True-bugs
Guides
Acanthocheila
lace bugs
Acanthocheila is a genus of lace bugs (family Tingidae) established by Stål in 1858. The genus comprises approximately 17 described species. Lace bugs in this genus exhibit the characteristic reticulated, lace-like forewings typical of the family Tingidae. Species within Acanthocheila are primarily associated with host plants, though specific host associations remain incompletely documented for many species.
Anochrostomus
Anochrostomus is a genus of seed bugs (family Lygaeidae) established by Slater in 1992. The genus contains at least two described species: Anochrostomus formosus, described by Blanchard in 1840, and Anochrostomus formosoides, described by Baranowski in 2005. Both species epithets suggest a connection to Formosa (Taiwan), though this may reflect type localities or morphological resemblance rather than geographic restriction. The genus is placed in the subfamily Lygaeinae within the lygaeoid group of true bugs.
Antillocoris pilosulus
dirt-colored seed bug
Antillocoris pilosulus is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae, first described by Stål in 1874. It belongs to the tribe Antillocorini within the subfamily Rhyparochrominae. The species has been documented from multiple localities across North America and the Caribbean, with confirmed records from the United States, Canada, and the Dominican Republic.
Arhyssus barberi
Arhyssus barberi is a species of scentless plant bug in the family Rhopalidae, described by Harris in 1942. It belongs to a genus of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) commonly known as rhopalid bugs. Members of the genus Arhyssus are typically associated with herbaceous vegetation. The species has been recorded in western North America, including British Columbia.
Artheneidae
Artheneid Bugs
Artheneidae is a family of true bugs in the order Hemiptera, containing approximately 7 genera and at least 20 described species. The family was previously classified within Lygaeidae but is now recognized as distinct. It comprises three subfamilies: Artheneinae, Dilompinae, and Nothochrominae. Members are distributed across parts of Europe, with records from Denmark and Sweden.
Atomoscelis
Atomoscelis is a genus of true bugs in the family Miridae, established by Reuter in 1875. As a member of the plant bug family, species in this genus are likely associated with vegetation, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. The genus is part of the diverse Cimicomorpha infraorder, which includes many predatory and plant-feeding heteropterans. Records indicate at least some species occur in North America, but comprehensive taxonomic revision is lacking.
Balboa
dirt-colored seed bugs
Balboa is a genus of dirt-colored seed bugs in the family Rhyparochromidae, described by Distant in 1893. These true bugs are characterized by their dull, earth-toned coloration and association with plant seeds. The genus includes species such as Balboa ampliata, which has been documented in prairie and foothill habitats in Colorado.
Berytidae
stilt bugs, thread bugs
Berytidae, commonly known as stilt bugs or thread bugs, is a family of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) characterized by exceptionally long, slender legs and elongated bodies. The family contains approximately 200 species worldwide, classified into three subfamilies: Berytinae, Gampsocorinae, and Metacanthinae. Members range from 3-10 mm in length and display coloration from brown to yellow. While most species are phytophagous, feeding on plant sap, some exhibit predatory behavior on small insects. Several species are economically significant as pests of cultivated crops, particularly tomatoes and tobacco, where feeding damage can cause flower abortion, fruit distortion, and unsalable produce.
Blissidae
Chinch Bugs and Allies
Blissidae is a family of true bugs (Hemiptera) comprising over 400 species in nearly 50 genera. Members are elongate insects, typically four to seven times as long as broad, with many species exhibiting short-winged forms. All species feed on plant sap, primarily from grasses (Poaceae) and sedges (Cyperaceae), with most living between leaf sheaths. The family was elevated from subfamily status within Lygaeidae by Thomas Henry in 1997. Several species are significant agricultural pests, notably Blissus leucopterus (true chinch bug), which damages corn and other cereal crops.
Bothynotus
Bothynotus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Fieber in 1864. The genus contains approximately 14 described species distributed across Europe and North America. Species have been described from the 19th century through 1985, with several additions by T. Henry in 1979. The genus is part of the diverse mirid fauna but remains relatively poorly studied compared to some larger mirid genera.
Brooksetta
Brooksetta is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Kelton in 1979. The genus contains approximately 13 described species, all native to North America. These insects are small, soft-bodied true bugs within the order Hemiptera. As members of Miridae, they possess piercing-sucking mouthparts characteristic of the family.
Burtinus
Burtinus is a genus of broad-headed bugs in the family Alydidae, established by Stål in 1860. The genus contains at least two described species: Burtinus luteomarginatus and Burtinus notatipennis. Members of this genus are found in the Americas, with records from southern North America through South America.
