of thread-legged assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, described by McAtee & Malloch in 1925. It is native to North America. Like other members of the genus Empicoris, it is characterized by exceptionally slender, elongated legs adapted for predation on small insects. The species is poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited observational records.
Eremocosta striata
windscorpion
Eremocosta striata is a species of solifuge (windscorpion) in the family Eremobatidae. Like other solifuges, it is a fast-moving, predatory arachnid with large chelicerae. The species has been recorded from both North America and Middle America. Windscorpions are not true scorpions and lack a stinger; they are also not spiders, though they share the class Arachnida with both groups.
Eremothera sculpturata
windscorpion, sun spider, camel spider
Eremothera sculpturata is a species of solifuge (windscorpion) in the family Eremobatidae, described by Muma in 1951. It belongs to a group of arachnids commonly known as windscorpions, sun spiders, or camel spiders—fast-moving, predatory arachnids that are not true scorpions despite their common name. The species is part of the North American fauna of solifuges, which are primarily nocturnal and adapted to arid and semi-arid environments.
Erythrothrips
Erythrothrips is a genus of predatory thrips in the family Aeolothripidae, established by Moulton in 1911. The genus contains approximately 11 described species distributed primarily in the Americas, with species recorded from the southwestern United States through Mexico to Brazil. Members of this genus are predatory, placing them among the beneficial thrips that contribute to biological control of pest insects.
Erythrothrips keeni
Erythrothrips keeni is a predatory thrips species in the family Aeolothripidae, described by Moulton in 1929. As a member of Aeolothripidae, it belongs to a family characterized by predatory feeding habits. The species is known from North America, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. Only two observations are recorded in iNaturalist, indicating it is rarely encountered or underreported.
Eucyrtopogon diversipilosis
Eucyrtopogon diversipilosis is a species of robber fly (Asilidae) described by Curran in 1923. The genus Eucyrtopogon contains small to medium-sized predatory flies that can be confused with the related genus Comantella, with which they share similar habitats and seasonal patterns. Very little specific information has been published regarding the biology or ecology of this particular species.
Asilidaerobber-flypredatorDipteraNorth-AmericaEucyrtopogoninsectflyCurran-1923diversipilosisdiverse-hairstibia-spurComantellaidentificationantennal-segmentshair-colorationsmall-to-mediumpredatorysimilar-generaconfusiontaxonomyrevision-neededseasonal-activityspringfallearlylateoverwinteringadultsgroundbare-soilopen-fieldshumpbackedprofilemarch-flyBibionidaeasilidmatingwolf-spiderPardosapreyspiderBritish-ColumbiaNevadaUtahIdahoCaliforniaColoradoNew-MexicoAlbertaFront-Rangeeastern-ColoradoColorado-SpringsPortaleseastern-New-Mexicowestern-North-Americachecklistrevisionterminal-stylethird-antennal-segmentmaneMohawkthoraxlegs10-15-mmprotected-placesoverwinterbiology-unknownsuspectedobservedCanningsColeDennisLavigneKnutsonBarnesHullJamesBarrStephensNelsonBug-EricFly-Day-FridayMarch-12November-29201120132017iNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-Lifeacceptedexact-match1-observationsparse-datainferred-contentconservativefactualclarityusefulnesscautious-languagehas-been-observedis-known-tonullunknownnot-clearly-supporteddo-not-inferdo-not-fabricatedo-not-repeatunique-contentnon-overlappingdirect-sentencesconcrete-statementshigh-level-overviewphysical-descriptiondistinguishenvironmentconditionsgeographic-rangetimingfeeding-habitsdevelopmental-stagesnotable-actionsecosystem-roleinteraction-with-humansmeaningfulimportant-additional-contextcleardirectavoid-fluffavoid-filleravoid-repeating-taxonomyavoid-technical-jargonconcretewell-supportedpartial-but-reliablestrictly-matchJSON-schemano-extra-fieldsno-commentaryentomology-guideaccurateinformativefactual-correctnesscompletenessverbosityspeculationjustifiedvague-generalizationslike-most-insectstypically-feeds-on-plantsbehaviorsdietlife-cycle-detailshost-relationshipshighmediumlowtruefalse3-5-sentencesonlyhow-to-distinguishmust-include-reasononly-if-meaningfulonly-for-important-additional-contextavoid-overly-technical-jargonEudioctria monrovia
Eudioctria monrovia is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae, subfamily Stenopogoninae) described by Wilcox and Martin in 1941. The genus Eudioctria comprises some of the smallest North American robber flies, with adults measuring only 6–8 mm in length. Species in this genus are primarily western in distribution, though a few species extend into eastern North America. Like other robber flies, members of this genus are predatory as adults.
Eupodoidea
Eupodoidea is a superfamily of soft-bodied mites in the order Trombidiformes, comprising approximately nine families and over 160 described species. These mites are primarily terrestrial and occur across diverse environments from temperate grasslands to polar regions. The superfamily exhibits varied feeding strategies, including fungivory, phytophagy, and predation. Some species are economically significant as agricultural pests.
Euthyrhynchus floridanus
Florida predatory stink bug
Euthyrhynchus floridanus, commonly known as the Florida predatory stink bug, is a carnivorous shield bug in the family Pentatomidae and the sole species in its genus. Native to tropical and semi-tropical regions of the Americas, it has expanded its range northward in recent decades due to climate warming. This beneficial insect is a generalist predator that feeds on numerous agricultural and garden pests, including caterpillars, beetle larvae, and other stink bugs. Its distinctive orange and black coloration makes it easily recognizable among predatory true bugs.
Gerromorpha
semiaquatic bugs, shore-inhabiting bugs, water striders, water measurers, velvet water bugs, water treaders, riffle bugs
Gerromorpha is an infraorder of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) comprising approximately eight families in four superfamilies. Members are commonly called semiaquatic or shore-inhabiting bugs, though many species are specifically adapted to exploit the water surface film. The group includes well-known taxa such as Gerridae (water striders), Hydrometridae (water measurers), Hebridae (velvet bugs), and Veliidae (riffle bugs). Gerromorphans are distributed globally and are frequently used as bioindicators of aquatic habitat quality.
Ghinallelia productilis
Ghinallelia productilis is a thread-legged bug in the assassin bug family Reduviidae, first described by Barber in 1914. The species belongs to the subfamily Emesinae, a group characterized by slender, elongated bodies and raptorial forelegs adapted for predation. It has been documented in the Caribbean and North America. Like other emesine reduviids, it likely occupies vegetation where it hunts small arthropod prey.
Gosibius intermedius
Gosibius intermedius is a centipede species in the family Lithobiidae, first described by Chamberlin in 1917. It belongs to the order Lithobiomorpha, a group commonly known as stone centipedes or lithobiomorphs. The species has been recorded from California, USA, with 36 observations documented on iNaturalist. As with other lithobiid centipedes, it is likely a predatory soil-dwelling arthropod, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Haplopoda
Haplopoda is an infraorder of branchiopod crustaceans within the order Diplostraca. It contains the single extant family Leptodoridae, represented by the genus Leptodora, commonly known as the water flea Leptodora kindtii. This group is notable for being among the largest predatory cladocerans. The infraorder is now treated as a synonym of Onychopoda in many modern classifications.
Harpactus
Snatching Sand Wasps
Harpactus is a genus of solitary hunting wasps in the family Crabronidae, commonly known as Snatching Sand Wasps. These wasps are part of the tribe Bembicini (or Gorytini in some classifications) and are known for their ground-nesting behavior and predatory habits. The genus was established by Shuckard in 1837 and includes multiple described species.
Hebridae
Velvet Water Bugs
Hebridae, known as velvet water bugs, is a small family of semiaquatic Heteroptera within the infraorder Gerromorpha. The family comprises approximately 220 species in 9 genera and 2 subfamilies, distributed worldwide. Members are characterized by their small size, plump body form, and dense covering of setae that gives them a velvety appearance. They inhabit humid terrestrial and marginal freshwater habitats, including mossy areas, pond margins, and stream banks with abundant vegetation.
Hebroidea
Velvet Water Bugs
Hebroidea is a superfamily of Heteroptera (true bugs) established by Amyot & Serville in 1843, containing the family Hebridae. Members are known as velvet water bugs and represent the smallest group within the infraorder Gerromorpha. They inhabit semiaquatic environments with dense vegetation.
Hesperoperla hoguei
Banded Stone
Hesperoperla hoguei is a species of stonefly in the family Perlidae, commonly known as the banded stone. It is a member of the subfamily Acroneuriinae, a group of predatory stoneflies often associated with flowing freshwater habitats. The species was described by Baumann and Stark in 1980 and is known from western North America, particularly California. As with other perlid stoneflies, it likely inhabits cool, well-oxygenated streams.
Heteromyiini
Heteromyiini is a tribe of predatory biting midges within the family Ceratopogonidae, comprising approximately 5 genera and 16 described species. Members are known to be insectivorous, feeding on other small arthropods. The tribe has been documented in Australia and New Guinea, with recent taxonomic revisions significantly expanding the known fauna. The group includes genera such as Heteromyia, Clinohelea, Neurobezzia, Neurohelea, and Pellucidomyia.
Heteropterna cressoni
Heteropterna cressoni is a species of predatory fungus gnat in the family Keroplatidae. The family Keroplatidae comprises small to medium-sized flies, many of which have predatory larvae that inhabit moist environments such as fungi, decaying wood, or caves. As a predatory fungus gnat, this species likely has larvae that feed on other small invertebrates within these habitats. The species was described by Fisher in 1941.
Histeridae
clown beetles, hister beetles
Histeridae is a cosmopolitan family of predatory beetles containing more than 410 genera and 4,800 described species worldwide. Members are commonly known as clown beetles or hister beetles. They are immediately recognizable by their shortened elytra that leave two abdominal tergites exposed, and their elbowed antennae with clubbed, lamellate ends. The family exhibits remarkable ecological diversity, with species occupying niches ranging from carrion and dung to ant and termite colonies, forest litter, and tree bark. Their predatory habits on fly larvae and other arthropods have made them valuable for biological control and forensic entomology.
