Acari
Guides
Aceria caulis
Black Walnut Petiole Gall Mite
Aceria caulis, the Black Walnut Petiole Gall Mite, is an eriophyid mite in the superfamily Eriophyoidea. Like other members of its genus, this species is a plant parasite that induces abnormal plant growth. The specific epithet 'caulis' and common name suggest association with walnut petioles, though detailed biological studies of this particular species appear limited in the available literature.
Aceria negundi
box elder pouch gall mite
Aceria negundi, commonly known as the box elder pouch gall mite, is an eriophyid mite that specializes on box elder (Acer negundo). This microscopic arachnid induces characteristic pouch galls on its host plant. Like other members of the Eriophyidae, it has a worm-like body with four legs and is among the smallest plant-parasitic mites, measuring less than 0.2 mm in length. The species has been observed across a broad geographic range with over 4,700 documented observations.
Aceria nyssae
Black Tupelo Gall Mite
Aceria nyssae is an eriophyid gall mite that induces distinctive leaf curl galls on Nyssa sylvatica (black tupelo, sour gum). The mite's feeding activity causes leaf margins to curl inward, forming hollow pockets that shelter the mites and their eggs. This species exemplifies the highly specialized host relationships typical of Eriophyoidea, where individual species are often restricted to a single plant host genus. The galls are most evident on young leaves at branch tips during the growing season. Like other eriophyid mites, A. nyssae is extremely small and difficult to observe directly, with populations typically assessed through gall symptoms rather than mite counts.
Aceria theospyri
persimmon leaf blister gall
Aceria theospyri is a gall-forming eriophyid mite that produces distinctive leaf blister galls on persimmon (Diospyros virginiana). As a member of the superfamily Eriophyoidea, this microscopic mite has a worm-like, elongated body with only four legs. The species is highly host-specific, feeding exclusively on persimmon and causing characteristic blister-like deformities on leaves. Like other eriophyid mites, it has a short development period allowing rapid population buildup. The mite represents one of thousands of specialized plant-parasitic mites in this ancient lineage that radiated over 200 million years ago.
Aceria trichophila
Aceria trichophila is a species of eriophyid mite in the family Eriophyidae. Eriophyid mites are minute, worm-like plant parasites characterized by their elongated bodies and reduced leg number. Like other members of the genus Aceria, this species is likely specialized on a specific host plant or narrow group of related plants, reflecting the highly host-specific nature of Eriophyoidea. The species has been documented through iNaturalist observations but detailed biological information appears limited in published sources.
Aceria trinema
Aceria trinema is a species of eriophyid mite in the family Eriophyidae. Like other members of the genus Aceria, it is a minute, worm-like mite with a highly reduced body plan adapted for living in confined spaces on plants. Eriophyid mites are among the smallest arthropods, with some species measuring less than 0.1 mm in length. The genus Aceria contains numerous species that are specialized plant parasites, many of which cause distinctive damage symptoms including galls, leaf curling, and witches' brooms on their host plants.
Aceria triplacis
Aceria triplacis is a species of eriophyid mite in the genus Aceria, family Eriophyidae. Like other members of the superfamily Eriophyoidea, it is a minute, worm-like, four-legged mite. Eriophyid mites represent one of the largest lineages of plant-parasitic arthropods, with conservative estimates of 100,000 living species. Most species in this group are highly specialized parasites of vascular plants, typically associated with specific host species or genera. The specific host associations and biology of A. triplacis have not been documented in published literature.
Adenosejus
Adenosejus is a genus of mites in the family Sejidae, order Mesostigmata. It was described in 2004 by Lekveishvili and Krantz. The genus belongs to the cohort Sejina, a group of large, heavily sclerotized mites often associated with soil and decomposing organic matter. As a recently described genus with limited subsequent study, its biology and ecology remain poorly documented.
