Seed-predation

Guides

Acanthoscelides quadridentatus
Acanthoscelides quadridentatus is a seed beetle (Bruchinae) native to the Americas with introduced populations in Australia and southern Asia. In its native Brazilian Cerrado range, it exhibits phenotypic plasticity with two distinct morphs: melanic individuals that are approximately 1.1-fold larger, and lighter, smaller individuals. The species is a specialist seed predator of Mimosa setosa, attacking both M. setosa var. paludosa and M. setosa var. setosa. Attacked seeds fail to germinate, making this beetle a significant mortality factor for its host plant.
seed-beetle bruchine phenotypic-plasticity color-polymorphism Melanism Mimosa Cerrado seed-predation host-specialization thermal-melanism-hypothesis
Amblycerus
pea and bean weevils, seed beetles
Amblycerus is the second most diverse genus of seed beetles in the Americas, containing over 60 described species. These bruchid beetles are specialized seed predators, with larvae developing inside seeds of various host plants. The genus exhibits complex evolutionary patterns of host plant association, having radiated from an ancestral association with Fabaceae into at least 12 other plant families including Sterculiaceae, Boraginaceae, and Humiriaceae. Species-level identification requires examination of male genitalia and pygidial morphology.
seed-beetle bruchid pest stored-product host-shift coevolution Fabaceae seed-predation endophytic-larva species-groups male-genitalia pygidium Brazil Argentina Costa-Rica Arizona
Amblycerus vitis
Arizona Grape Bruchid
Amblycerus vitis is a seed beetle (subfamily Bruchinae) commonly known as the Arizona Grape Bruchid. The species is a specialist herbivore associated with wild grape species in the genus Vitis, particularly in arid regions of the southwestern United States. As a member of the tribe Amblycerini, it exhibits the typical bruchid life history of larval development within seeds.
bruchid seed-beetle grape-specialist southwestern-US Vitis herbivory seed-predation
Aulacoscelidinae
Aulacoscelidinae is a small beetle subfamily containing 19 species. Adults feed on foliage and juices of New World cycads. Larvae develop within cycad megagametophytes, representing a specialized seed-predation relationship. The group has been historically classified within Chrysomelidae or as a separate family.
Coleoptera Chrysomeloidea cycad-association seed-predation Neotropical
Chaetorellia
Chaetorellia is a genus of tephritid fruit flies (family Tephritidae) containing approximately 11 described species. Species in this genus are specialists on Asteraceae flower heads, with larvae developing within capitula and feeding on developing florets and seeds. Several species have been investigated or deployed as biological control agents against invasive thistles and knapweeds, particularly yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). The genus is characterized by distinctive morphological features and host-specificity patterns that have been taxonomically revised.
Tephritidae fruit-flies biological-control Asteraceae Centaurea herbivory seed-predation host-marking-pheromone classical-biological-control invasive-species-management yellow-starthistle spotted-knapweed safflower
Coleophora
Casebearers, Case-bearing moths
Coleophora is a large genus of case-bearing moths in the family Coleophoridae, comprising approximately 1,350 described species. The genus occurs on all continents but is most diverse in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions. Larvae construct distinctive portable silken cases from host plant material, which serve as key identification characters and provide protection. Many species exhibit narrow host plant specificity, with larvae feeding on seeds, flowers, or leaves.
Lepidoptera Coleophoridae case-bearer-moths herbivory seed-predation agricultural-pest host-specificity larval-cases cryptic-larvae
Gryllus pennsylvanicus
Fall Field Cricket
Gryllus pennsylvanicus, commonly known as the fall field cricket, is a widespread North American cricket species distinguished by its autumn breeding season and distinctive chirping. Adults are medium-sized crickets, 15–25 mm in length, with dark black to dark brown coloration and occasionally a slight reddish tint. The species is notable for its temperature-dependent chirping rate, which has been used as a biological thermometer. Males produce calling songs from burrow entrances to attract females, with older males typically preferred by females. The species has an annual life cycle with one generation per year, overwintering as eggs in soil.