Hoplistoscelis
damsel bugs
Hoplistoscelis is a genus of damsel bugs in the family Nabidae, first described by Reuter in 1890. The genus contains approximately eight described species distributed in North America. Members of this genus are small predatory true bugs, typically nocturnal hunters that prey on other insects. They are economically significant as natural pest control agents in agricultural systems.
Hybotidae
typical dance flies, hybotid dance flies
Hybotidae is a family of small predatory flies within the superfamily Empidoidea, comprising over 1,600 described species worldwide. Formerly treated as a subfamily of Empididae, Hybotidae is now recognized as a distinct family based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Adults are generally predatory on small invertebrates, while larvae occupy diverse microhabitats including leaf litter, dung, fungi, roots, and aquatic or semiaquatic environments. The family exhibits notable morphological diversity, with some species displaying specialized leg modifications for prey capture and mating.
Hydaticus
Hydaticus is a genus of predatory diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae, comprising approximately 150 described species and 12 subspecies arranged in two subgenera: Hydaticus and Prodaticus. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution spanning the Palearctic, Afrotropical, Nearctic, and Oriental regions. Members are aquatic predators found in freshwater habitats including streams, pools, and lentic environments.
Hydaticus rimosus
Hydaticus rimosus is a diving beetle species in the family Dytiscidae, first described by Aubé in 1838. The species belongs to the genus Hydaticus, a group of predatory aquatic beetles commonly found in freshwater habitats. It occurs in the Caribbean and Middle America based on documented distribution records.
Hydrometridae
marsh treaders, water measurers
Hydrometridae is a family of semiaquatic true bugs comprising over 147 species across seven genera and three subfamilies. Members are characterized by extremely elongated, slender bodies and heads that give them a measuring-stick appearance. They inhabit water surface margins of lakes, ponds, and wetlands worldwide, with greatest diversity in tropical regions. Some lineages have independently evolved terrestrial habits in insular Pacific habitats.
Hydroporinae
Hydroporinae is a large subfamily of predaceous diving beetles (family Dytiscidae) containing at least 2,200 described species. Members are primarily aquatic, inhabiting diverse freshwater habitats from lentic pools to lotic streams across all continents except Antarctica. The subfamily exhibits remarkable diversity in body size, with some species among the smallest diving beetles known. Many species are habitat specialists, including stygobiont forms adapted to subterranean waters.
Hydrotaea floccosa
Hydrotaea floccosa is a species of muscid fly in the family Muscidae, described by Macquart in 1835. It belongs to a genus whose larvae are known to be predatory on other fly larvae in manure habitats, particularly horn fly larvae. The species has been recorded in Europe, with confirmed presence in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Available information on this specific species is limited, with most ecological knowledge inferred from the genus level.
Hydryphantoidea
Hydryphantoidea is a superfamily of prostigmatan mites within Trombidiformes, comprising approximately 250 described species across six families. Members are predominantly aquatic or semiaquatic, inhabiting freshwater habitats worldwide. The group includes the families Hydryphantidae, Hydrodromidae, Rhynchohydracaridae, Thermacaridae, Ctenothyadidae, and Teratothyadidae.
Itolia atripes
Itolia atripes is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Wilcox in 1949. As a member of this predatory fly family, it likely exhibits the characteristic hunting behavior and morphological adaptations typical of Asilidae. The species is placed in the genus Itolia, a relatively small and poorly documented group within the robber flies.
Keroplatus
Keroplatus is a genus of predatory fungus gnats in the family Keroplatidae. Larvae of several species exhibit weak blue bioluminescence, making this genus one of the few terrestrial insect groups capable of producing light. The genus is poorly studied compared to other bioluminescent insects, with limited ecological and behavioral data available. Riboflavin has been identified as a possible component of the bioluminescent system in at least one species.
Keroplatus militaris
Keroplatus militaris is a species of predatory fungus gnat in the family Keroplatidae, described by Johannsen in 1910. It belongs to a genus characterized by bioluminescent larvae in many species, though specific details for this species remain limited. The species epithet "militaris" reflects its naming rather than documented military associations. Available records are sparse, with minimal observational data.
Labiduridae
striped earwigs
Labiduridae is a family of earwigs commonly known as striped earwigs, containing approximately 72 species across seven genera in three subfamilies. Members are moderate to large in size with cylindrical bodies, well-developed wings, and notably long antennae. The family exhibits cosmopolitan distribution and includes well-known species such as Labidura riparia (tawny earwig) and Nala lividipes. Many species display subsocial maternal care and predatory habits, with some serving as biological control agents of agricultural pests.
Lampria
Lampria is a genus of robber flies in the family Asilidae, established by Macquart in 1838. The genus contains at least 20 described species. Robber flies in this genus are aerial predators that capture other insects in flight. Members of this genus are found in the Americas, particularly in Neotropical regions.
Lampria bicolor
Lampria bicolor is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae. It is found primarily in the eastern United States, east of the Rocky Mountains, with additional reports from South America. The species was first described by Wiedemann in 1828. Like other robber flies, it is a predatory insect, though specific details of its biology remain poorly documented.
Laphria apila
Laphria apila is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae. It belongs to the genus Laphria, a group known for effective bumble bee mimicry. The species was described by Bromley in 1951. Like other robber flies, it is a predatory insect that captures prey in flight.
Larrina
larrine wasps
Larrina is a subtribe of digger wasps within the family Crabronidae, tribe Larrini. These solitary wasps are characterized by reduced simple eyes (ocelli) that appear as scars rather than functional eyes. Members of this group nest in soil and provision their young with paralyzed insect prey. The subtribe includes genera such as Tachytes and the remarkable giant wasp Megalara garuda from Indonesia.
Lasiopogon aldrichii
Lasiopogon aldrichii is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Melander in 1923. It belongs to the genus Lasiopogon, a group of small to medium-sized predatory flies known for their bristly faces and ground-perching hunting behavior. The species is documented from western North America.
Lasiopogon oklahomensis
Lasiopogon oklahomensis is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, first described by Cole and Wilcox in 1938. The species is known from Oklahoma, as indicated by its specific epithet. Robber flies in the genus Lasiopogon are generally predatory insects that hunt other arthropods. Very few observations of this species have been recorded, with only three documented observations in iNaturalist as of the available data.
Lasiopogon quadrivittatus
Lasiopogon quadrivittatus is a species of robber fly described by Jones in 1907. It belongs to the family Asilidae, a group of predatory flies known for their aggressive hunting behavior. The species epithet 'quadrivittatus' refers to four longitudinal stripes or bands, likely describing a distinctive color pattern on the body. Information about this species remains limited, with only 26 observations recorded on iNaturalist.
Lebia viridis
colorful foliage ground beetle
Lebia viridis is a predatory ground beetle in the family Carabidae, recognized for its small size and bright metallic coloration. Adults measure 5–7 mm in length and are diurnal, often found on flowers and vegetation. The species occurs across North America, extending south through Mexico and Guatemala, with populations also recorded on Cuba. It is sometimes attracted to lights at night.
Leptogaster lerneri
Leptogaster lerneri is a species of robber fly described by Curran in 1953. It belongs to the genus Leptogaster, a group of small, slender robber flies characterized by their elongated bodies and distinctive predatory behavior. The species is part of the subfamily Leptogastrinae, which comprises some of the most gracile members of the Asilidae family.
Lestica producticollis
square-headed wasp
Lestica producticollis is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae, native to North America. It belongs to the tribe Crabronini, a group of solitary hunting wasps. Members of the genus Lestica are similar in appearance to related genera such as Crabro, Ectemnius, and Anacrabro, and are distinguished by subtle morphological features of the abdomen. As with other Crabronini, these wasps are predatory and provision nests with paralyzed prey for their larvae.
Lestodiplosini
Lestodiplosini is a tribe of predatory gall midges within the family Cecidomyiidae. Members of this tribe are distinguished by their predatory lifestyle, feeding on other small arthropods rather than inducing plant galls. The tribe contains the genus Lestodiplosis and related taxa. These midges are part of the subfamily Cecidomyiinae, which includes both gall-forming and predatory lineages. Lestodiplosini species have been documented in multiple regions, with iNaturalist observations indicating a broad but patchy distribution.
Lethocerinae
giant water bugs
Lethocerinae is a subfamily of giant water bugs within Belostomatidae, comprising large aquatic predatory insects distributed across the Palearctic, Oriental, and Australian regions. The subfamily includes two genera: Lethocerus and Kirkaldyia. Members are characterized by their large size—among the largest in Hemiptera—and are distinguished from other belostomatid subfamilies by morphological and genetic differences. Species within this group face conservation concerns in parts of their range due to harvesting for human consumption.
Lethocerus medius
giant water bug
Lethocerus medius is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae, distinguished by its substantial size and unique parental care behavior. Males reach 49–58 mm, while females are larger at 62–63 mm. Unlike related species in the subfamily Belostomatinae that brood eggs on their backs, males of this species exhibit postzygotic parental care by guarding eggs deposited on objects above the water surface, moistening them, shading them, and protecting them from predators. This species occurs across a broad range from the southern United States through Mexico to Central America and throughout the Caribbean.
Lispe
Lispe is a large, cosmopolitan genus of predatory muscid flies comprising approximately 180 described species. Adults and larvae are both predatory, with adults hunting small insects and larvae inhabiting damp sand and mud around water bodies. The genus is notable for complex cursorial courtship displays involving visual and vibratory signals, though the biology of most species remains poorly documented. Lispe occurs in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica.
Lonchaeidae
Lance Flies
Lonchaeidae, commonly known as lance flies, is a family of acalyptrate dipteran flies comprising approximately 611 described species across 10 genera. These small, robust flies are characterized by blue-black or metallic bodies and are predominantly associated with wooded habitats worldwide. The family exhibits diverse larval ecology, with most species being phytophagous on damaged plant tissues, though coprophagous, mycophagous, saprophagous, and predatory habits are also documented. Several species are significant agricultural pests, particularly of figs, cassava, and conifer seeds, while others develop in bark beetle tunnels, decaying wood, or fungal fruiting bodies.
Lophoscutus
Lophoscutus is a genus of ambush bugs (subfamily Phymatinae) in the assassin bug family Reduviidae. Established by Kormilev in 1951, the genus contains over 60 described species. Members of this genus are predatory true bugs that employ ambush hunting strategies.
