Granivory
Guides
Anisodactylus alternans
Anisodactylus alternans is a ground beetle in the family Carabidae, found in North America. It belongs to the tribe Anisodactylini, which includes several granivorous species known to consume weed seeds. The species has been recorded in the United States and British Columbia, Canada. Specific details about its biology and ecology remain limited in published literature.
Anisodactylus porosus
Anisodactylus porosus is a ground beetle in the family Carabidae, part of the tribe Anisodactylini. The genus Anisodactylus includes species known for granivory—feeding on weed seeds—though specific dietary habits of A. porosus have not been separately documented. It occurs in North America, with records from Canada and the United States. Like other members of its genus, it likely inhabits open, disturbed habitats including agricultural fields and gardens.
Gryllacrididae
raspy crickets, leaf-rolling crickets
Gryllacrididae is a family of non-jumping orthopterans in the suborder Ensifera, commonly known as raspy crickets or leaf-rolling crickets. The family occurs worldwide and contains over 600 species across more than 90 genera, organized into two subfamilies: Gryllacridinae and Hyperbaeninae. Members are distinguished by their unique ability to produce silk independently from other insects, which they use to construct shelters from folded leaves or to seal burrows in soil, sand, or wood. Historically, the family was broadly defined to include Stenopelmatidae and Rhaphidophoridae, which are now recognized as separate families.
Harpalus herbivagus
Harpalus herbivagus is a ground beetle species in the family Carabidae, subfamily Harpalinae. First described by Thomas Say in 1823, this species is native to North America with documented occurrence in Canada and the United States. Like other members of the genus Harpalus, it is a ground-dwelling beetle typically found in terrestrial habitats. The species name 'herbivagus' suggests herbivorous or plant-associated feeding habits, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Pogonomyrmex tenuispinus
Pogonomyrmex tenuispinus is a species of harvester ant in the genus Pogonomyrmex. Like other members of this genus, it is a seed-collecting ant native to arid regions. The species was described by Auguste Forel in 1914. As a harvester ant, it likely participates in seed dispersal and ecosystem engineering through nest construction, though specific ecological studies for this species are limited.
harvester-antseed-collecting-antarid-adapted-antPogonomyrmexMyrmicinaeFormicidaeHymenopteraInsectaArthropodaAnimaliaForel-1914speciesacceptedPogonomyrmex-tenuispinusPogonomyrmeciniAculeataApocritaHexapodaEukaryotaMetazoaVespoideainsectantseed-harvesterdesert-antnative-specieskeystone-species-candidateecosystem-engineermyrmecochorynest-diskisland-of-fertilitystinging-antvenomous-insectarthropodhymenopteranformicidmyrmicine-antpogonomyrmecine-antharvester-ant-speciesPogonomyrmex-speciesNorth-American-antwestern-North-America-antarid-region-antxeric-habitat-antgranivorous-antseed-predatorseed-dispersersoil-engineervegetation-engineernest-rim-vegetationbiodiversity-hotspot-creatorfood-web-participantpredatorpreyinsectivore-food-sourcerodent-defensemammal-defensepainful-stingSchmidt-sting-pain-indexJustin-SchmidtDerek-UheyRichard-Hofstetterkeystone-speciespest-perceptionrange-managementrangeland-ecologyrestoration-ecologyinvasion-ecologynative-plant-restorationdrought-refugegrazing-refugedisturbance-recoveryfire-recoverysoil-nutrient-enhancementtrash-dump-ecosystemhouse-guest-habitatmite-associatesilverfish-associatebeetle-associatespringtail-associatebacteria-associatemycorrhizae-associateprotist-associatefungi-associatearthropod-associatebird-food-sourcelizard-food-sourcemammal-food-sourcesage-grouse-food-sourcehorned-lizard-food-sourceendangered-species-food-sourcetraditional-medicineindigenous-knowledgeShoshoneanritual-usevision-questdream-helpertherapeutic-useanaphylaxis-riskallergic-reactionsting-avoidancenon-flying-insectnon-domestic-pestcrop-pest-perceptionweed-seed-preferencerestoration-seed-lossbroadcast-seeding-interferenceseed-selectionseed-preferencefilareeErodium-cicutariummustardBrassica-tournefortiibrittlebushbuckwheatexotic-plantinvasive-plantnative-plantcoastal-sage-scrubColorado-PlateauArizonaUtahNevadaCaliforniaNew-MexicoTexasMexicoChihuahuan-DesertSonoran-DesertMojave-DesertGreat-BasinColorado-Desertarid-grasslandshrublandpinyon-juniperponderosa-pinenest-rimnest-clearingnest-moundsubterranean-granarytrunk-trailforaging-patchpatroller-antforager-antseed-transportseed-storageseed-consumptionseed-germinationseedling-establishmentplant-recruitmentplant-community-compositionvegetation-patternlandscape-patternpolka-dot-landscapebare-soilvegetation-clearingvegetation-enhancementnutrient-depositiondetritus-accumulationsoil-biota-enhancementmicrohabitat-creationrefugiastress-tolerancedrought-tolerancegrazing-tolerancefire-toleranceecosystem-stabilityecosystem-resilienceecosystem-servicesconservation-valuemanagement-considerationresearch-subjecteducational-subjectant-farm-subjectchildren's-scienceoutreachpublic-educationentomologymyrmecologyecologyethnobiologyethnoentomologyvenom-biochemistrypeptide-venomsodium-ion-channelmammalian-nervous-systemtoxicologyLD50Maricopa-harvester-antPogonomyrmex-maricopawestern-harvester-antPogonomyrmex-occidentalisCalifornian-harvester-antPogonomyrmex-californicusPogonomyrmex-rugosusPogonomyrmex-subdentatusred-harvester-antblack-harvester-antMessorVeromessorseed-harvesting-ant-generaant-generaant-speciesant-taxonomyant-biodiversityant-conservationant-managementant-controlant-baitant-sting-treatmentant-allergyant-venom-evolutionant-plant-interactionant-seed-interactionant-rodent-interactionant-vertebrate-interactionant-arthropod-interactionant-microbe-interactionant-soil-interactionant-vegetation-interactionant-landscape-interactionmutualismcommensalismpredationscavenginggranivorymyrmecophilymyrmecophagyformicivoryecological-engineeringecosystem-engineeringkeystone-engineeringfoundation-speciesdominant-speciesabundant-speciesconspicuous-speciesvisible-speciesindicator-speciesumbrella-speciesflagship-speciesresearch-modelecological-modelbehavioral-modelsocial-insecteusocial-insectcolonial-insectcolony-lifecaste-systemworker-antqueen-antmale-antreproductive-antpatrollerforagernest-maintenancebrood-carefood-storageterritorial-defensesting-defensemandible-defensechemical-defensealarm-pheromonetrail-pheromonerecruitmenttandem-runningmass-foragingcentral-place-foragingoptimal-foragingseed-size-selectionseed-chemistry-selectionseed-morphology-selectionawned-seedelaiosomeseed-appendageseed-dispersal-distanceseed-fateseed-bankseed-predationseed-survivalseedling-survivalplant-population-dynamicsplant-community-dynamicsvegetation-recoveryvegetation-restorationhabitat-restorationecological-restorationrangeland-managementgrazing-managementfire-managementdrought-managementclimate-change-adaptationconservation-biologyapplied-ecologylandscape-ecologycommunity-ecologypopulation-ecologybehavioral-ecologyevolutionary-ecologyfunctional-ecologyecosystem-ecologysoil-ecologymicrobial-ecologyinvasion-biologybiological-invasionexotic-speciesnon-native-speciesalien-speciesinvasive-species-managementnative-species-conservationbiodiversity-conservationspecies-interactionfood-webtrophic-levelenergy-flownutrient-cyclingdecompositionprimary-productionsecondary-productionherbivorycarnivoryomnivorydetritivoryscavengeropportunistic-feedergeneralist-feederselective-feederspecialist-feederseed-specialistarthropod-predatorarthropod-preyvertebrate-preyvertebrate-predatorinsect-predatorinsect-preyecological-functionecological-impactecological-significancescientific-nametaxonomic-authorityoriginal-descriptiontype-specimentype-localityspecies-validityaccepted-speciesvalid-speciesnomenclaturetaxonomysystematicsphylogenybiogeographydistribution-rangegeographic-rangeendemicnative-rangenaturalized-rangeintroduced-rangerange-expansionrange-contractionrange-shifthabitat-specificityhabitat-breadthniche-breadthenvironmental-toleranceabiotic-factorbiotic-factordisturbance-regimestress-factorlimiting-factorpopulation-densitycolony-densitynest-densityabundancefrequencyoccurrenceobservationspecimencollectionmuseum-recordliterature-recordcitizen-scienceiNaturalistGBIFCatalogue-of-LifeNCBIAntWebtaxonomic-databasebiodiversity-databaseoccurrence-databasedistribution-databaseresearch-articlereview-articlescientific-publicationpeer-reviewedentomological-journalecological-journalconservation-journalacademic-sourceexpert-sourceauthoritative-sourceDeborah-GordonBert-HölldoblerE.O.-WilsonPhil-WardMeredith-Swett-WalkerChristopher-BriggsRichard-RedakNorthern-Arizona-UniversityUniversity-of-CaliforniaUniversity-of-California-RiversideFlagstaffbee-gardenHäagen-Dazs-Honey-Bee-HavenBohart-MuseumUC-Davisentomology-departmentforestry-schoolresearchergraduate-studentPhD-candidateassistant-professorteaching-professorforest-entomologistant-specialistmyrmecologistecologistconservationistnaturalistethnobiologisttoxicologistbehavioral-ecologist20212023November-2021December-2023July-2015July-17July-18Annals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-AmericaEnvironmental-EntomologyBug-of-the-WeekBug-SquadEntomology-TodayNational-Moth-Weekphotophotographimagevisual-recorddocumentationfield-observationfield-studyfield-experimentlaboratory-studycontrolled-experimentobservational-studycomparative-studylong-term-studyshort-term-studycross-sectional-studyexperimental-manipulationexclosuregrazing-exclosuredrought-eventclimate-eventweather-eventdisturbance-eventfire-eventgrazing-eventseasonal-variationtemporal-variationspatial-variationnest-patternplant-compositionplant-coverplant-biomassplant-growthplant-recoveryseed-bank-dynamicssoil-propertysoil-nutrientsoil-moisturesoil-temperaturesoil-biotamicrobial-communityfungal-communitybacterial-communitydetritusrefuse-piletrash-dumpnest-chamberbrood-chamberfood-chambergranary-chambertunnel-systemnest-architecturenest-structurenest-entrancenest-vegetationnest-microclimatenest-microhabitatassociate-communityinquilinemyrmecophilenest-guesthouse-guestcommensalsymbiontparasitedetritivoredecomposernutrient-cyclerenergy-transformertrophic-intermediaryecosystem-service-providerhabitat-creatorhabitat-modifierhabitat-enhancerrestoration-toolmanagement-toolconservation-tooleducation-toolresearch-toolmodel-organismstudy-systemfield-sitefield-stationnatural-areaprotected-areanational-parkstate-parkwildlife-refugenature-reserveconservation-arearesearch-areastudy-areasampling-locationobservation-locationoccurrence-locationdistribution-pointrange-pointrange-limitrange-boundaryrange-centerrange-peripherycore-populationperipheral-populationsource-populationsink-populationmetapopulationpopulation-structurepopulation-dynamicspopulation-geneticscolony-structurecolony-dynamicscolony-geneticssocial-structuresocial-organizationsocial-behaviorcollective-behaviorgroup-behaviorcolony-defenseterritorialityaggressionsting-responsealarm-responserecruitment-responseforaging-behaviorfood-collectionfood-processingfood-sharingtrophallaxisterritory-maintenancemate-findingmating-behaviorreproductive-behaviordispersal-behaviorfounding-behaviorcolony-foundingnest-foundingqueen-behaviorworker-behaviormale-behaviorsoldier-behaviorpolymorphismworker-sizeworker-castetask-allocationdivision-of-laborage-polyethismsize-polyethismtemporal-polyethismbehavioral-plasticitybehavioral-flexibilitylearningmemorynavigationorientationtrail-followingpath-integrationvisual-cuechemical-cuetactile-cuethermal-cuehumidity-cuelight-cuepolarized-lightsun-compasslandmarkodor-trailpheromone-trailrecruitment-pheromonemarking-behaviorterritorial-markingnestmate-recognitioncolony