Amblyomma maculatum
Gulf Coast tick
Amblyomma maculatum, commonly known as the Gulf Coast tick, is a three-host hard tick native to the southeastern and south-central United States. The species has been expanding its range northward and westward in recent decades, with established populations now documented as far north as Virginia and west to Oklahoma. Adults primarily parasitize large mammals including cattle, deer, and humans, while immature stages feed on small mammals and ground-dwelling birds. The species is a vector of Rickettsia parkeri, the causative agent of American tick bite fever, and has been associated with tick paralysis in rare cases. Heavy infestations on livestock can cause significant economic damage through hide degradation and blood loss.
Amblyseius andersoni
Amblyseius andersoni is a generalist predatory mite in the family Phytoseiidae, widely distributed across Europe, North America, and parts of Asia. It is commercially available and employed as a biological control agent against spider mites, eriophyid mites, and other small arthropod pests in orchards, greenhouses, and open-field crops. The species exhibits broad dietary flexibility, feeding on plant-feeding mites, thrips, whiteflies, and various pollens. Laboratory studies demonstrate that it can be mass-reared on alternative diets such as cattail pollen and the stored product mite Carpoglyphus lactis without loss of predatory efficiency on natural prey.
predatory-mitebiological-controlgeneralist-predatorintegrated-pest-managementspider-mite-controleriophyid-mite-controlorchard-pest-managementgreenhouse-biocontrolmass-rearingpollen-feedingalternative-diettemperature-dependent-developmentPhytoseiidaeAcariEuropeNorth-AmericaChinaapplecitrusconiferous-plantsAstigmata
Astigmata is a diverse suborder of mites characterized by the absence of stigmata (respiratory openings) and tracheal systems. The group encompasses three major ecological radiations: permanent ectosymbionts of birds (feather mites), inhabitants of decaying organic matter and stored products, and parasites of vertebrates and arthropods. Feather mites represent the most species-rich component, with three superfamilies (Analgoidea, Pterolichoidea, Freyanoidea) colonizing all feather types of birds worldwide. Many non-feather-associated lineages exhibit a specialized dispersal stage, the heteromorphic deutonymph (hypopus), adapted for phoretic transport on arthropods. The suborder shows remarkable morphological and ecological diversification, with life cycles ranging from entirely host-bound to complex multi-habitat strategies.
Bryobiinae
Bryobiinae is a subfamily of spider mites (Tetranychidae) within the order Trombidiformes. Members of this subfamily have been documented from Turkey and Greece, with species collected from agricultural fields and natural habitats. The subfamily includes genera such as Bryobia, Aplonobia, and Mezranobia. New species continue to be described, including recent discoveries from garlic fields and island ecosystems.
Callidosoma
Callidosoma is a genus of mites in the family Erythraeidae, subfamily Callidosomatinae. Members are classified within the superfamily Erythraeoidea, a group of predatory mites commonly known as velvet mites or rain mites. The genus was established by Womersley in 1936 and is distributed across multiple continents. Erythraeid mites are generally characterized by their soft, often brightly colored bodies and active predatory habits.
Cheyletoidea
Cheyletoidea is a superfamily of mites in the order Trombidiformes. Members include ectoparasites of arthropods and vertebrates, particularly birds, as well as some free-living predatory species. The superfamily encompasses several families including Cheyletidae, Cheyletiellidae, Harpirhynchidae, and Syringophilidae. Many species are highly host-specific, inhabiting feather quills or skin of birds.
Cosmochthoniidae
Cosmochthoniidae is a family of oribatid mites in the superfamily Cosmochthonioidea, established by Grandjean in 1947. The family comprises approximately 6 genera and at least 40 described species, with Cosmochthonius being the most species-rich and widely studied genus. Members of this family are distributed across Mediterranean regions, parts of the former Soviet Union including Ukraine and Tajikistan, and northern Europe. The family belongs to the ancient mite group Enarthronota, characterized by primitive morphological features.
Desmonomata
Desmonomata is an infraorder of oribatid mites (beetle mites) within the suborder Oribatida. The group is notable for its exceptionally high incidence of thelytokous parthenogenesis: four of seven families are completely female-producing, and a fifth is nearly so. This reproductive mode appears obligate and ancient, with speciation and evolutionary radiation having occurred without biparental reproduction.