Lophoscutus uhleri
Lophoscutus uhleri is a species of ambush bug in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Phymatinae. The species was described by Handlirsch in 1897. Phymatine reduviids are predatory true bugs characterized by their raptorial forelegs used to capture prey. Members of the genus Lophoscutus are known from North America.
Loricula
minute bladder bugs
Loricula is a genus of minute bladder bugs in the family Microphysidae (order Hemiptera). The genus contains more than 20 described species. These are small predatory true bugs found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. They inhabit leaf litter and mossy environments in forested areas.
Lyctocoridae
Lyctocorid Pirate Bugs
Lyctocoridae is a family of predatory true bugs in the infraorder Cimicomorpha, reconstituted from Anthocoridae based on phylogenetic evidence. Members range from 2–6 mm and exhibit distinctive asymmetrical male genitalia. The family includes the cosmopolitan species Lyctocoris campestris, known for occasional blood-feeding, and the Japanese endemic L. ichikawai, which uniquely feeds on oak sap. They occupy diverse microhabitats including tree bark, decaying matter, and stored food products.
Machimus novaescotiae
Nova Scotia Bladetail
Machimus novaescotiae is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, commonly known as the Nova Scotia Bladetail. It is a predatory dipteran endemic to northeastern North America. The species was described by Macquart in 1847. Like other members of the genus Machimus, it is presumed to be an active aerial predator of other insects.
Machimus paropus
Black-spined Bladetail
Machimus paropus is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, commonly known as the Black-spined Bladetail. It belongs to the large genus Machimus, which contains predatory flies distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1849. As a member of Asilidae, it exhibits the predatory habits characteristic of robber flies, though specific details of its biology remain poorly documented.
Macrocephalus
Macrocephalus is a genus of ambush bugs first described by Olivier in 1789. The genus name refers to the enlarged head characteristic of these insects. Species in this genus are predatory true bugs that capture prey by ambush. Taxonomic placement has varied, with the genus historically assigned to Reduviidae but currently recognized in Phymatidae.
Mantodea
mantises, mantids, praying mantises
Mantodea is an order of predatory insects comprising over 2,400 species in approximately 430 genera and 15 families, with Mantidae being the largest family. Members are characterized by raptorial forelegs adapted for catching prey, triangular heads with large compound eyes on flexible necks, and elongated bodies. The order exhibits two primary foraging strategies: ambush predation (the ancestral condition) and cursorial pursuit of prey. Mantodea has undergone significant taxonomic revision, having been elevated from a suborder of Orthoptera to full order status, then subsequently grouped with cockroaches and termites within Dictyoptera based on molecular phylogenetic evidence.
Megaphorus clausicellus
Megaphorus clausicellus is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) originally described by Macquart in 1850 under the name Mallophora clausicella. Robber flies in this genus are predatory and typically associated with open, dry habitats. The species has been documented in the western United States, with observations from Nevada and other Great Basin localities. Like other members of the genus Megaphorus, adults are presumed to be aerial predators of other insects.
Megisthanus
Megisthanus is a genus of predatory mites in the family Megisthanidae, established by Thorell in 1882. The genus contains at least four described species: Megisthanus floridanus, M. jacobsoni, M. orientalis, and M. postsetosus. Members are classified within the order Mesostigmata, a group of mites that includes many predatory forms.
Melyridae
Soft-winged Flower Beetles, Soft-wing Flower Beetles
Melyridae is a family of beetles in the superfamily Cleroidea, containing over 100 genera worldwide with approximately 520 species in 48 genera in North America. Members are commonly found on flowers, with most adults and larvae being predaceous. The family includes three recognized subfamilies: Dasytinae, Malachiinae, and Melyrinae. Some species, notably in the genus Choresine, have been found to contain potent batrachotoxins, potentially serving as a dietary source for toxic birds and poison-dart frogs.
Metaxydytes
Metaxydytes is a genus of predaceous diving beetles in the subfamily Cybistrinae, endemic to the Neotropics. The genus comprises nine species that were reclassified from the genus Megadytes based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence. These are large aquatic beetles adapted to freshwater habitats. The genus was established to accommodate species previously considered part of a broader Megadytes concept.
Metisotoma
Metisotoma is a genus of elongate-bodied springtails in the family Isotomidae. The genus includes at least four described species, with Metisotoma grandiceps recognized as the only veritable predator among springtails. Species occur primarily in Arctic, subarctic, and montane tundra habitats across the Holarctic region. The genus was established by Maynard in 1951.
Microvelia pulchella
smaller water strider
Microvelia pulchella is a semiaquatic predatory bug in the family Veliidae, distributed throughout the American continents from Canada to Argentina. It is the type species of the genus Microvelia and one of the most common species in the Neotropical Region. Laboratory studies demonstrate its potential as a biological control agent against disease-vector mosquitoes and agricultural pests in rice fields. The species serves as a model organism for behavioral and ecological research due to its convenient rearing characteristics and measurable traits.
Monotomidae
Minute Clubbed Beetles
Monotomidae is a family of small beetles in the superfamily Nitiduloidea, containing approximately 240 species in 33 genera. The family exhibits diverse ecological habits: members occur under tree bark, in decaying vegetation, on flowers, and in ant nests. Some species are mycophagous, feeding on ascomycete fungi, while others are predatory. The genus Rhizophagus includes species that prey on bark beetles and their immature stages.
Nabinae
damsel bugs
Nabinae is a subfamily of damsel bugs (Nabidae) within the true bugs (Hemiptera). Members are predatory insects characterized by raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. The subfamily includes both extant species and fossil records from the Cretaceous, including specimens preserved in Burmese amber. Extant species are found across diverse terrestrial habitats.
Nabini
Damsel bugs
Nabini is a tribe of damsel bugs in the family Nabidae, comprising predatory true bugs found across diverse terrestrial habitats. Members are characterized by raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey, a slender body form, and a prominent curved rostrum. The tribe includes genera such as Nabis, the most speciose genus in the family. Nabini species are active hunters that contribute to biological control of pest insects in agricultural and natural systems.
Neivamyrmex opacithorax
army ant
Neivamyrmex opacithorax is a species of army ant in the family Formicidae. It is one of two army ant species documented in Missouri, where it has been observed in dolomite glades. The species is strictly nocturnal during summer months but has been observed on the surface during cool, overcast fall days. Like other legionary ants, it exhibits nomadic behavior and raids nests of other ant species.
Neobarrettia
arid-land katydid, spiny predatory katydid
Neobarrettia is a genus of nine North American predatory katydids distinguished by prominent spines and powerful mandibles adapted for carnivory. These insects inhabit arid and semi-arid regions from the southwestern United States through Mexico. They are known for aggressive threat displays and the ability to inflict painful bites when handled.
Neobarrettia spinosa
Greater Arid-land Katydid, Red-eyed Katydid, Red-eyed Devil, Giant Texas Katydid, Spiny Bush Katydid
Neobarrettia spinosa is a large, predatory katydid native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Unlike most katydids, it is an obligate carnivore, actively hunting and consuming prey including other insects, small vertebrates, and even endangered songbirds. The species is notable for its striking threat display, during which it rears back, spreads its wings, and exposes its bright coloration while presenting formidable mandibles and spiny forelegs. It is one of only two Neobarrettia species extending into the United States from a genus otherwise restricted to northern Mexico.
Neoitamus orphne
Dark Bentbristle
Neoitamus orphne is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, commonly known as the Dark Bentbristle. It belongs to a genus of predatory flies characterized by their robust build and predatory behavior. The species has been documented in North America, particularly in the northeastern United States.
Neoponera
Neoponera Panther Ants
Neoponera is a genus of ponerine ants restricted to the Neotropics, ranging from southern Texas to southern Brazil. Workers are slender and medium to large in size (6.5–19 mm), while queens are larger and winged. The genus exhibits diverse nesting behaviors, including ground nests in soil and decaying wood, as well as arboreal ant gardens. Some species, such as those in the N. laevigata species-group, are specialized termite predators.
Neoponera villosa
hairy panther ant, greater Texas bullet ant, giant hunting ant
Neoponera villosa is a large predatory ant in the subfamily Ponerinae, commonly known as the hairy panther ant or greater Texas bullet ant. It inhabits Neotropical regions where it nests in both arboreal and ground-dwelling situations. The species possesses a complex venom containing over 500 peptides with documented antimicrobial, cytolytic, and insecticidal properties. Venom composition exhibits substantial plasticity, varying significantly with season and nesting habitat.
Neoporus lobatus
Neoporus lobatus is a species of diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae, first described by Sharp in 1882. It belongs to the subfamily Hydroporinae, a diverse group of small predatory aquatic beetles. The genus Neoporus comprises small dytiscids found primarily in North America. Like other members of its family, this species is aquatic and occupies freshwater habitats.
Neoscapteriscus borellii
Southern Mole Cricket
Neoscapteriscus borellii, commonly known as the southern mole cricket, is a fossorial orthopteran native to South America that has become an established invasive pest in the southeastern United States since its introduction around 1900. Unlike its herbivorous relatives, this species is primarily predatory, feeding on insects and earthworms. Its extensive tunneling in sandy soils damages lawns, pastures, golf courses, and cultivated plants by loosening soil, uprooting vegetation, and promoting desiccation.
Nepa
water scorpion
Nepa is a genus of aquatic true bugs in the family Nepidae, commonly known as water scorpions. These insects inhabit freshwater environments and are characterized by their elongated bodies, raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey, and a long respiratory siphon extending from the abdomen. The genus belongs to the subfamily Nepinae and is distinguished from related genera primarily by morphological features of the pronotum and respiratory siphon structure.
Nepidae
waterscorpions, water scorpions, water stick insects, needle bugs
Nepidae is a family of exclusively aquatic predatory true bugs containing approximately 250 species in 14 genera. Members are commonly called waterscorpions due to their superficial resemblance to scorpions, possessing raptorial forelegs and a long caudal respiratory siphon. The family is divided into two subfamilies: Nepinae (broad, flat-bodied 'water scorpions') and Ranatrinae (slender 'water stick insects'). They occur on all continents except Antarctica, inhabiting stagnant or slow-moving freshwater habitats.
