Pterostichus

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Pterostichus: /ˌtɛrəˈstɪkəs/

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Summary

Pterostichus is a large genus of ground beetles with a Holarctic distribution, characterized by their predatory nature and preference for moist, sandy soils. They have over 1,200 species, exhibiting various ecological roles across different environments.

Physical Characteristics

Mentum tooth emarginate at apex; inner lobe of the maxilla prolonged into a heavily sclerotized, arched, inwardly directed tooth that appears hooked; terminal segment of all palpi cylindrical or fusiform; antennae pubescent from and including the fourth segment; prothorax with single or double laterobasal fovea and with two lateral setae; elytral epipleura crossed; most species exhibit abbreviated scutellar stria with an ocellate puncture at its base; first metatarsal segment usually with external furrow.

Identification Tips

Look for the distinctive emarginate mentum and unique maxillary tooth structure. The presence of pubescent antennae beginning at the fourth segment is also a key identifying feature.

Habitat

Typically found under rocks and in slightly moist, sandy soil; habitat preferences vary among species.

Distribution

Holarctic distribution, more diverse in Eurasia; in North America, greater diversity is found in northern regions and mountainous areas.

Diet

Primarily predatory; some species may occasionally feed on strawberries.

Ecosystem Role

Predatory beetles contributing to the control of pest populations in the soil.

Economic Impact

They can occasionally impact agricultural practices, particularly if certain species feed on strawberries.

Collecting Methods

• Sampling under rocks
• Using pitfall traps
• Sweep netting in suitable habitats

Preservation Methods

• Pinning
• Alcohol preservation

Misconceptions

Some believe all ground beetles are harmful pests, but most Pterostichus species are beneficial as they control pest populations.

Tags

• ground beetle
• Holarctic
• predatory insect
• Coleoptera