Digamasellus
Digamasellus is a genus of mesostigmatid mites in the family Digamasellidae, established by Berlese in 1905. The genus contains at least three described species: D. australis, D. punctum, and D. variabilis. Members of this genus are part of the diverse soil-dwelling mesostigmatid mite fauna. Specific biological details for most species remain poorly documented.
Dinychus
Dinychus is a genus of mites in the family Dinychidae, order Mesostigmata. The genus was established by Kramer in 1886. Species have been recorded from northern regions including Canada, Alaska, and Scandinavia. A 1989 description of Dinychus ruseki from Canada noted close morphological similarity to D. micropunctatus from Alaska, suggesting possible ecospecies relationships.
Eleutherengona
Eleutherengona is an infraorder of mites within the suborder Prostigmata (Trombidiformes). This group includes permanent ectoparasites of mammals, with the family Myobiidae being a well-documented representative. Members are highly specialized for life in mammalian fur and have been recorded from bats, rodents, opossums, and shrews.
Eriophyes neoessigi
cottonwood catkin gall mite
Eriophyes neoessigi is an eriophyid mite species commonly known as the cottonwood catkin gall mite. It is documented on iNaturalist with 168 observations. The species belongs to the genus Eriophyes, which includes gall-forming mites that induce characteristic plant deformities. Unlike the related Eriophyes dimocarpi, which causes witches' broom disease in longan trees, E. neoessigi is associated with cottonwood (Populus spp.) and specifically targets catkins.
Eriophyidae
Gall and Rust Mites, Gall Mites, Four-legged Mites
Eriophyidae is a family of microscopic plant-parasitic mites comprising over 200 genera and approximately 3,600 described species, though estimates suggest the actual diversity may exceed 100,000 species. Members are commonly known as gall mites or rust mites due to their propensity to induce gall formation or cause rust-like discoloration on host plants. These mites possess worm-like bodies with only two pairs of legs, distinguishing them from most other mites. They are obligate parasites of vascular plants with high host specificity, typically specializing on single plant species or genera. The family includes significant agricultural pests such as the coconut mite (Aceria guerreronis), garlic mite (Aceria tulipae), and bermudagrass mite (Aceria cynodoniensis), as well as species used for biological control of weeds.
Eriophyoidea
gall mites, four-legged mites, blister mites, bud mites, rust mites
Eriophyoidea is a superfamily of minute, worm-like mites comprising three families: Eriophyidae, Phytoptidae, and Diptilomiopidae. These mites are exclusively plant-feeding and represent one of the largest adaptive radiations of plant-parasitic arthropods, with conservative estimates of 100,000 living species. They are distinguished by possessing only two pairs of legs in all post-embryonic stages—a unique feature among mites—and by their elongated, annulate bodies. Many species are significant agricultural pests causing galls, leaf deformities, and transmitting plant diseases, while others cause no apparent damage to their hosts.
Erythraeidae
Erythraeidae is a family of predatory mites in the order Trombidiformes. Adults are free-living, fast-running predators with long legs adapted for pursuit. Larvae are ectoparasites of various arthropods, including harvestmen, spiders, bees, and grasshoppers, using a stylostome to feed on host body fluids. These mites are typically oval, relatively large for mites, reddish in color, and densely hairy. The family belongs to the superfamily Erythraeoidea within the diverse group Parasitengona, which includes velvet mites, chiggers, and water mites.
Erythraxus
Erythraxus is a genus of mites in the family Erythraeidae, established by Southcott in 1961. These mites belong to the order Trombidiformes, a diverse group of arachnids commonly known as "true mites." Members of the family Erythraeidae are typically predatory in their active post-larval stages, though specific details about Erythraxus biology remain poorly documented. The genus is rarely encountered in scientific literature and field observations.