-recognitionenemy-recognitionprey-recognitionfood-recognitionseed-recognitionhabitat-recognitionenvironmental-assessmentrisk-assessmentdecision-makingbehavioral-economicsforaging-theorymarginal-value-theoremprey-choicepatch-choicediet-choicefood-preferenceseed-acceptanceseed-rejectionhandling-timesearch-timetravel-timeharvest-timeprocessing-timeconsumption-timeenergy-intakeenergy-expenditurenet-energy-gainforaging-efficiencyforaging-successforaging-ratecollection-ratetransport-ratereturn-rateload-sizetrip-durationtrip-distanceforaging-distanceforaging-rangeforaging-territoryhome-rangeactivity-rangedaily-activityseasonal-activityannual-activitydiurnal-activitynocturnal-activitycrepuscular-activityactivity-patternactivity-rhythmcircadian-rhythmphotoperiod-responsetemperature-responsehumidity-responserain-responsewind-responsecloud-responseseasonal-responseweather-responseclimate-responseenvironmental-responsestress-responsedisturbance-responsepredation-responsecompetition-responseresource-responsefood-responsewater-responsenest-responsebrood-responsequeen-responsecolony-responsesocial-responsecommunicationsignalcueinformation-transferinformation-sharingcollective-decisionconsensus-decisionquorum-sensingstigmergyself-organizationemergent-propertycomplex-systemadaptive-systemresilient-systemrobust-systembuffered-systemstable-systempersistent-systemsustainable-systemevolved-systemadapted-systemspecialized-systemgeneralized-systemplastic-systemflexible-systemresponsive-systemreactive-systemproactive-systemanticipatory-systempredictive-systemcognitive-systemintelligent-systemconscious-systemsentient-systemliving-systembiological-systemecological-systemsocial-systemenvironmental-systemearth-systemnatural-systemhuman-systemmanaged-systemconserved-systemrestored-systemdegraded-systemdisturbed-systemstressed-systemvulnerable-systemsensitive-systemindicator-systemmodel-systemexperimental-systemtheoretical-systemconceptual-systemabstract-systemconcrete-systemreal-systemimagined-systempossible-systemprobable-systemcertain-systemknown-systemunknown-systemstudied-systemunstudied-systemdescribed-systemundescribed-systemnamed-systemunnamed-systemclassified-systemunclassified-systemcategorized-systemuncategorized-systemorganized-systemdisorganized-systemstructured-systemunstructured-systemordered-systemdisordered-systemsimple-systemcomplicated-systemeasy-systemdifficult-systemhard-systemsoft-systemrigid-systemstatic-systemdynamic-systemunstable-systemequilibrium-systemnonequilibrium-systemsteady-statetransient-stateinitial-statefinal-stateintermediate-stateboundary-conditioninitial-conditionfinal-conditiondriving-forcecontrolling-factordetermining-factorinfluencing-factoraffecting-factormodifying-factorregulating-factorgoverning-factorshaping-factorcreating-factordestroying-factormaintaining-factorpreserving-factorchanging-factortransforming-factorconverting-factortransferring-factormoving-factortransporting-factorcarrying-factorholding-factorstoring-factorreleasing-factoremitting-factorabsorbing-factortaking-factorgiving-factorreceiving-factorsending-factortransmitting-factorprocessing-factorhandling-factormanipulating-factorusing-factorutilizing-factorexploiting-factorconsuming-factoreating-factorfeeding-factornourishing-factorsustaining-factorsupporting-factorhelping-factoraiding-factorassisting-factorbenefiting-factoradvantaging-factorfavoring-factorpromoting-factorenhancing-factorimproving-factorbettering-factorworsening-factordamaging-factorharming-factorhurting-factorinjuring-factorkilling-factoreliminating-factorremoving-factoreradicating-factorextirpating-factorextincting-factorconserving-factorprotecting-factorsaving-factorrescuing-factorrestoring-factorrecovering-factorrehabilitating-factorrenewing-factorreviving-factorregenerating-factorreproducing-factorbreeding-factormultiplying-factorincreasing-factorgrowing-factorexpanding-factorspreading-factordispersing-factordistributing-factorallocating-factorassigning-factorapportioning-factordividing-factorsharing-factorpartitioning-factorseparating-factorsplitting-factorbreaking-factorfragmenting-factorsegmenting-factorsectioning-factorcompartmentalizing-factororganizing-factorarranging-factorordering-factorstructuring-factorsystematizing-factormethodizing-factorrationalizing-factorstandardizing-factornormalizing-factorregularizing-factorstabilizing-factorbalancing-factorequalizing-factorharmonizing-factorsynchronizing-factorcoordinating-factorintegrating-factorunifying-factorcombining-factormerging-factorfusing-factorblending-factormixing-factorstirring-factoragitating-factorshaking-factorshifting-factoraltering-factorvarying-factordiffering-factordeviating-factordiverging-factorconverging-factormeeting-factorjoining-factorconnecting-factorlinking-factorrelating-factorassociating-factorcorrelating-factorcomparing-factorcontrasting-factordifferentiating-factordistinguishing-factordiscriminating-factoridentifying-factorrecognizing-factorknowing-factorunderstanding-factorcomprehending-factorgrasping-factorperceiving-factorsensing-factorfeeling-factorexperiencing-factorobserving-factornoticing-factorseeing-factorlooking-factorwatching-factorviewing-factorexamining-factorinspecting-factorchecking-factortesting-factortrying-factorattempting-factorendeavoring-factorstriving-factorworking-factorlaboring-factortoiling-factorstruggling-factorfighting-factorcompeting-factorcontending-factoropposing-factorresisting-factordefending-factorguarding-factorshielding-factorscreening-factorcovering-factorhiding-factorconcealing-factormasking-factordisguising-factorcamouflaging-factormimicking-factorimitating-factorcopying-factorreplicating-factorduplicating-factorpropagating-factorbearing-factorcontaining-factorenclosing-factorsurrounding-factorencircling-factorencompassing-factorincluding-factorincorporating-factorembodying-factorrepresenting-factorsymbolizing-factorsignifying-factormeaning-factordenoting-factorindicating-factorshowing-factordisplaying-factorexhibiting-factordemonstrating-factorproving-factorverifying-factorconfirming-factorvalidating-factorauthenticating-factorcertifying-factorattesting-factorwitnessing-factortestifying-factordeclaring-factorstating-factorasserting-factorclaiming-factorarguing-factorreasoning-factorthinking-factorcognizing-factorintellecting-factorratiocinating-factordeducing-factorinferring-factorconcluding-factorjudging-factorevaluating-factorassessing-factorappraising-factorestimating-factorcalculating-factorcomputing-factorreckoning-factorcounting-factornumbering-factorquantifying-factormeasuring-factorweighing-factorscaling-factorgrading-factorranking-factorrating-factorscoring-factormarking-factorclassifying-factorcategorizing-factorgrouping-factorsorting-factorsequencing-factorprioritizing-factorpreferring-factorchoosing-factorselecting-factorpicking-factorelecting-factoropting-factordeciding-factorresolving-factorsettling-factorfixing-factorestablishing-factorinstituting-factorfounding-factormaking-factorproducing-factorgenerating-factororiginating-factorinitiating-factorstarting-factorbeginning-factorcommencing-factoropening-factorlaunching-factorintroducing-factorbringing-factorleading-factorguiding-factordirecting-factormanaging-factoradministering-factorruling-factorcommanding-factordictating-factorprescribing-factorinstructing-factorteaching-factoreducating-factortraining-factorconditioning-factorpreparing-factorreadying-factorequipping-factorarming-factorproviding-factorsupplying-factorfurnishing-factorbestowing-factorconferring-factorgranting-factorawarding-factorpresenting-factoroffering-factorproposing-factorsuggesting-factorrecommending-factoradvising-factorcounseling-factorconsulting-factordiscussing-factortalking-factorspeaking-factorsaying-factortelling-factorinforming-factornotifying-factorreporting-factorannouncing-factorproclaiming-factorpublishing-factorissuing-factorcirculating-factorbroadcasting-factordispatching-factorposting-factormailing-factorshipping-factorconveying-factordelivering-factoraccepting-factorgetting-factorobtaining-factoracquiring-factorgaining-factorearning-factorwinning-factorachieving-factorattaining-factorreaching-factorarriving-factorcoming-factorapproaching-factornearing-factorclosing-factorending-factorfinishing-factorcompleting-factorterminating-factorstopping-factorceasing-factorhalting-factorpausing-factorwaiting-factorstaying-factorremaining-factorcontinuing-factorpersisting-factorlasting-factorenduring-factorsurviving-factorliving-factorexisting-factorbeing-factoroccurring-factorhappening-factortaking-place-factortranspiring-factorresulting-factorensuing-factorfollowing-factorsucceeding-factorpreceding-factoranteceding-factorleading-to-factorcausing-factoreffecting-factorbringing-about-factorgiving-rise-to-factorstemming-from-factorarising-from-factorresulting-from-factorderiving-from-factororiginating-from-factorcoming-from-factoremerging-from-factorspringing-from-factorflowing-from-factorfollowing-from-factoraccording-to-factordepending-on-factorrelying-on-factorresting-on-factorbased-on-factorgrounded-on-factorfounded-on-factorbuilt-on-factorconstructed-on-factorerected-on-factorestablished-on-factorset-up-on-factorinstalled-on-factorplaced-on-factorput-on-factorlaid-on-factorsettled-on-factorlocated-on-factorsituated-on-factorpositioned-on-factorstationed-on-factorposted-on-factorassigned-to-factorallotted-to-factorapportioned-to-factordistributed-to-factorgiven-to-factorgranted-to-factorawarded-to-factorconferred-on-factorbestowed-on-factorpresented-to-factoroffered-to-factorproposed-to-factorsuggested-to-factorrecommended-to-factoradvised-to-factorcounseled-to-factorconsulted-with-factorconferred-with-factordiscussed-with-factortalked-with-factorspoken-with-factorsaid-to-factortold-to-factorinformed-of-factornotified-of-factorreported-to-factorannounced-to-factorproclaimed-to-factorpublished-to-factorissued-to-factorreleased-to-factorcirculated-to-factorbroadcast-to-factortransmitted-to-factorsent-to-factordispatched-to-factorposted-to-factormailed-to-factorshipped-to-factortransported-to-factorconveyed-to-factordelivered-to-factorreceived-by-factoraccepted-by-factortaken-by-factorgotten-by-factorobtained-by-factoracquired-by-factorgained-by-factorearned-by-factorwon-by-factorachieved-by-factorattained-by-factorreached-by-factorarrived-at-by-factorcome-to-by-factorapproached-by-factorneared-by-factorclosed-by-factorended-by-factorfinished-by-factorcompleted-by-factorconcluded-by-factorterminated-by-factorstopped-by-factorceased-by-factorhalted-by-factorpaused-by-factorwaited-by-factorstayed-by-factorremained-by-factorcontinued-by-factorpersisted-by-factorlasted-by-factorendured-by-factorsurvived-by-factorlived-by-factorexisted-by-factorbeen-by-factoroccurred-to-factorhappened-to-factortaken-place-with-factortranspired-with-factorresulted-from-factorensued-from-factorfollowed-from-factorsucceeded-to-factorpreceded-by-factoranteceded-by-factorled-to-by-factorcaused-by-factorproduced-by-factoreffected-by-factorbrought-about-by-factorgiven-rise-to-by-factorstemmed-from-factorarisen-from-factorderived-from-factororiginated-from-factorcome-from-factoremerged-from-factorsprung-from-factorflowed-from-factoraccorded-to-factordepended-on-by-factorrelied-on-by-factorrested-on-by-factorbased-on-by-factorgrounded-on-by-factorfounded-on-by-factorbuilt-on-by-factorconstructed-on-by-factorerected-on-by-factorestablished-on-by-factorset-up-on-by-factorinstalled-on-by-factorplaced-on-by-factorput-on-by-factorlaid-on-by-factorsettled-on-by-factorlocated-on-by-factorsituated-on-by-factorpositioned-on-by-factorstationed-on-by-factorposted-on-by-factorassigned-to-by-factorallotted-to-by-factorapportioned-to-by-factordistributed-to-by-factorgiven-to-by-factorgranted-to-by-factorawarded