Cariniocoris geminatus
Cariniocoris geminatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Knight in 1929 under the basionym Plagiognathus geminatus. It belongs to the infraorder Cimicomorpha, a diverse group of true bugs that includes many plant-feeding species. The genus Cariniocoris is part of the large and economically significant family Miridae, commonly known as plant bugs or capsid bugs. Information specific to the biology and ecology of C. geminatus is limited in available sources.
Castolus
Castolus is a genus of assassin bugs (family Reduviidae) comprising approximately 16 described species. Members of this genus belong to the subfamily Harpactorinae, a diverse group of predatory true bugs. The genus was established by Carl Stål in 1858. Like other reduviids, species in this genus are predatory, though specific natural history details for most Castolus species remain poorly documented.
Centrocoris
Centrocoris is a genus of true bugs in the family Coreidae, subfamily Coreinae, tribe Coreini. It was established by Kolenati in 1845 and contains approximately nine described species distributed across the Palearctic region, particularly in arid and semi-arid zones of Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Species in this genus are characterized by features typical of the Coreini tribe, including elongated bodies and often prominent spines on the pronotum or scutellum.
Ceratagallia siccifolia compressa
Ceratagallia siccifolia compressa is a subspecies of leafhopper described by Hamilton in 1998. As a member of family Cicadellidae, it is a true bug in the order Hemiptera. Leafhoppers in this genus are typically associated with herbaceous plant hosts.
Chelinideini
Chelinideini is a tribe of leaf-footed bugs in the family Coreidae, established by Blatchley in 1926. The tribe contains at least five described species. Members belong to the subfamily Coreinae and share the general morphology characteristic of this group of true bugs.
Clivinema
Hairy Mirids
Clivinema is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Reuter in 1876. Members of this genus are commonly known as Hairy Mirids, a name reflecting a presumably distinctive setation. The genus is part of the diverse mirid fauna within the infraorder Cimicomorpha. As with many mirid genera, detailed biological information remains limited in published literature.
Coreini
leaf-footed bugs
Coreini is a tribe of leaf-footed bugs in the family Coreidae, subfamily Coreinae. The tribe contains at least 20 genera and approximately 70 described species. Members are true bugs (Hemiptera) characterized by the expanded, leaf-like hind tibiae typical of Coreidae. Coreini represents one of the major lineages within the Coreinae, though specific diagnostic features distinguishing it from related tribes require detailed morphological examination.
Corixidae
Water Boatmen, Lesser Water Boatmen
Corixidae is a family of aquatic true bugs in the order Hemiptera, commonly known as water boatmen or lesser water boatmen. The family comprises approximately 500 species across 33-55 genera distributed worldwide in freshwater habitats, with a few species inhabiting saline waters. Members are distinguished from similar aquatic bugs by their right-side-up swimming posture, flattened body shape, and modified front legs adapted for feeding. The family exhibits diverse feeding strategies including herbivory, carnivory, detritivory, and omnivory.
Cydnoides
ebony bugs
Cydnoides is a genus of small, dark-colored true bugs in the family Thyreocoridae, commonly known as ebony bugs. The genus contains five described species distributed in North America. These insects are characterized by their compact, oval body shape and predominantly black or dark coloration. The genus was established by Malloch in 1919.
Cydnus
Cydnus is a genus of burrower bugs (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) in the tribe Cydnini, subfamily Cydninae. The genus was established by Fabricius in 1803 and is characterized by morphological features including pegs on head margins, hair-like setae on pronotum lateral margins, an anterior submarginal impressed line on the pronotum, and a triangular scutellum broader than long. The fossil genus Eocenocydnus shows affinity to Cydnus based on shared morphological traits.
Cymidae
Cymidae is a family of true bugs within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha. The family comprises approximately 60 described species distributed across 12 genera, organized into two subfamilies: Cyminae and Ontiscinae. Members are classified within the superfamily Lygaeoidea. The family includes two fossil genera: †Cephalocoris and †Procymus.
Cymodema
Cymodema is a genus of true bugs in the family Cymidae, established by Spinola in 1837. The genus contains seven described species distributed across multiple continents. Members of this genus belong to the infraorder Pentatomomorpha, placing them among the seed bugs and related groups. The genus has been documented in iNaturalist with 56 observations, indicating it is encountered with moderate frequency by naturalists.
Cymoninus
Cymoninus is a genus of true bugs in the family Ninidae, established by Breddin in 1907. The genus comprises at least four described species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. Members of this genus are small, seed-feeding heteropterans within the superfamily Lygaeoidea. The family Ninidae is relatively poorly studied compared to other lygaeoid families.