Estelloxus
Estelloxus is a genus of mites in the family Lebertiidae, order Trombidiformes. The genus was established by Habeeb in 1963 and belongs to the superfamily Lebertioidea. Members of this genus are predatory or parasitic mites associated with freshwater or semi-aquatic habitats. The genus is poorly known, with limited published information on species diversity and biology.
Eutrombidiinae
Eutrombidiinae is a subfamily of mites in the family Microtrombidiidae, order Trombidiformes. These are prostigmatid mites belonging to the diverse and ecologically important group Parasitengona, which includes many predatory and parasitic species. The subfamily has been documented across multiple continents with over 350 observations recorded. Members are generally small arachnids with the characteristic two-segmented body plan of mites.
Flexamia huroni
Huron River Leafhopper
Flexamia huroni is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Bess & Hamilton in 1999. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations with grasses. The species is named after the Huron River in Michigan, where it was first collected. Like other members of the genus, it likely exhibits strong ecological dependence on specific grass host plants.
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glycyphagid mites, storage mites
Glycyphagidae is a family of mites in the order Sarcoptiformes (Astigmata), comprising more than 25 genera and approximately 100 described species. Many species are associated with nests of rodents, insectivores, opossums, and birds, while others have become pests of stored food products and human dwellings. Several species, including *Glycyphagus domesticus* and *Lepidoglyphus destructor*, are economically significant as stored grain pests and sources of allergens.
Gymnodamaeus
Gymnodamaeus is a genus of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) in the family Gymnodamaeidae, first described by Kulczynski in 1902. The genus contains multiple species distributed across various regions, with recent taxonomic work describing new species from Austria. As members of the diverse oribatid mite fauna, these mites contribute to soil ecosystem processes. The genus is classified within the superfamily Gymnodamaeoidea.
Hydrachnoidea
water mites
Hydrachnoidea is a superfamily of aquatic mites commonly known as water mites. Members are exclusively freshwater dwellers, representing one of the most diverse radiations of arachnids into aquatic environments. The group includes several families with distinct morphological adaptations for underwater life.
Hydrodromidae
Hydrodromidae is a family of mites in the order Trombidiformes, classified within the superfamily Hydryphantoidea. The family contains at least one recognized genus, Hydrodroma, including the described species H. despiciens. These mites are part of the diverse prostigmatan assemblage, a large group of often predatory or parasitic arachnids.
Hydryphantoidea
Hydryphantoidea is a superfamily of prostigmatan mites within Trombidiformes, comprising approximately 250 described species across six families. Members are predominantly aquatic or semiaquatic, inhabiting freshwater habitats worldwide. The group includes the families Hydryphantidae, Hydrodromidae, Rhynchohydracaridae, Thermacaridae, Ctenothyadidae, and Teratothyadidae.
Ixodes affinis
Ixodes affinis is a hard-bodied tick species distributed across the southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Unlike its congener Ixodes scapularis, this species does not bite humans but serves as a competent vector for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Immature stages feed on birds and small mammals, while adults parasitize larger mammals including deer and dogs. Its expanding range into southeastern Virginia and association with migratory birds has raised concerns about its role in pathogen dispersal.
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hard ticks, hard-backed ticks, scale ticks
Ixodidae is the family of hard ticks, one of two major tick families, distinguished from soft ticks (Argasidae) by the presence of a scutum—a hard dorsal shield. As of 2025, the family comprises approximately 769 species in 18 extant genera. Members are obligate ectoparasites of vertebrates and are significant vectors of pathogens causing diseases in humans, livestock, and wildlife.
Johnstoniana
Johnstoniana is a genus of mites in the family Johnstonianidae, order Trombidiformes. These mites belong to the group commonly known as velvet mites or water mites, though specific life habits for this genus remain poorly documented. The genus was established by George in 1909 and is distinguished by morphological features of the gnathosoma and leg chaetotaxy. Members are found in terrestrial and freshwater-associated habitats.