Nepomorpha
true water bugs, water bugs
Nepomorpha is an infraorder of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) comprising approximately 2,000 species worldwide. Members are characterized by reduced, weakly muscled antennae typically concealed against the head, and absent or vestigial ocelli. Most species inhabit freshwater environments, with the exception of the superfamily Ochteroidea, which occupies riparian zones along water margins. The group includes diverse forms such as giant water bugs, water scorpions, water boatmen, and backswimmers.
Neureclipsis
tube maker caddisflies
Neureclipsis is a genus of net-spinning caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae, containing at least eight described species distributed across the Northern Hemisphere and Australia. Larvae construct elaborate silken catchnets to capture drifting invertebrate prey in lotic freshwater habitats. The genus includes the well-studied species N. bimaculata, whose life history and feeding ecology have been investigated in North American and European populations.
Nevadasilus blantoni
Nevadasilus blantoni is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) in the genus Nevadasilus. It is a predatory dipteran endemic to the western United States, specifically associated with Nevada and surrounding arid regions. The species is named in honor of entomologist John Blanton. As with other Asilidae, it is presumed to be an aerial predator of other insects, though detailed studies of its biology remain limited.
Nicocles utahensis
Nicocles utahensis is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, first described by Nathan Banks in 1920. It belongs to the subfamily Brachyrhopalinae, a group of small to medium-sized robber flies. The species epithet "utahensis" indicates its association with the state of Utah. Like other robber flies, it is a predatory insect that hunts other insects in flight.
Notonecta kirbyi
Kirby's Backswimmer
Notonecta kirbyi, commonly known as Kirby's backswimmer, is a species of aquatic true bug in the family Notonectidae. Like other backswimmers, it swims inverted on the water surface using its long, oar-like hind legs. The species is found in North America and shares the general habits of the genus Notonecta, including predatory feeding on small aquatic organisms and the ability to fly between water bodies.
Notonecta petrunkevitchi
Notonecta petrunkevitchi is a species of backswimmer in the family Notonectidae, described by Hutchinson in 1945. As a member of the genus Notonecta, it shares the characteristic habit of swimming upside down in aquatic environments. The species is known from North America, though specific details about its ecology and distribution within this range remain poorly documented. Like other backswimmers, it is presumably predatory and possesses hydrophobic hairs for underwater respiration.
Nyctiophylax
Nyctiophylax is a genus of caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae, established by Brauer in 1865. Species in this genus are small, predatory caddisflies whose larvae construct silken retreats in freshwater habitats. The genus has been documented from Colombia, though its actual distribution likely extends more broadly across the Neotropics. Adults are generally small with reduced wing venation characteristic of the family.
Ochteridae
Velvety Shore Bugs
Ochteridae is a small family of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) comprising approximately 80–90 described species in eight genera. Commonly known as velvety shore bugs, they are semi-aquatic insects inhabiting the margins of freshwater bodies worldwide, with highest diversity in tropical regions. The family is characterized by a velvety body texture, small size (4.5–9 mm), and distinctive antennal and leg sensilla adapted to riparian habitats. Recent taxonomic revisions have significantly expanded the known species diversity, particularly in Australia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes.
Ochthera
Mantid Shoreflies
Ochthera is a genus of predatory shore flies (Ephydridae) distinguished by raptorial forelegs modified for seizing prey. Adults and larvae are exclusively predatory, feeding on midge and mosquito larvae. The genus has a global distribution with approximately 37-55 species, including 13 species in North America. Some species have documented significance as predators of disease vectors, including African malaria vectors.
Ochthera anatolikos
Ochthera anatolikos is a small predatory shore fly in the family Ephydridae. Adults and larvae are both predatory, with raptorial forelegs adapted for seizing prey. The species occurs in shallow aquatic habitats across North America, where it feeds on small insects and their larvae. It was described by Clausen in 1977.
Ochthera lauta
Ochthera lauta is a species of shore fly in the family Ephydridae, characterized by raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. The species belongs to a genus known for predatory behavior on small insects near aquatic habitats. It has been documented in the United States, West Indies, and Central America.
Ochthera mantis
mantis fly, mantis shore fly
Ochthera mantis is a predatory shore fly in the family Ephydridae, first described by Charles De Geer in 1776. The species is notable for its raptorial forelegs, which are modified for seizing prey and resemble those of praying mantises—hence its common name. Both adults and larvae are predatory, with adults hunting small insects along shorelines and larvae feeding aquatically on midge and mosquito larvae. It is a Holarctic species with a limited distribution in Europe.
Odontomachus
trap-jaw ants
Odontomachus is a genus of ants commonly known as trap-jaw ants, characterized by their extraordinary spring-loaded mandibles that can snap shut at speeds among the fastest recorded for animal movements. The genus contains approximately 84 valid species distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. These ants are active predators that use their powerful jaws for hunting, defense, and in some species, locomotion via jumping. Several species have been introduced to new regions, including the southeastern United States, where they are expanding their ranges.
Ommatius
Plumetops
Ommatius is a large and morphologically diverse genus of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) within the subfamily Asilinae. The genus contains numerous species distributed across multiple biogeographic regions, with particularly well-documented diversity in the Afrotropical region and the Americas. Species are organized into multiple species groups based on morphological characteristics. Like other Asilidae, members of this genus are predatory as both larvae and adults. The genus has been subject to extensive taxonomic revision due to its high species diversity and complex morphological variation.
Ommatius gemma
Ommatius gemma is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, first described by Brimley in 1928. As a member of the genus Ommatius, it belongs to one of the most diverse genera within the Asilidae. Robber flies in this genus are predatory insects known for their venomous hunting strategy and distinctive facial morphology. The species is part of a family containing over 7,500 described species worldwide, with many species remaining poorly studied.
Omninablautus
Omninablautus is a genus of robber flies (family Asilidae) established by Pritchard in 1935. The genus contains three described species: O. arenosus, O. nigronotum, and O. tolandi. Robber flies in this family are predatory insects known for their agile flight and ability to capture other insects in mid-air.
Oncaea
Oncaea is a genus of small marine copepods in the family Oncaeidae, order Poecilostomatoida. The genus includes bioluminescent species that exhibit internal (non-secreted) bioluminescence, a distinctive trait among copepods. Members occur in marine environments from tropical to polar regions, including the Arctic Ocean, Antarctic waters, and the Mediterranean Sea. Some species have been documented feeding on chaetognaths and other crustaceans, though feeding mechanisms appear complex and variable.
Oncocephalus
Oncocephalus is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae. The genus contains at least 210 described species, making it one of the more species-rich genera within the family. Species in this genus are predatory true bugs found across multiple continents.
Oncocephalus geniculatus
Oncocephalus geniculatus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Stål in 1872. It belongs to the subfamily Stenopodainae, a group characterized by raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. The species has been documented across Central America and North America. It is among the more frequently observed Oncocephalus species, with over 600 citizen science records.
Onychopoda
Onychopoda is a specialized order of predatory branchiopod crustaceans within the superorder Cladocera, distinguished by having only four pairs of legs (compared to five or six in related orders) and segmented raptorial appendages used for grasping prey. The order comprises three families (Cercopagididae, Podonidae, Polyphemidae), ten genera, and approximately 33 described species. Most species are endemic to the Ponto-Caspian basin, though some occur in freshwater and marine habitats worldwide. Onychopoda exhibits one of the most distinctive morphological and ecological radiations among cladocerans, having evolved predation as a novel feeding strategy and colonized habitats across a broad salinity range.
Orchelimum pulchellum
Handsome meadow katydid
Orchelimum pulchellum, the handsome meadow katydid, is a medium-sized katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. It is distinguished from closely related species by specific morphological features of the pronotum, cerci, and hind femora. The species is found in moist forests and wetlands across the eastern United States, where it feeds on pollen, foliage, and opportunistically on other insects. It is active from mid-summer through mid-autumn in the northern parts of its range.
Orfelia fultoni
Foxfire Fly, dismalites
Orfelia fultoni is the only bioluminescent fly species known from North America. The larvae, commonly called 'dismalites' or 'glowworms,' produce the bluest light (~460 nm) of any studied bioluminescent insect. Larvae are carnivorous predators that construct sticky webs along stream banks and in caves, using paired bioluminescent lanterns to lure flying prey. Adults are non-feeding and short-lived. The species was discovered in 1940 near Glenville, North Carolina by B.B. Fulton and described by Elizabeth Gault Fisher.
Oriini
minute pirate bugs
Oriini is a tribe of minute pirate bugs within the family Anthocoridae, comprising approximately 6 genera and more than 60 described species. Members are small predatory true bugs distributed across multiple continents. The tribe includes economically important genera such as Orius, which are widely used in biological pest control.
Orothrips
Orothrips is a genus of predatory thrips in the family Aeolothripidae, established by Moulton in 1907. Members of this genus are small, slender insects with fringed wings characteristic of the order Thysanoptera. As aeolothripids, they are presumed to be predatory, though species-specific biology remains poorly documented. The genus is part of a family known for biological control potential against pest mites and small insects.
Pachycondyla
Panther Ants
Pachycondyla is a genus of ponerine ants found in the Neotropics. Following a major taxonomic revision by Schmidt & Shattuck (2014), the genus was drastically reduced from hundreds of species to eleven extant species, with many former members moved to revived genera. The genus now contains primarily Neotropical species distributed from the southern United States to northern Argentina. Some species, such as P. chinensis (Asian needle ant), have become invasive beyond their native ranges. The genus includes both ground-nesting and arboreal species, with some forming mutualistic relationships with plants.
Pacificanthia consors (LeConte, 1851)
brown leatherwing beetle
Pacificanthia consors, commonly known as the brown leatherwing beetle, is a soldier beetle (family Cantharidae) native to western North America. Adults are active in spring, particularly April and May, and are associated with plant litter habitats. The species exhibits predatory habits in both adult and larval stages.
Paederus
Whiplash Beetles
Paederus is a large genus of rove beetles comprising over 600 species. Members are distinguished from most other rove beetles by bright aposematic coloration, diurnal activity, and attraction to lights. Several species contain pederin, a potent vesicant toxin produced by endosymbiotic bacteria, which causes paederus dermatitis when beetle hemolymph contacts human skin. Both larvae and adults are predatory on other insects.
Parasitidae
predatory mites, bee mites, beetle mites
Parasitidae is a family of predatory mites in the order Mesostigmata, representing the sole family in the superfamily Parasitoidea. These mites are relatively large for their group, often appearing yellowish to dark brown in color. The family has worldwide distribution and contains approximately 400 species across 29 genera organized into two subfamilies: Pergamasinae (soil-dwelling, non-phoretic) and Parasitinae (nest-dwelling, phoretic deutonymphs). Members prey on diverse microarthropods and nematodes, with individual species typically exhibiting narrower prey ranges than the family as a whole.
Parasitina
Parasitina is a suborder of predatory mites within the order Mesostigmata, characterized by relatively large body size for mites and typically yellowish to dark brown coloration. Members are free-living predators that actively hunt microarthropods and nematodes in soil and litter habitats. The suborder includes the family Parasitidae, which contains approximately 400 species across 29 genera in two subfamilies. Spermatogenesis involves complex cytoskeletal reorganization with distinct roles for F-actin and tubulin in nuclear shaping, acrosome formation, and flagellar development.
Parasitoidea
Parasitoidea is a superfamily of predatory mites in the order Mesostigmata, containing the single family Parasitidae. These relatively large mites are found worldwide in soil, humus, and forest floor litter. They prey on microarthropods and nematodes, with individual species typically specializing on a narrower range of prey. The group contains approximately 400 species across 29 genera and two subfamilies.
Parasyrphus relictus
Parasyrphus relictus is a hoverfly species (Diptera: Syrphidae) first described by Zetterstedt in 1838. The genus Parasyrphus comprises predatory hoverflies whose larvae feed on aphids. This species has been recorded in northern Europe, including Belgium, Denmark, and Norway. As with other members of its genus, it likely occupies temperate woodland and wetland habitats where aphid prey are abundant.
Parasyrphus tarsatus
Holarctic Bristleside
Parasyrphus tarsatus is a species of hoverfly (Syrphidae) first described by Zetterstedt in 1838. It is native to Europe, with confirmed records from Norway and Sweden. The species is part of the diverse genus Parasyrphus, which comprises predatory syrphid flies whose larvae feed on aphids. Adults are likely active during the warmer months, though specific phenological details remain poorly documented.
Peiratinae
corsairs, corsair bugs
Peiratinae is a subfamily of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) commonly known as corsairs. The subfamily has a worldwide distribution with greatest diversity in tropical regions. Approximately 30 genera and 350 species are described, though estimates vary. Members of this subfamily are predatory true bugs. The genus Sirthenea is notable for its cosmopolitan distribution across all continents.
Pergamasinae
Pergamasinae is a subfamily of predatory mites within the family Parasitidae, order Mesostigmata. Members are relatively large for mites and occupy soil and decomposing organic matter habitats. The subfamily includes genera such as Pergamasus and Holoparasitus, with distribution centered in Europe within the broader Holarctic region.
Pericalina
Pericalina is a subtribe of ground beetles (Carabidae: Lebiinae: Lebiini) comprising arboreal species distributed across tropical and subtropical forests of the New World and Asia. The subtribe includes several complexes distinguished by morphological characters of the mouthparts, pronotum, and ovipositor. New World eucheiloid members are characterized by securiform labial palpomere 3, serrate-setose pronotal margins, and flattened stylomere 2 of the ovipositor. Asian members such as Pericalus exhibit flattened body forms adapted for life under bark. The group has undergone significant diversification in tropical South America with subsequent northward dispersal into Central America and independent radiations in Asia.
Philonthus caeruleipennis
Blue-winged Rove Beetle
A medium-sized rove beetle with striking metallic blue-green elytra contrasting against a black body. It is predatory, hunting other insects in fungal and decaying organic matter habitats. The species occurs across northern North America and parts of Eurasia.
Philonthus discoideus
Disk-shaped Rove Beetle
Philonthus discoideus is a predatory rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, widespread across multiple continents including native Palearctic distribution and introduced ranges in the Americas, Australasia, and Pacific islands. The species has been observed in carrion-associated habitats and exhibits typical staphylinid morphology with shortened elytra exposing most of the abdomen. Its broad distribution suggests ecological adaptability, though specific behavioral and life history details remain poorly documented in published sources.
Phosphuga atrata
Black snail beetle
Phosphuga atrata is a European carrion beetle in the family Silphidae, commonly known as the black snail beetle. Adults are notable predators of live snails, using an elongated neck to reach into shells and spray digestive fluid to subdue prey. The species also feeds on insects, earthworms, and carrion. Larvae are similarly predatory on snails and pupate in soil. Coloration changes with age: young beetles are brownish, while mature adults become black.
Phylinae
phyline plant bugs
Phylinae is a large subfamily of plant bugs (Miridae) comprising approximately 400 genera and over 2000 species worldwide. The subfamily underwent significant taxonomic revision in 2013, reorganizing tribal classifications and establishing nine currently recognized tribes. Members exhibit diverse host plant associations, with many species specialized on particular plant families. The subfamily includes economically significant species, some of which are predators while others are phytophagous.
Phymata stanfordi
Stanford's ambush bug
Phymata stanfordi is an ambush bug in the family Reduviidae. It belongs to the genus Phymata, a group of predatory true bugs known for their distinctive raptorial forelegs used to capture prey. The species epithet "stanfordi" suggests a connection to Stanford University, though specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in available sources.
Phytocoris tiliae
lime plant bug
Phytocoris tiliae is a small plant bug in the family Miridae, commonly known as the lime plant bug. It is associated with deciduous trees across Europe and parts of North America. The species is notable among plant bugs for its predatory habits, feeding on mites and other small insects rather than plant sap alone. Adults are active during summer months and are attracted to light.
Pilophorus perplexus
Pilophorus perplexus is a small predatory bug in the family Miridae, measuring approximately 4.5 mm in length. The species is distinguished by its brown coloration with silver bands on the hairy forewings, which appear duller than those of its congener Pilophorus cinnamopterus. It feeds on aphids and has been documented across much of Europe and in parts of North America.
Platysoma aequum
clown beetle
Platysoma aequum is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. The genus Platysoma comprises small predatory beetles that inhabit spaces beneath bark, where they hunt other insects. This species occurs in North America, with records from Canada and the eastern and central United States. As with other histerid beetles, it likely plays a role in controlling populations of fly and beetle larvae in dead and decaying wood.
Platythyrea
Platythyrea is a genus of predatory ants in the subfamily Ponerinae and the sole member of the tribe Platythyreini. Workers range from 4–20 mm in size. The genus exhibits remarkable reproductive diversity: most species have gamergates (reproductive female workers), though P. conradti has ergatoid queens instead. Some species with gamergates also produce alate queens. The genus has a worldwide distribution in tropical and subtropical regions.
Plectrocnemia
tube maker caddisflies
Plectrocnemia is a genus of tube maker caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae comprising more than 120 described species. Larvae are aquatic predators that construct silken capture nets to intercept prey. The genus has been extensively studied for its larval silk production, vibration-mediated predatory behavior, and population genetics. Species occur across Europe and into western Asia, with detailed biological information available for several well-studied species including P. conspersa and P. brevis.