Cymus
Cymus is a genus of true bugs in the family Cymidae, established by Hahn in 1833. The genus contains at least 40 described species. Cymus has been historically classified within Lygaeidae by some sources, though modern treatments place it in Cymidae. Species in this genus are found in parts of Europe, including Norway and Sweden.
Cyphopelta
Cyphopelta is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Van Duzee in 1910. The genus contains a single described species, Cyphopelta modesta. As a member of the Miridae, it belongs to the diverse group of true bugs characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Darmistus
Darmistus is a genus of broad-headed bugs in the family Alydidae, established by Stål in 1860. The genus contains at least three described species: D. crassicornis, D. duncani, and D. subvittatus. As members of the Alydidae, these insects are characterized by their distinctive head shape and are part of the diverse true bug fauna of the Americas.
Davisonia
Davisonia is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae, and tribe Macrostelini. It was described by Dorst in 1937. The genus belongs to the diverse group of true bugs (Hemiptera) characterized by piercing-sucking mouthparts. As a member of Macrostelini, it is part of a tribe known for species with relatively slender body forms and association with various host plants.
Deraeocorini
Deraeocorini is a tribe of predatory plant bugs within the family Miridae, containing at least 19 genera and over 340 described species. Members of this tribe are generally small, soft-bodied true bugs. The tribe is distributed across multiple continents, with documented species in regions including Indochina, Europe, and North America. Some species have been observed in specialized microhabitats such as leaf galls.
Draeculacephala constricta
A species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described from western Texas in 1943. The genus Draeculacephala is characterized by distinctive head morphology, with species often exhibiting elongated or modified facial structures. Draeculacephala constricta occurs in arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States and has been documented in association with woody legumes including Vachellia constricta (whitethorn acacia), which shares its specific epithet.
leafhopperCicadellidaedesertsouthwestern-USVachelliaacaciaphloem-feederCicadomorphaHemiptera1943-descriptionDavidsonDeLongwestern-Texasaridland-insectwoody-legume-associatehead-morphologygenus-Draeculacephalainsectaarthropodaanimaliaaccepted-speciesGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBIiNaturalistobserved-313-timesAlbertaFloridaIllinoisIndianaIowaNew-MexicoArizonasummer-activityJulymonsoon-seasonphloem-feedernutrient-cyclingpredator-preyspider-preybird-preydesert-scrubsemi-aridmesquitecreosoteFabaceaehost-planttaxonomic-descriptionmale-genitaliawing-venationconcave-headproduced-headfacial-structurespecific-epithetconstrictednarrowedidentificationmorphological-detailscongenersCuernaCicadelliniCicadellinaeMembracoideaClypeataAuchenorrhynchaHexapodatrue-bugsMetazoaEukaryotaEnicocephalomorpha
unique-headed bugs
Enicocephalomorpha is an infraorder of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) commonly known as unique-headed bugs. The group was formerly thought related to Reduviidae due to head structure similarities, but is now recognized as sufficiently distinct to constitute a separate infraorder and probably represents the sister group to the rest of Heteroptera. The infraorder contains the family Enicocephalidae, with genera such as Systelloderes and Xenicocephalus. Many species remain undescribed, particularly from tropical regions.
Eustictus
Eustictus is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Reuter in 1909. The genus contains more than 30 described species. Members are classified within the suborder Heteroptera and infraorder Cimicomorpha. As mirids, they are part of a large family of true bugs commonly associated with vegetation.
Exaeretini
Exaeretini is a tribe of plant bugs within the family Miridae, comprising more than 20 genera. Members of this tribe are small to medium-sized true bugs with the characteristic hemelytra of mirids. The tribe is part of the diverse Miridae family, one of the largest families of true bugs. Little is known about the biology of most Exaeretini species.
Flexamia arizonensis
Flexamia arizonensis is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Young & Beirne in 1958. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers characterized by strong host-plant specificity, with most species dependent on particular grass species. The species is known from the southwestern United States and adjacent regions.
Flexamia huroni
Huron River Leafhopper
Flexamia huroni is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Bess & Hamilton in 1999. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations with grasses. The species is named after the Huron River in Michigan, where it was first collected. Like other members of the genus, it likely exhibits strong ecological dependence on specific grass host plants.
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lobal-biodiversity-information-facilityesbiodiversity-image-portalspanish-collectionstype-specimenlichenantarcticabernensisliyellowstoneFulvius
Fulvius is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, subfamily Cylapinae. The genus contains at least 90 described species distributed across all continents except Antarctica. Species in this genus are small, predatory or plant-feeding true bugs. The genus was established by Carl Stål in 1862.
