Apex-predator

Guides

• Cicindelidia haemorrhagica haemorrhagica

  Wetsalts Tiger Beetle

  Cicindelidia haemorrhagica haemorrhagica is a subspecies of tiger beetle known for its remarkable tolerance of extreme thermal environments. Populations in Yellowstone National Park inhabit hot springs with water temperatures exceeding 70°C (158°F) and pH ranging from highly acidic (2.7) to strongly alkaline (~9), making them among the most thermally tolerant insects known. The subspecies exhibits unique physiological and behavioral adaptations that allow it to function as an apex predator in these extreme habitats, including heat-reflective ventral plates and an apparent lack of cooling behaviors despite high ambient temperatures.

  extremophilethermal-adaptationheavy-metal-bioaccumulationYellowstone-National-Parkapex-predatorhot-springsthermophiletiger-beetleCicindelidae

• Ixodes affinis

  Ixodes affinis is a hard-bodied tick species distributed across the southeastern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Unlike its congener Ixodes scapularis, this species does not bite humans but serves as a competent vector for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Immature stages feed on birds and small mammals, while adults parasitize larger mammals including deer and dogs. Its expanding range into southeastern Virginia and association with migratory birds has raised concerns about its role in pathogen dispersal.

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