acoustic-communication sexual-selection speciation hybrid-zone seasonal-activity temperature-dependent-behavior seed-predation household-pest
Lygaeidae
seed bugs, milkweed bugs, ground bugs
Lygaeidae is a family of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) commonly known as seed bugs, milkweed bugs, or ground bugs. The family currently comprises approximately 60 genera in six subfamilies, though it was formerly much larger before numerous subfamilies were elevated to independent family status. Members are distributed worldwide and exhibit diverse feeding habits, with many species feeding on seeds, some on sap or seed pods, others being omnivores, and a few being insectivores. Several genera, including Lygaeus and Oncopeltus, are well-known for their association with milkweeds and their bright aposematic coloration.
Hemiptera true-bugs seed-bugs milkweed-bugs agricultural-pests aposematic-coloration incomplete-metamorphosis worldwide-distribution seed-predation chemical-defense-sequestration
Orsodacnidae
Ravenous Leaf Beetles
Orsodacnidae is a small family of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) that was historically classified as a subfamily of Chrysomelidae but is now recognized as distinct. The family contains two subfamilies: Aulacoscelidinae (genera Aulacoscelis, Janbechynea) and Orsodacninae (genus Orsodacne). Members of this family exhibit specialized feeding relationships with cycads and other plants, with documented seed predation by immature stages and folivory by adults.
Chrysomeloidea leaf-beetles cycad-herbivory seed-predation gymnosperm-association Jurassic-fossil-resemblance Aulacoscelidinae Orsodacninae New-World Palearctic
Pachymerus
Pachymerus is a genus of seed beetles in the subfamily Bruchinae (formerly Bruchidae), family Chrysomelidae. Species in this genus are specialized seed predators of palms (Arecaceae), with documented associations including Syagrus coronata (licuri palm), Syagrus romanzoffiana (queen palm), and babassu palms (Orbinya spp.). The genus has been studied for its tritrophic interactions with parasitoid wasps, particularly Heterospilus species, and its role in palm seed predation in Neotropical ecosystems.
seed-beetle palm-pest Bruchinae Neotropical tritrophic-interaction seed-predation parasitoid-host
Pachymerus nucleorum
Coconut Borer
Pachymerus nucleorum is a bruchine seed beetle that develops within palm seeds, primarily attacking species in the Arecaceae family. Larvae feed on endosperm inside hard-shelled fruits, with documented hosts including babassu palm (Attalea/Orbinya spp.), licuri palm (Syagrus coronata), and queen palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana). The species occurs in Brazilian biomes including Caatinga and Atlantic Forest remnants, where it functions as a primary seed predator. Adults are subject to parasitism by braconid wasps, particularly Heterospilus prosopodis. The species has been observed in both natural vegetation and managed habitats, with parasitism rates varying by habitat complexity.
seed-beetle bruchine palm-pest Caatinga Atlantic-Forest tritrophic-interaction parasitoid Heterospilus Syagrus seed-predation amylase endosperm-feeder
Pogonomyrmex californicus subnitidus
Pogonomyrmex californicus subnitidus is a subspecies of the California harvester ant, a seed-collecting ant native to arid regions of western North America. Like other harvester ants, it constructs conspicuous nest disks cleared of vegetation and plays significant ecological roles as a seed predator, soil engineer, and food source for vertebrate predators. The species possesses a powerful sting used defensively against mammalian threats. This subspecies is part of a taxon increasingly recognized as a keystone species in desert ecosystems rather than an agricultural pest.
harvester-ant seed-predation keystone-species desert-ecology myrmecochory stinging-ant nest-engineer soil-fertility Indigenous-use ecosystem-engineer
Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri
Hoelldobler's Harvester Ant
Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri is a seed-harvesting ant species described in 2013 from the Mohave and Sonoran Deserts of North America. It was previously confused with P. magnacanthus but differs in having normally sized eyes, cephalic rugae that converge posterior to the eyes near the vertex, mandibles with seven teeth, and moderately to strongly granulate interrugal spaces on pronotal sides. Molecular phylogenetic analysis supports its close relationship with P. magnacanthus and P. mohavensis within the P. californicus species group.