Galeatus
Galeatus is a genus of lace bugs in the family Tingidae, comprising approximately 18 described species. These true bugs are characterized by their distinctive reticulated, lace-like forewings and flattened body form typical of the family. The genus was established by Curtis in 1833 and is classified within the infraorder Cimicomorpha. Species in this genus are found across parts of Europe and Asia based on available distribution records.
Hadronemidea
Hadronemidea is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Reuter in 1907. The genus contains two described species: Hadronemidea echinata (Gruetzmacher & Schaffner, 1977) and Hadronemidea esau Reuter, 1908. As members of Miridae, these are true bugs (Hemiptera) with piercing-sucking mouthparts. The genus is rarely encountered, with only eight observations recorded on iNaturalist.
Harmostes
scentless plant bugs
Harmostes is a genus of scentless plant bugs in the family Rhopalidae, established by Burmeister in 1835. The genus comprises approximately 32 species distributed from Canada to southern South America, with seven species documented in the United States. Members of this genus are distinguished by their lack of scent glands, a characteristic that separates them from related true bugs. They serve as prey for solitary wasps in the genus Dryudella, which paralyze them as provisions for their offspring.
Hebroidea
Velvet Water Bugs
Hebroidea is a superfamily of Heteroptera (true bugs) established by Amyot & Serville in 1843, containing the family Hebridae. Members are known as velvet water bugs and represent the smallest group within the infraorder Gerromorpha. They inhabit semiaquatic environments with dense vegetation.
Homaemus
shield-backed bugs
Homaemus is a genus of shield-backed bugs in the family Scutelleridae, containing approximately five described species native to North America. Members of this genus are characterized by their enlarged scutellum that covers most of the abdomen and wings. At least one species, Homaemus proteus, has been documented feeding on ornamental species of Rudbeckia (Asteraceae).
Hoplomachidea consors
Hoplomachidea consors is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, first described by Uhler in 1893. It is a small true bug in the order Hemiptera, suborder Heteroptera. The species has been recorded from California and Nevada in the western United States. Like other mirids, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts typical of the family.
Hyalymenus
broad-headed bugs
Hyalymenus is a genus of broad-headed bugs in the family Alydidae, established by Amyot & Serville in 1843. The genus comprises approximately six described species distributed primarily in the Americas. Members of this genus are characterized by their distinctive broad, flattened heads, a trait common to the family Alydidae. One species, Hyalymenus tarsatus, is commonly known as the Texas bow-legged bug.
Kalama
Kalama is a genus of true bugs in the family Tingidae, commonly known as lace bugs. These small, flattened insects are characterized by their intricate, reticulated wing covers that give them a lace-like appearance. The genus was established by Puton in 1876 and contains species distributed across northern Europe, with records from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Lampethusa
Lampethusa is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Distant in 1884. The genus contains eight described species distributed primarily in the Neotropical region. These true bugs belong to the diverse mirid fauna, with members ranging from the Caribbean to South America.
Largus
bordered plant bugs
Largus is a genus of true bugs in the family Largidae, commonly known as bordered plant bugs. Adults are relatively large (13–17 mm), predominantly black with orange marginal markings. Nymphs are strikingly colored metallic blue-black with a central red spot. The genus occurs across much of North America with greatest diversity in the southwestern United States. These insects are generalist herbivores that occasionally feed on carrion and fecal material.
Leucophoropterini
Leucophoropterini is a tribe of plant bugs within the family Miridae, subfamily Phylinae. The tribe contains over 100 species across more than 20 genera, with the majority distributed in eastern Asia and Australia. A single genus, Tuxedo, occurs in North America. Members are generally small, soft-bodied true bugs with phytophagous habits typical of the subfamily.
Loricula elegantula
Loricula elegantula is a minute true bug in the family Microphysidae, a group commonly known as minute pirate bugs or microphysid bugs. The species was originally described as Anthocoris elegantula by Bärensprung in 1858 before being transferred to the genus Loricula. It is known from the Azores archipelago in the North Atlantic, with records from five islands: Faial, Flores, Graciosa, Pico, and São Miguel. As a member of the Microphysidae, it likely shares the family's predatory habits, though specific ecological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Lygaeidae
seed bugs, milkweed bugs, ground bugs
Lygaeidae is a family of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) commonly known as seed bugs, milkweed bugs, or ground bugs. The family currently comprises approximately 60 genera in six subfamilies, though it was formerly much larger before numerous subfamilies were elevated to independent family status. Members are distributed worldwide and exhibit diverse feeding habits, with many species feeding on seeds, some on sap or seed pods, others being omnivores, and a few being insectivores. Several genera, including Lygaeus and Oncopeltus, are well-known for their association with milkweeds and their bright aposematic coloration.