Micreremidae
Micreremidae is a family of oribatid mites comprising at least 4 genera and approximately 14 described species. The family is placed in the superfamily Licneremaeoidea. Known genera include Micreremus, Fenichelia, Mexiceremus, and Phylloribatula. Records indicate arboreal associations, with some species collected from tree branches in tropical forests.
Microcheyla
Microcheyla is a genus of mites in the family Cheyletidae, described by Volgin in 1966. Members of this genus belong to the tribe Bakini within the subfamily Cheyletinae. Cheyletid mites are generally small, free-living or predatory arachnids characterized by their enlarged, raptorial palps. The genus is part of the diverse prostigmatan mite fauna, though specific ecological and biological details for Microcheyla remain poorly documented in available literature.
Microtrombidiinae
Microtrombidiinae is a subfamily of mites within the family Microtrombidiidae, order Trombidiformes. Members are classified within the Parasitengona, a group characterized by complex life cycles involving parasitic larval stages and predatory or free-living post-larval stages. These mites are generally small to medium-sized with bright coloration, often red or orange. The subfamily was established by Thor in 1935 and contains multiple genera distributed across various regions.
Ornithonyssus sylviarum
Northern Fowl Mite
Ornithonyssus sylviarum, commonly known as the northern fowl mite, is a blood-feeding ectoparasite of birds that has become a major economic pest of poultry worldwide. The entire life cycle occurs on the host, allowing populations to expand rapidly under favorable conditions. Heavy infestations cause anemia, reduced egg production, and can lead to death in severe cases. The mite has been reported on over 72 host species across 26 bird families and has shown ability to infest mammalian hosts including humans, though it does not permanently establish on non-avian hosts.
Otodectes cynotis
Ear Mange Mite, Ear Mite, Common Ear Mite
Otodectes cynotis is a parasitic mite in the family Psoroptidae, the sole species in its genus. It is a non-burrowing ectoparasite that inhabits the external ear canals of mammals, causing otitis externa. The mite completes its entire life cycle on a single host in approximately three weeks. It is distributed worldwide and primarily affects domestic cats, dogs, and ferrets, though it has been recorded on numerous other carnivores and occasionally humans. Infestation causes intense pruritus, head shaking, and ear scratching, and can lead to secondary bacterial infections in severe cases.
Petrobia harti
Woodsorrel Mite
Petrobia harti is a spider mite in the family Tetranychidae, commonly known as the Woodsorrel Mite. It has been recorded from multiple countries including Australia, Brazil, China, Colombia, and Costa Rica. As a member of the Tetranychidae, it is likely a plant-feeding mite, though specific host associations and detailed biology remain poorly documented in the provided sources.
Phthiracaroidea
ptyctimous mites
Phthiracaroidea is a superfamily of oribatid mites (ptyctimous mites) characterized by a unique defensive mechanism: the ability to retract their legs and chelicerae into a protective cavity and close the body using a ventral scissure. The group includes families Phthiracaridae, Synichotritiidae, and related taxa. Members are primarily soil-dwelling decomposers found in leaf litter and humus across diverse geographic regions including the Palearctic and Southeast Asia.
Polistes dominula
European Paper Wasp
Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.
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Prostigs
Prostigmata is a suborder of mites in the order Trombidiformes, comprising the majority of 'sucking' mites within the Acariformes. The group exhibits extraordinary ecological diversity, including plant-feeding pests, vertebrate and invertebrate parasites, predators, and free-living forms in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Notable members include spider mites (Tetranychidae), gall mites (Eriophyidae), harvest mites (Trombiculidae), and Demodex mites. The suborder is taxonomically complex, currently divided into four infraorders: Anystina, Eleutherengona, Eupodina, and Labidostommatina.
Pterygosomatidae
scale mites
Pterygosomatidae is a family of prostigmatic mites in the order Trombidiformes, commonly known as scale mites. These mites are obligate ectoparasites of lizards, primarily infesting the skin and scales of their reptilian hosts. The family includes multiple genera, notably Pterygosoma, Geckobia, Geckobiella, Pimeliaphilus, and Neopterygosoma. Species within this family exhibit high host specificity, with particular mite lineages associated with specific lizard families including Agamidae, Gekkonidae, Liolaemidae, and Gerrhosauridae.