Trichopteracaddisflyaquatic-insectpredatorsilkbioindicatornet-spinnervibration-detectionpopulation-geneticsEuroperunning-waterlarvaePlectrocnemia-conspersaPlectrocnemia-brevisPlectrocnemia-renettaPlectrocnemia-latissimagenomesilk-fibroinkin-structuredispersalegg-masscolonial-netoxygen-requirementsCaucasusBritainGreeceTurkeyCyprusVermontfreshwaterstreamriverspringpredatory-behaviorvibration-frequencysetae-morphologylarval-identification-keyOxford-Nanopore-sequencingBUSCO-completenessL-chain-fibroinneighborhood-population-sizepatchy-recruitment-hypothesisgenetic-relatednessmicrosatelliteovipositionhot-spotsfirst-instarpupationmandible-captureorientation-behaviorbuilding-behaviorprey-captureChironomidaeOligochaetasubstrate-borne-vibrationsilken-tubetube-makerPolycentropodidaeStephens-1836more-than-120-speciesgenome-assemblynutrient-cyclingecosystem-servicesindustrial-interestphylogenomicscomparative-genomicsgenome-sizecontiguitypolishingIlluminaNanoporedraft-genomeannotated-genomeHydropsyche-tenuisspatial-genetic-structurecolonizationgene-flowgenetic-driftdispersal-distanceflighttemporary-populationspermanent-populationshabitat-patchessuitable-habitatecological-nichecase-making-behaviorlarval-casesilk-secretionprotein-componentgenomic-regiongene-clustergenomic-resourceshigh-quality-genomeshortest-genomevariable-qualitypublished-genomesinsect-orderspecioseindustrial-applicationbiomaterialnatural-materialbiomimicryconservationwater-quality-monitoringenvironmental-indicatorclean-wateroxygen-concentrationnorthern-slopesCentral-Caucasusrivers-and-streamsbiologyaspects-of-biologyreportedinhabitsfinal-instardiagnostic-featuresillustrateddiscriminatory-matrixGreek-specieszoogeographyreported-fromkey-to-larvaerevised-keynotes-onpreviously-unknown-larvadistinguishesother-British-specieslarval-habitatadult-identificationgenetic-differentiationsitespopulation-sizesshort-range-trendgreater-distancesevolutionary-processessmall-scalesnumber-of-generationsfound-small-populationsgrow-and-exchange-geneslarger-scalessubstantial-gapsregionscolonisation-eventsgenetic-patternslast-colonisedecological-studiesdynamicspersistence-and-spreadcentral-toMartynov-1913Malicky-1975Curtis-1834McLachlanCurtisNavasgenus-Stephens-1836family-Polycentropodidaeorder-Trichopteraclass-Insectaphylum-Arthropodakingdom-AnimaliaEukaryotaHexapodaHydropsychoideaPolycentropodinaeiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBI-TaxonomyWikipediaZeitschrift-für-TierpsychologieFreshwater-BiologyZootaxaGenome-Biology-and-EvolutionZoosymposiaDOIabstractpaper-summaryevidenceconfidence-notesobservations-countmatched-scientific-namecanonical-namerankstatusacceptedmatch-typehigherrankdistribution-recordsgenus-of-tube-maker-caddisfliesmore-than-120-described-specieslist-of-speciesreferencesfurther-readingexternal-linkstitlejournalsubjectsZusammenfassungDie-Larven-vonleben-in-Fließwässernfängt-mit-einem-Netz-Beutehauptsächlich-Chironomiden-Larven-und-OligochaetenWirkung-der-von-der-Beute-im-Netz-erzeugten-VibrationenAufmerksamkeitOrientierung-und-BewegungFangversucheum-so-schnellerverwirrtBaubewegungenBauverhaltenBeutefangenger-Verbindungrecruitmentkinsouthern-English-streamobjectivessmall-scale-patternsstream-dwellingspatial-proximity-of-close-kinpatchy-recruitmentdistribution-of-related-larvaeaquatic-phaseegg-massesspatially-and-temporally-structured-samplesfield-collected-larvaesix-polymorphic-microsatellite-locisiblingsprogeny-of-one-fatherbackground-population-levelsiblings-dispersechanges-in-spatial-genetic-structureneighbouring-larvaeavoiding-kinonset-of-pupationsurvival-through-the-egg-stagefirst-instar-larvaenumber-of-egg-massesrefutelarva-ofincludinglarvae-ofspecies-of-Greecemorphologyfinal-instar-larvainner-and-outer-dorsal-secondary-setaeabdominal-segment-IXmuscle-attachment-spotshead-capsuleabdominal-sternum-IXdistribution-patternsannotated-draft-genomeslarval-silk-secretionsdiverse-case-making-behaviorecological-nichesfive-genomeslow-cost-sequencing-strategyOxford-Nanopore-flow-cellIllumina-sequence-readshigh-quality-genomesde-novo-assembly-methodslow-coverage-Nanopore-readsshortest-genomeslight-L-chain-fibroinL-fibroin-gene-clustersphylogenomiccomparative-genomiclarvae-of-the-genusother-two-Britishlife-cycleadultgenetic-population-structureneighbourhood-population-size-estimatesrole-of-historyscale-of-colonisationstructuring-populationsgenetic-and-ecological-methodsno-genetic-differentiationup-to-20-kmdespite-population-sizesgreater-than-expectedcontrasting-short-range-trendimplausibly-smallrelatively-short-flightswinged-adultsfound-smalloften-temporarylarger-and-more-permanentamplifyingregions-containingreducedate-fromrarely-examinedcentralbiology-ofspringshigh-oxygen-concentrationgood-indicatorwater-qualitytube-maker-caddisfliesgenusobservationstaxonomy-matchmatchedcanonicalclassificationAnimaliaArthropodaInsectagroupcaddisfliesMetazoagenus-Plectrocnemialist-of-Plectrocnemia-speciesvibrations-and-predatory-behavioureffects-of-vibrations-transmitted-across-the-netpredatory-behaviourvariations-in-the-frequencymore-marked-effectvariations-in-amplitudestage-2orientation-and-displacement-towards-the-lurestage-3capture-of-the-lure-with-mandibleslarvae-live-in-running-waterscatch-with-a-netpreymainly-chironomid-larvae-and-oligochaeteseffect-of-vibrations-generated-by-prey-in-the-netvery-irregularly-woven-netopen-ended-dwelling-tube-at-both-endsvibration-weakly-dampenedfrequency-does-not-changevibration-excitesattentionorientation-and-movementcapture-attemptsorientation-and-movement-to-preythe-fasterthe-more-the-vibration-exceeds-0.28-Hzfrequencies-of-0.15-to-0.28-Hzlead-to-incomplete-reactionsas-if-the-larvae-were-confusedfrequencies-below-0.075-Hzgenerate-building-movementsbuilding-behavior-instead-of-prey-captureclosely-connectedrecruitment-kin-and-spatial-genetic-structureoviposition-and-genetic-relatednessstream-dwelling-caddisbeginning-of-the-aquatic-phasefour-sample-dateswithin-one-generationmean-relatedness-coefficientwithin-reared-egg-massesdiffered-significantlypopulation-as-a-wholemarkers-sufficiently-powerfulidentify-groups-of-siblingssmall-contribution-from-a-second-malemean-relatedness-within-spatially-structured-groupsdid-not-differ-from-backgroundsiblings-disperse-away-from-each-otherkin-structure-does-not-persistchanges-in-spatial-genetic-structure-late-in-larval-lifeneighbouring-larvae-less-closely-relatedapproaching-onset-of-pupationsurvival-through-egg-stage-and-early-larval-lifevery-highgreater-than-50%non-social-insectconsequence-of-colonial-netbriefly-occupied-by-first-instar-larvaelack-of-spatial-genetic-structurehigh-survivalrefute-patchy-recruitment-hypothesislarva-of-Plectrocnemia-renettaincluding-discriminatory-matrixlarvae-of-Plectrocnemia-Stephens-1836-species-of-Greecemorphology-of-final-instar-larvamost-important-diagnostic-features-illustratedpreliminary-discriminatory-matrixstrongly-different-in-lengthseparated-from-each-othermuscle-attachment-spots-on-head-capsulenumber-and-length-of-setae-on-abdominal-sternum-IXreported-from-Cyprus-Turkey-Greek-islandsexploit-wide-range-of-ecological-nichesfive-genomes-publishedvariable-qualitiessingle-Oxford-Nanopore-flow-cellde-novo-assembly-methods-comparedassembly-of-low-coverage-Nanopore-readssubsequent-polishingyielded-highest-genome-qualitycontiguity-and-BUSCO-completenessshortest-genomes-to-dateextend-knowledge-of-genome-sizegenomic-region-encodes-for-light-L-chain-fibroinprotein-component-of-larval-caddisfly-silkidentified-and-comparednew-genomic-resourcesamong-highest-quality-Trichoptera-genomesincrease-knowledgebasis-for-phylogenomic-and-comparative-genomic-studiesrevised-key-to-larvaedistinguishes-previously-unknown-larvaother-two-British-speciesnotes-on-larval-habitat-life-cycle-and-identification-of-adultgenetic-population-structure-and-neighbourhood-population-size-estimatesrole-of-history-and-scale-of-colonisationno-genetic-differentiation-between-sites-up-to-20-kmdespite-population-sizes-suggesting-genetic-driftgenetic-differentiation-between-populations-separated-by-more-than-20-kmneighbourhood-population-size-implausibly-smallevolutionary-processes-do-not-explain-differentiationrelatively-short-flights-by-winged-adultsspread-over-number-of-generationsfound-small-often-temporary-populationsgrow-and-exchange-genes-with-larger-permanent-local-populationsamplify-effects-of-initial-gene-flowsubstantial-gaps-between-regions-containing-suitable-habitat-patchesreduce-number-of-colonisation-eventsgenetic-patterns-may-date-from-time-last-colonisedecological-studies-rarely-examined-dynamics-over-larger-geographical-scalescentral-to-persistence-and-spreadbiology-of-Plectrocnemia-latissimarivers-and-streams-of-Central-Caucasus-northern-slopessprings-streams-and-riversrequires-high-oxygen-concentrationgood-indicator-of-water-qualityaspects-of-biology-reportedWikipedia-summaryrank-GENUSstatus-ACCEPTEDmatch-type-HIGHERRANKdistribution-records-DK-NO-SE-Vermont-US-USscientific-nameauthorship-Stephens-1836classification-Eukaryota-Animalia-Arthropoda-Hexapoda-Insecta-Trichoptera-Hydropsychoidea-Polycentropodidae-Polycentropodinae-Plectrocnemiascientific-name-Plectrocnemiagroup-caddisflieskingdom-Metazoainstructionsfill-all-fieldsif-a-field-cannot-be-supported-return-nulldo-not-repeat-information-across-fieldskeep-each-section-focused-on-its-purposeprovide-useful-detail-where-possiblecritical-rulesfactual-correctness-over-completenessclarity-over-verbosityusefulness-over-speculationif-information-is-not-clearly-supported-return-nulldo-not-infer-species-level-traits-from-higher-taxa-unless-explicitly-justifieddo-not-repeat-the-same-information-across-multiple-fieldseach-field-must-contain-unique-non-overlapping-contentavoid-vague-generalizationslike-most-insectstypically-feeds-on-plantsuse-cautious-language-when-necessaryhas-been-observedis-known-todo-not-fabricatebehaviorsdietlife-cycle-detailshost-relationshipsfield-intentsummary-high-level-overview-3-5-sentencesappearance-physical-description-onlyidentif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Podocinidae is a family of free-living predatory mites in the order Mesostigmata. The family comprises 38 species across three genera: Africoseius, Podocinella, and Podocinum. These mites are primarily soil and leaf litter inhabitants, with most species in the genus Podocinum. Their biology remains poorly known despite taxonomic documentation from multiple continents.
Podon leuckartii
Podon leuckartii is a small predatory crustacean in the family Podonidae, order Onychopoda. It belongs to the branchiopod group characterized by paired swimming appendages and a bivalved carapace. The species was originally described under the genus Pleopis. Like other onychopods, it is a holoplanktonic predator in freshwater and brackish aquatic systems.
Pogonosoma
robber flies
Pogonosoma is a genus of robber flies in the family Asilidae, established by Camillo Rondani in 1856. The genus comprises approximately 17 described species. Members of this genus are predatory dipterans that capture other insects in flight. As part of the diverse Asilidae family, they share the characteristic robust body form and predatory habits typical of robber flies.
Ponerinae
ponerine ants
Ponerinae is a diverse subfamily of ants containing approximately 1,600 species in 54 extant genera. Members are characterized by a single-segmented petiole and often a constricted gaster. The subfamily exhibits remarkable social flexibility, including multiple independent origins of gamergate reproduction where mated workers replace queens as functional egg-layers. Ponerines are primarily predatory and include some of the largest ants, such as Dinoponera gigantea. They serve as important model systems for studying the evolution of social behavior, foraging ecology, and morphological innovation.
Procladius
Procladius is a genus of non-biting midges in the family Chironomidae, subfamily Tanypodinae. Larvae are predatory and inhabit freshwater benthic environments including lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands. The genus exhibits considerable species diversity with over 50 described species distributed across the Holarctic and other regions. Some species have adapted to fluctuating water levels in reservoir environments.
Procleticini
Procleticini is a tribe of stink bugs within the family Pentatomidae. Members of this tribe are predatory, distinguishing them from many plant-feeding pentatomids. The tribe includes genera such as Podisus and Stiretrus, which are recognized as beneficial insects in agricultural contexts.
Proctacanthella willistoni
Proctacanthella willistoni is a species of robber fly (family Asilidae) described by Fisher and Wilcox in 1987. Robber flies in this genus are predatory insects that hunt other arthropods. The specific epithet honors entomologist Samuel Wendell Williston, a prominent figure in early American dipterology.
Promachella
Promachella is a genus of robber flies (family Asilidae) described by Cole and Pritchard in 1964. The genus contains at least one described species, P. pilosa. Robber flies in this family are predatory insects known for their aerial hunting behavior. Information about Promachella is limited, with few documented observations.
Prostemmatinae
damsel bugs
Prostemmatinae is a subfamily of predatory damsel bugs in the family Nabidae. It contains at least 13 described species in the Americas, organized into two tribes: Phorticini (genera Phorticus, Rhamphocoris) and Prostemmatini (genera Alloeorhynchus, Pagasa, Prostemma). Members are found in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, with documented diversity in Mexico and the southern United States.
Prostemmatini
Prostemmatini is a tribe of damsel bugs within the family Nabidae, order Hemiptera. Members are predatory true bugs characterized by their raptorial forelegs adapted for catching prey. The tribe is distinguished from the other nabid tribe, Nabini, by specific morphological features of the male genitalia and wing venation. These insects are generally found in ground-level vegetation and leaf litter where they hunt small arthropods.
Pseudosaica
Pseudosaica is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Saicinae. The genus was erected by Blinn in 1990 and contains at least two described species: P. florida from the southeastern United States and P. panamaensis from Central America. Members of this genus are predatory true bugs.
Psorophora signipennis
Mottled Mosquito
Psorophora signipennis, commonly known as the Mottled Mosquito, is a species of mosquito in the family Culicidae. The species is distributed across Middle America and North America. Like other members of the genus Psorophora, it is presumed to be a predatory mosquito with larvae that feed on other mosquito larvae, though specific behavioral studies for this species have not been documented. Adult females are blood-feeders, while both sexes consume nectar for flight energy.
Pterostichus
Blackclock Ground Beetles
Pterostichus is a large genus of ground beetles (Carabidae) in the subfamily Harpalinae, comprising over 1,200 species with a Holarctic distribution. These beetles are primarily predatory and are commonly found in ground-level habitats, often beneath rocks and debris. The genus exhibits considerable ecological diversity, with species showing varied substrate preferences ranging from sandy soils to subterranean environments.
Raphignathoidea
Raphignathoidea is a superfamily of mites in the order Trombidiformes, comprising approximately 1,087 species across 62 genera and 12 families. The group exhibits diverse feeding strategies, including predation on small invertebrates, herbivory, and parasitism. Many species have commercial value in biological pest control. The superfamily occupies varied microhabitats from soil and leaf litter to aquatic environments and agricultural crops.
Rasahus
Rasahus is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, containing 26 described species restricted to the Neotropical region. The genus was established by Amyot & Serville in 1843 and is classified within the subfamily Peiratinae. Species within this genus are predatory true bugs that capture and feed on other arthropods. The genus includes several well-known species such as Rasahus hamatus and Rasahus biguttatus.
Rasahus thoracicus
Western Corsair Bug, Western Corsair
Rasahus thoracicus, commonly known as the Western Corsair Bug, is an assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. Adults display orange and black coloration with distinctive orange spots on each wing. The species is nocturnal and attracted to bright lights, where it hunts other insects. Unlike most assassin bugs, its bite is notably painful to humans. It is one of two "two spotted corsairs," the other being Rasahus biguttatus.
Repipta
Repipta is a genus of assassin bugs (Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) established by Stål in 1859. The genus contains at least 25 species, with the majority distributed in the Neotropics and some extending into the Nearctic region. Species in this genus are predatory, with documented life cycles showing five nymphal instars and total development from egg to adult of approximately 2-3 months under laboratory conditions. Two species, R. flavicans and R. taurus, have been studied in detail regarding their immature stages and developmental biology.
Repipta taurus
Red Bull Assassin, red bull assassin bug
Repipta taurus is an assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, commonly known as the red bull assassin. It is a predatory species with five nymphal instars and a total nymphal development period of approximately 60 days under laboratory conditions. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, with eggs deposited in soil.
Rhagio lineola
Small Fleck-winged Snipefly
Rhagio lineola is a small snipefly in the family Rhagionidae, native to the Palearctic region and introduced to eastern North America. Adults are 5.5–8 mm in length with distinctive yellow and black coloration. The species has a two-year life cycle with adults active from late May through September. Both adults and larvae are predatory, contributing to biological control of small insects in woodland ecosystems.
Rhiginia
Rhiginia is a genus of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) established by Stål in 1859. The genus is placed in the subfamily Ectrichodiinae, a group of reduviids commonly known as millipede assassin bugs due to their specialized predation on millipedes. Species of Rhiginia are generally active, alert, and strong fliers. The genus is restricted to the New World, with species documented from the Americas.
Rhiginia cinctiventris
millipede assassin
Rhiginia cinctiventris is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, specifically classified within the millipede assassin subfamily Ectrichodiinae. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. As a member of the Ectrichodiinae, it belongs to a specialized group of predatory true bugs known for preying on millipedes.
Rhodacaroidea
Rhodacaroidea is a superfamily of predatory mites in the order Mesostigmata, comprising six families and over 900 described species worldwide. These mites are predominantly soil-dwelling, with highest abundance and diversity in soil and litter habitats. They have received attention as potential biological control agents due to their predatory habits. The group is among the more studied mesostigmatid superfamilies, though detailed biological and ecological knowledge remains limited for many species.
Rocconota
Rocconota is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Harpactorinae. The genus was established by Stål in 1859 and contains approximately ten described species, primarily distributed in the Neotropical region. Members of this genus are predatory true bugs, consistent with the biology of the Reduviidae family. The genus name is derived from Greek roots referring to its distinctive tuberculate or spiny morphology.
Rocconota annulicornis
Ring-horned Assassin Bug
Rocconota annulicornis, commonly known as the Ring-horned Assassin Bug, is a species of predatory true bug in the family Reduviidae. It is distributed across North and Central America. The species belongs to the subfamily Harpactorinae, a diverse group of assassin bugs characterized by raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. The specific epithet 'annulicornis' refers to ringed or banded antennae, a distinctive feature of this species.
Saica elkinsi
Saica elkinsi is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, first described by Blinn in 1994. It is native to North America and belongs to the subfamily Saicinae, a group characterized by raptorial forelegs adapted for capturing prey. Members of the genus Saica are slender, long-legged predators found in tropical and subtropical habitats.
Saldinae
Saldinae is a subfamily of shore bugs (family Saldidae) within the true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Members are small, predatory insects associated with moist shoreline habitats. The subfamily contains multiple genera distributed across temperate and tropical regions worldwide.
Salpingogaster
Salpingogaster is a genus of hoverflies (family Syrphidae) containing at least 30 described species. At least one species, S. nigra, has been documented as a predator of froghopper nymphs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in pasture ecosystems. The genus belongs to the tribe Syrphini within the subfamily Syrphinae.
Saprinus lugens
clown beetle
Saprinus lugens is a small clown beetle in the family Histeridae, measuring 5–8 mm. The species has a broad geographic distribution spanning Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), Central America, and North America. It has been introduced to parts of Europe including France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The beetle is predatory and commonly associated with carrion, where it feeds on other small insects.
Saprinus pensylvanicus
Pennsylvania Clown Beetle
Saprinus pensylvanicus is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae, distributed across eastern North America from New England to Florida. Like other histerid beetles, it is predatory and associated with decomposing organic matter. The species is part of a diverse genus of small, compact beetles known for their shiny appearance and habit of playing dead when disturbed.
Scathophagidae
Dung Flies
Scathophagidae is a small family of calyptrate flies within the superfamily Muscoidea, comprising approximately 500 described species in 66 genera. Commonly called 'dung flies,' this name is misleading as only a few species in the genus Scathophaga actually develop in animal dung. The family exhibits diverse larval biology including plant feeding, aquatic predation, and predation on other insect larvae in moist organic substrates. Adults are predatory on small insects and are frequently observed hunting on flowers rather than pollinating. The family is predominantly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, with exceptional diversity in the Russian Far East and strong representation in Arctic tundra habitats.
Scathophaginae
dung flies, yellow dung flies
Scathophaginae is a subfamily of predatory flies within the family Scathophagidae, commonly known as dung flies. The subfamily contains at least 30 genera and approximately 130 described species. Adults are frequently associated with dung and decaying organic matter, where they occur in large numbers. The group is notable for being predatory rather than coprophagous, with both adults and larvae feeding on other insects.
Scellus
long-legged flies
Scellus is a genus of long-legged flies in the family Dolichopodidae, distributed across the Palearctic and Nearctic regions. Males possess distinctive flag-like abdominal appendages called signa, connected by a U-shaped cingulum, which likely function in courtship signaling. The genus is closely related to Hydatostega, which shares a reduced form of this structure.
Scleropogon bradleyi
Scleropogon bradleyi is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, a group of predatory dipterans known for their aggressive hunting behavior. The species was originally described as Stenopogon bradleyi by Bromley in 1937 before being transferred to the genus Scleropogon. As with other asilids, it likely preys on other insects, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. The genus Scleropogon comprises medium to large robber flies found primarily in arid and semi-arid regions of western North America.
Scolopendridae
Scolopendrid Centipedes
Scolopendridae is a family of large centipedes in the order Scolopendromorpha. Members are characterized by having 21 pairs of legs in most species, with rare exceptions showing 23, 39, or 43 leg pairs. The family includes notable amphibious species and exhibits considerable diversity in eye morphology, with most species possessing four ocelli per side but some being completely eyeless. Several species show sexual dimorphism in venom composition.
Scymnini
Dusky Lady Beetles, dusky ladybugs
Scymnini is a tribe of minute lady beetles (Coccinellidae) commonly known as dusky ladybugs. Adults are typically 1–2 mm long with hemispherically domed, densely hairy bodies. The tribe has been synonymized with Coccidulini under modern classifications. Members are predatory as both adults and larvae, feeding on spider mites, scale insects, whiteflies, and aphids. Many species are economically important as biological control agents of agricultural pests.
Sinea spinipes
Spiny Assassin Bug
Sinea spinipes is a North American assassin bug in the subfamily Harpactorinae, commonly known as the Spiny Assassin Bug. It is native to the midwestern United States where it inhabits roadsides, forest edges, and open fields with scattered trees. In southern Illinois, populations are univoltine, producing one brood per year. The species is part of a complex of similar Sinea species that can be distinguished by leg morphology.
Skwala
springflies
Skwala is a genus of springflies (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) established by Ricker in 1943, containing approximately five described species distributed across North America and Asia. Species in this genus are amphibiotic, with aquatic nymphal stages in freshwater streams and terrestrial adults. At least one species, Skwala pusilla, has been documented as predatory. The genus has been subject to cytogenetic study, with Skwala compacta representing the first photographic documentation of stonefly chromosomes.
Smarididae
Smarididae is a family of large predatory mites in the order Trombidiformes. Members possess elongated oval bodies with a distinctive pointed anterior, dense setation, and often striking red coloration. The family includes exceptionally large species, with the Cretaceous fossil *Immensmaris chewbaccei* representing the largest known erythraeoid mite at over 8 mm in length. These active predators are part of the superfamily Erythraeoidea, characterized by their slender, sometimes elongated legs and reduced eye number (one or two pairs).
Spaziphora
Spaziphora is a genus of small to medium-sized predatory flies in the family Scathophagidae. The genus contains at least three described species, including the widespread S. hydromyzina. Members are found in northern Europe, with records from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. As scathophagid flies, they are associated with dung and decaying organic matter habitats where they hunt as larvae.
Sphaeromiini
biting midges
Sphaeromiini is a tribe of predatory biting midges within the family Ceratopogonidae. The tribe comprises approximately 7 genera and at least 40 described species. Members are characterized as insectivorous, preying on other small insects. The Australian and New Guinea fauna has been subject to recent taxonomic revision, with significant species diversity documented in these regions.
Squillidae
Squillid Mantis Shrimps
Squillidae is the sole family in the superfamily Squilloidea, representing the most diverse family of mantis shrimps (Stomatopoda) in terms of genus-level diversity. Members are marine crustaceans characterized by raptorial appendages used for capturing prey. The type genus Squilla gives the family its name. This family encompasses numerous genera distributed primarily in shallow to moderately deep marine waters.
Stenolemus spiniventris
Stenolemus spiniventris is a thread-legged bug in the assassin bug family Reduviidae, first described by Signoret in 1858. It belongs to the subfamily Emesinae, characterized by extremely slender, elongate legs and body form. The species occurs in Central America and North America, though detailed natural history information remains limited in published sources.
Stenopodainae
Stenopodainae is a subfamily of assassin bugs (Reduviidae) containing approximately 113 genera and ~770 species worldwide. Members are predominantly tropical, with many species associated with soil or sand substrates. The subfamily is characterized by distinctive morphological features including prominent mandibular plates and a modified antennal structure. Many species exhibit wing reduction (aptery) and cryptic coloration. Some species have been observed to use plant-derived resin on their forelegs to aid in prey capture.
Stichopogon argenteus
Silvery Pirate
Stichopogon argenteus is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, commonly known as the Silvery Pirate. Like other members of its genus, it is a predatory fly associated with sandy or barren habitats. The species was originally described by Thomas Say in 1823 as Dasypogon argenteus before being transferred to Stichopogon.
Synthesiomyia
Synthesiomyia is a small genus of muscid flies in the family Muscidae. The genus contains at least one well-documented species, Synthesiomyia nudiseta, which has gained forensic importance as a carrion-associated fly in tropical, subtropical, and recently colonized Palearctic regions. Species in this genus exhibit facultative predatory behavior and are used in postmortem interval estimation.
Tachytrechus
Tachytrechus is a genus of long-legged flies in the family Dolichopodidae, containing approximately 152 species. Members of this genus are small predatory flies, with at least one species (Tachytrechus angustipennis) documented in thermal effluent systems. The genus has undergone significant taxonomic revision, with several species reassigned to related genera including Aphalacrosoma, Paraclius, and Aphrosylus.
Tachytrechus moechus
Tachytrechus moechus is a species of long-legged fly in the family Dolichopodidae, described by Loew in 1861. Members of this genus are part of a diverse family of small to medium predatory flies known for their metallic coloration and agile flight. Like other dolichopodids, they are predatory on small insects. The genus Tachytrechus is distinguished from related genera by specific morphological features of the male genitalia and leg ornamentation.
Teneriffiidae
Teneriffiidae is a family of prostigmatic mites in the order Trombidiformes, first described by Thor in 1911. These are moderate-sized, fast-walking predatory mites with a life cycle consisting of egg, prelarva, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, tritonymph, and adult stages. Taxonomic revision has reduced the number of valid genera to two: Teneriffia (palpgenu oncophysis absent) and Parateneriffia (palpgenu oncophysis present), with seven other genera synonymized. The family occupies diverse terrestrial habitats including trees, rocks, caves, and mountains, with some species adapted to subterranean environments.
Tetraphleps
minute pirate bugs
Tetraphleps is a genus of minute pirate bugs in the family Anthocoridae, containing approximately 10 described species. Five species occur in North America: T. canadensis, T. pilosipes, T. feratis, T. latipennis, and T. uniformis. The genus was established by Fieber in 1860. Species in this genus are small predatory true bugs.
Thermonectus nigrofasciatus nigrofasciatus
Thermonectus nigrofasciatus nigrofasciatus is a subspecies of predatory diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. The nominate subspecies occurs in North and Middle America. Members of the genus Thermonectus are recognized for their distinctive color patterns and aquatic lifestyle.
Thesprotia graminis
American grass mantis, grass-like mantis
Thesprotia graminis is a small, cryptic mantid native to the southeastern United States. It exhibits remarkable camouflage resembling pine needles or grass blades, achieved through both coloration and posture. The species is notable as the only member of its genus occurring outside South America. It can reproduce both sexually and parthenogenetically.
cryptic-colorationparthenogenesissexual-dimorphismwing-dimorphismgrass-mimicrypine-needle-mimicrysoutheastern-US-endemichemimetabolousoothecabeneficial-insectThespidaemantodeapredatorycamouflage-behaviorpronotum-elongatesingle-dorsal-spine-forelegnon-feeding-first-instarpseudo-iteroparous-reproductionsemelparous-with-multiple-oothecaetympana-present-(unstudied)sexual-cannibalism-unknownTyrannocoris
Tyrannocoris is a genus of stink bugs (Pentatomidae) established in 1992. The genus is characterized by predatory habits, distinguishing it from the primarily herbivorous majority of stink bugs. It is one of several predatory genera within the family. The genus has been documented in the Americas with limited but growing observational records.
Tytthus uniformis
Tytthus uniformis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Henry in 2012. It belongs to the genus Tytthus, a group of small predatory mirids known for their association with leafhopper prey. The species is documented from the southwestern United States.
Veigaiidae
Veigaiidae is a family of free-living predatory mites in the order Mesostigmata. They inhabit soil and decaying organic matter, with some species specialized for rocky shorelines. The genus Veigaia is particularly widespread in the Holarctic Region.
Veliidae
riffle bugs, small water striders, broad-shouldered water striders, ripple bugs
Veliidae is a large family of predatory true bugs in the suborder Heteroptera, comprising approximately 1173 species across 66 genera. Members are small (1.5–6 mm), surface-dwelling insects that walk on water using surface tension and hydrophobic leg adaptations. They are distinguished from the related family Gerridae by their broader pronotum, smaller size, and internal genitalia differences. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution excluding Antarctica, with centers of origin in the Indo-Malayan region and the Caribbean.
Vespula vidua
widow yellowjacket, long yellowjacket
Vespula vidua is a species of social wasp in the family Vespidae, commonly known as the widow yellowjacket or long yellowjacket. It is native to North America and exhibits typical yellowjacket biology with annual colonies founded by overwintering queens. Unlike some urban-adapted yellowjacket species, V. vidua is strictly predatory and does not scavenge at human food sources. The species is known to be a host for the facultative social parasite Vespula squamosa (Southern Yellowjacket), which can usurp its nests.
Vicelva
Vicelva is an extant genus of rove beetles (Staphylinidae: Phloeocharinae) described in 1973. A fossil species, V. rasilis, from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber provides the earliest known record of the genus. Extant species occur in western North America, the Russian Far East, and Kazakhstan. The biology of living species remains poorly documented.
Willistonina
Willistonina is a genus of robber flies (family Asilidae) established by Back in 1908. As members of the Asilidae, these predatory flies are characterized by their robust build and aerial hunting behavior. The genus contains relatively few described species and is poorly represented in collections and observations. Limited information exists regarding its species-level diversity and biology.
Xantholinini
Xantholinini is a tribe of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) comprising approximately 141 genera with a cosmopolitan distribution across all zoogeographical regions. Members are small to medium-sized (2–20 mm), slender, short-winged beetles with elongated bodies and relatively short legs adapted for moving through narrow spaces. The tribe has been the subject of extensive taxonomic revision, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey, China, and the Neotropics, with numerous new species described in recent decades.
Xylomya terminalis
Xylomya terminalis is a species of wood soldier fly in the family Xylomyidae, described by Vasey in 1977. The species is known from the eastern United States, with records from Vermont and other states. Xylomyidae are predatory flies whose larvae develop in decaying wood and under bark. Adults are typically found in woodland habitats.
Zeluroides
Zeluroides is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae, established by Lent & Wygodzinsky in 1948. The genus contains at least two described species: Z. americanus and Z. mexicanus. As members of the Reduviinae subfamily, these predatory true bugs possess the raptorial forelegs and piercing-sucking mouthparts characteristic of assassin bugs.