ants harvester-ants desert-fauna seed-predation North-America
Pogonomyrmex salinus
Owyhee Harvester Ant
Pogonomyrmex salinus is a harvester ant species native to sagebrush-steppe habitats of the western United States. A 5-year field study in southwestern Idaho documented colony dynamics and vegetation associations, finding population density inversely related to sagebrush cover and positively associated with non-cheatgrass understory vegetation. The species avoids cheatgrass seeds in its diet, preferring small-seeded grasses and forbs. Colony survival rates improve after the first year, with 12.4% first-year failure compared to 4.6–8.4% in subsequent years.
harvester-ant sagebrush-steppe seed-predation Idaho nest-ecology
Pogonomyrmex tenuispinus
Pogonomyrmex tenuispinus is a species of harvester ant in the genus Pogonomyrmex. Like other members of this genus, it is a seed-collecting ant native to arid regions. The species was described by Auguste Forel in 1914. As a harvester ant, it likely participates in seed dispersal and ecosystem engineering through nest construction, though specific ecological studies for this species are limited.
harvester-ant seed-collecting-ant arid-adapted-ant Pogonomyrmex Myrmicinae Formicidae Hymenoptera Insecta Arthropoda Animalia Forel-1914 species accepted Pogonomyrmex-tenuispinus Pogonomyrmecini Aculeata Apocrita Hexapoda Eukaryota Metazoa Vespoidea insect ant seed-harvester desert-ant native-species keystone-species-candidate ecosystem-engineer myrmecochory nest-disk island-of-fertility stinging-ant venomous-insect arthropod hymenopteran formicid myrmicine-ant pogonomyrmecine-ant harvester-ant-species Pogonomyrmex-species North-American-ant western-North-America-ant arid-region-ant xeric-habitat-ant granivorous-ant seed-predator seed-disperser soil-engineer vegetation-engineer nest-rim-vegetation biodiversity-hotspot-creator food-web-participant predator prey insectivore-food-source rodent-defense mammal-defense painful-sting Schmidt-sting-pain-index Justin-Schmidt Derek-Uhey Richard-Hofstetter keystone-species pest-perception range-management rangeland-ecology restoration-ecology 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existed-at-factor been-at-factor occurred-at-factor happened-at-factor taken-place-at-factor transpired-at-factor resulted-at-factor ensued-at-factor followed-at-factor succeeded-at-factor preceded-at-factor anteceded-at-factor led-to-at-factor caused-at-factor produced-at-factor effected-at-factor brought-about-at-factor given-rise-to-at-factor stemmed-at-factor arisen-at-factor derived-at-factor originated-at-factor emerged-at-factor sprung-at-factor flowed-at-factor accorded-at-factor depended-at-factor relied-at-factor rested-at-factor based-at-factor grounded-at-factor founded-at-factor built-at-factor constructed-at-factor erected-at-factor established-at-factor set-up-at-factor installed-at-factor placed-at-factor put-at-factor laid-at-factor settled-at-factor located-at-factor situated-at-factor positioned-at-factor stationed-at-factor posted-at-factor assigned-at-factor allotted-at-factor apportioned-at-factor distributed-at-factor given-at-factor granted-at-factor awarded-at-factor conferred-at-factor bestowed-at-factor presented-at-factor offered-at-factor proposed-at-factor suggested-at-factor recommended-at-factor advised-at-factor counseled-at-factor consulted-at-factor discussed-at-factor talked-at-factor spoken-at-factor said-at-factor told-at-factor informed-at-factor notified-at-factor reported-at-factor announced-at-factor proclaimed-at-factor published-at-factor issued-at-factor released-at-factor circulated-at-factor broadcast-at-factor transmitted-at-factor sent-at-factor dispatched-at-factor mailed-at-factor shipped-at-factor transported-at-factor conveyed-at-factor delivered-at-factor