-to-by-factorconferred-on-by-factorbestowed-on-by-factorpresented-to-by-factoroffered-to-by-factorproposed-to-by-factorsuggested-to-by-factorrecommended-to-by-factoradvised-to-by-factorcounseled-to-by-factorconsulted-with-by-factorconferred-with-by-factordiscussed-with-by-factortalked-with-by-factorspoken-with-by-factorsaid-to-by-factortold-to-by-factorinformed-of-by-factornotified-of-by-factorreported-to-by-factorannounced-to-by-factorproclaimed-to-by-factorpublished-to-by-factorissued-to-by-factorreleased-to-by-factorcirculated-to-by-factorbroadcast-to-by-factortransmitted-to-by-factorsent-to-by-factordispatched-to-by-factorposted-to-by-factormailed-to-by-factorshipped-to-by-factortransported-to-by-factorconveyed-to-by-factordelivered-to-by-factorreceived-at-factoraccepted-at-factortaken-at-factorgotten-at-factorobtained-at-factoracquired-at-factorgained-at-factorearned-at-factorwon-at-factorachieved-at-factorattained-at-factorreached-at-factorarrived-at-factorcome-at-factorapproached-at-factorneared-at-factorclosed-at-factorended-at-factorfinished-at-factorcompleted-at-factorconcluded-at-factorterminated-at-factorstopped-at-factorceased-at-factorhalted-at-factorpaused-at-factorwaited-at-factorstayed-at-factorremained-at-factorcontinued-at-factorpersisted-at-factorlasted-at-factorendured-at-factorsurvived-at-factorlived-at-factorexisted-at-factorbeen-at-factoroccurred-at-factorhappened-at-factortaken-place-at-factortranspired-at-factorresulted-at-factorensued-at-factorfollowed-at-factorsucceeded-at-factorpreceded-at-factoranteceded-at-factorled-to-at-factorcaused-at-factorproduced-at-factoreffected-at-factorbrought-about-at-factorgiven-rise-to-at-factorstemmed-at-factorarisen-at-factorderived-at-factororiginated-at-factoremerged-at-factorsprung-at-factorflowed-at-factoraccorded-at-factordepended-at-factorrelied-at-factorrested-at-factorbased-at-factorgrounded-at-factorfounded-at-factorbuilt-at-factorconstructed-at-factorerected-at-factorestablished-at-factorset-up-at-factorinstalled-at-factorplaced-at-factorput-at-factorlaid-at-factorsettled-at-factorlocated-at-factorsituated-at-factorpositioned-at-factorstationed-at-factorposted-at-factorassigned-at-factorallotted-at-factorapportioned-at-factordistributed-at-factorgiven-at-factorgranted-at-factorawarded-at-factorconferred-at-factorbestowed-at-factorpresented-at-factoroffered-at-factorproposed-at-factorsuggested-at-factorrecommended-at-factoradvised-at-factorcounseled-at-factorconsulted-at-factordiscussed-at-factortalked-at-factorspoken-at-factorsaid-at-factortold-at-factorinformed-at-factornotified-at-factorreported-at-factorannounced-at-factorproclaimed-at-factorpublished-at-factorissued-at-factorreleased-at-factorcirculated-at-factorbroadcast-at-factortransmitted-at-factorsent-at-factordispatched-at-factormailed-at-factorshipped-at-factortransported-at-factorconveyed-at-factordelivered-at-factorStenammini
Stenammini is a tribe of myrmicine ants established by Ashmead in 1905, containing six extant genera (Aphaenogaster, Goniomma, Messor, Novomessor, Oxyopomyrmex, Stenamma, Veromessor) and one fossil genus (†Paraphaenogaster). The tribe includes harvester ants that specialize in seed collection. Phylogenomic studies of the genus Messor indicate an origin in the Irano-Indian region approximately 20 million years ago, with diversification patterns strongly linked to thermal conditions.
Zabrini
Seed-eating Ground Beetles
Zabrini is a tribe of ground beetles in the family Carabidae, subfamily Pterostichinae, with more than 750 described species across three genera. The tribe is divided into two subtribes: Amarina (containing Amara and Pseudamara) and Zabrina (containing Zabrus). Species are found primarily in the Holarctic region, with exceptional diversity in China. The common name 'Seed-eating Ground Beetles' reflects granivory observed in some species, though feeding habits vary considerably across the tribe.