Sarcoptidae
Itch Mites
Sarcoptidae is a family of parasitic mites in the order Sarcoptiformes, commonly known as itch mites. The family includes the genus Sarcoptes, whose members cause sarcoptic mange in mammals. These mites are obligate parasites that burrow into host skin, causing intense pruritus, crusting lesions, and potentially fatal secondary infections. Sarcoptes scabiei, the most studied species, infests over 200 million humans worldwide and numerous domestic and wild mammal species.
parasitemitescabiesmangezoonosisveterinarywildlife-diseaseneglected-tropical-diseaseburrowingepidermal-parasitedirect-life-cyclehost-specific-strainsimmunologyemerging-infectious-diseasebiodiversity-threatcross-species-transmissionferal-dog-reservoirquantitative-surveillancetissue-digestion-protocolivermectin-treatmentcrusted-scabiesordinary-scabiespruritusalopeciahyperkeratosissecondary-bacterial-infectionWHO-neglected-tropical-diseaseover-200-million-human-casesmammalian-host-specificityAstigmataSarcoptiformesArachnidaAcariSpinturnicidae
bat wing mites
Spinturnicidae is a family of hematophagous mites in the order Mesostigmata. All species are obligate ectoparasites of bats, living their entire life cycle on the host. They infest wing membranes, tail membranes, and occasionally eyelids and eye canthi. The family has a worldwide distribution in bat habitats and comprises 11 genera.
Stygothrombidiidae
Stygothrombidiidae is a family of mites in the order Trombidiformes. Members are associated with subterranean freshwater habitats, particularly hyporheic zones and groundwater systems. The family is relatively small and poorly documented, with most known species placed in the genus Stygothrombium. These mites represent an example of adaptation to permanent darkness and interstitial aquatic environments.
Tetranychinae
Tetranychinae is a subfamily of spider mites (Tetranychidae) containing economically significant agricultural and ornamental crop pests. The subfamily includes the genera Tetranychus, Eutetranychus, Oligonychus, Panonychus, Amphitetranychus, Schizotetranychus, Aponychus, Paraponychus, and Stylophoronychus. Species within this subfamily are phytophagous and pose serious threats to crop yield and quality. Identification relies primarily on morphological examination of adult male genitalia, though molecular and biochemical methods are increasingly employed for accurate species discrimination.
spider-mitesagricultural-pestsphytophagous-mitescrop-pestsinvasive-speciesacarologyintegrated-pest-managementmolecular-identificationDNA-barcodingTurkeyRussiaPaleotropicalNeotropicalNorth-AmericaMalusPrunusQuercusPiceaAbiesrosaceous-plantsconiferous-plantsmonocotyledonsdicotyledonsacaricide-resistancequarantine-pestsdiapausemale-genitaliaaedeagusPCR-RFLPreal-time-PCRLAMPMALDI-TOF-MSallozyme-analysisspecies-discriminationreproductive-isolationTetranychusEutetranychusOligonychusPanonychusAmphitetranychusSchizotetranychusAponychusParaponychusStylophoronychusEotetranychusBryobiaProstigmataAcariArachnidaArthropodaAnimaliaTetranychoidea
Spider Mites, Flat Mites, and Allies
Tetranychoidea is a superfamily of mites in the order Trombidiformes comprising approximately 2,200 described species across five families: Tetranychidae (spider mites), Tenuipalpidae (flat mites), Tuckerellidae (peacock mites), Linotetranidae (cryptic false spider mites), and Allochaetophoridae. Members are distinguished by a fused cheliceral base forming a stylophore, elongated stylet-like movable digits, and well-developed peritremes on the prodorsum. The superfamily is exclusively herbivorous, with many species being significant agricultural and ornamental plant pests.