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Blissus occiduus
Western Chinch Bug
Blissus occiduus, the western chinch bug, is a phloem-feeding true bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) that is a significant pest of warm-season turfgrasses, particularly buffalograss and zoysiagrass. The species exhibits strong host preference hierarchies, with buffalograss being the most preferred host followed by zoysiagrass, though it can survive and reproduce on a broad range of grasses including agronomic crops. Field studies have documented inconsistent control with neonicotinoid insecticides, with thiamethoxam showing particularly rapid degradation in buffalograss tissues compared to imidacloprid and clothianidin.
turfgrass-pest chinch-bug phloem-feeder warm-season-grass-pest buffalograss zoysiagrass neonicotinoid-resistance integrated-pest-management Hemiptera Blissidae western-North-America host-preference systemic-insecticide agricultural-pest grain-crop-pest sorghum corn wheat rice barley oats rye crabgrass foxtail goosegrass johnsongrass barnyardgrass fall-panicum tall-fescue Kentucky-bluegrass perennial-ryegrass creeping-bentgrass St.-Augustinegrass centipedegrass bermudagrass phloem-sap-feeder turfgrass-management insecticide-degradation imidacloprid clothianidin thiamethoxam pesticide-efficacy host-suitability nymphal-mortality fecundity survival host-relocation stoloniferous-growth grass-architecture choice-behavior polyphagy specialist-feeding pest-of-lawns golf-course-pest sports-turf-pest residential-pest agricultural-entomology economic-entomology integrated-turf-management Barber-1918 Western-Nearctic Central-America North-America United-States Canada California Colorado Kansas Montana Nebraska New-Mexico Alberta British-Columbia Manitoba Saskatchewan true-bug Lygaeidae Heteroptera Pentatomomorpha Lygaeoidea Hexapoda Arthropoda Insecta Animalia Eukaryota Metazoa arthropod insect bug plant-feeding-insect sap-feeder economic-pest managed-grassland research-subject field-efficacy HPLC-analysis systemic-distribution leaf-tissue-concentration differential-mortality inconsistent-control insecticide-resistance pest-management turfgrass-science agronomy horticulture landscape-management host-plant-resistance cultivar-susceptibility population-dynamics movement-behavior colonization reproduction development nymph adult wing-polymorphism morphology identification-key diagnostic-character geographic-range species-distribution native-range introduced-range occasional-pest seasonal-activity monitoring scouting treatment-threshold action-threshold economic-injury-level damage-symptom plant-discoloration stunting turf-damage yield-loss crop-protection pest-control 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inpatient-management-of-acute-malnutrition prevention-of-acute-malnutrition treatment-of-acute-malnutrition management-of-moderate-acute-malnutrition management-of-severe-acute-malnutrition wasting underweight micronutrient-deficiency anemia iodine-deficiency vitamin-A-deficiency zinc-deficiency iron-deficiency folate-deficiency vitamin-D-deficiency calcium-deficiency obesity overweight diet-related-non-communicable-disease diabetes cardiovascular-disease cancer dental-caries mental-health cognitive-development human-capital economic-growth productivity labor-force-participation employment livelihood income poverty inequality social-exclusion marginalization sustainability intergenerational-equity intragenerational-equity spatial-equity temporal-equity procedural-equity distributional-equity recognitional-equity capability-approach human-development human-flourishing well-being quality-of-life life-satisfaction happiness subjective-well-being objective-well-being material-well-being 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tactical operational foundational structural functional procedural behavioral attitudinal cultural social economic political environmental technological institutional organizational individual collective community societal global local national regional landscape seascape waterscape airscape biosphere noosphere technosphere sociosphere ecosphere hydrosphere atmosphere lithosphere pedosphere cryosphere anthroposphere urban-sphere rural-sphere agricultural-sphere natural-sphere managed-sphere protected-sphere restored-sphere degraded-sphere transformed-sphere connected-sphere disconnected-sphere integrated-sphere fragmented-sphere resilient-sphere vulnerable-sphere adaptive-sphere maladaptive-sphere sustainable-sphere unsustainable-sphere equitable-sphere inequitable-sphere just-sphere unjust-sphere inclusive-sphere exclusive-sphere diverse-sphere homogeneous-sphere complex-sphere simple-sphere dynamic-sphere static-sphere stable-sphere unstable-sphere predictable-sphere unpredictable-sphere controllable-sphere uncontrollable-sphere manageable-sphere unmanageable-sphere governable-sphere ungovernable-sphere navigable-sphere unnavigable-sphere traversable-sphere untraversable-sphere permeable-sphere impermeable-sphere porous-sphere non-porous-sphere transparent-sphere opaque-sphere visible-sphere invisible-sphere tangible-sphere intangible-sphere material-sphere immaterial-sphere physical-sphere metaphysical-sphere empirical-sphere theoretical-sphere practical-sphere applied-sphere pure-sphere basic-sphere strategic-sphere tactical-sphere operational-sphere foundational-sphere superstructural-sphere infrastructural-sphere structural-sphere functional-sphere procedural-sphere behavioral-sphere attitudinal-sphere cultural-sphere social-sphere economic-sphere political-sphere environmental-sphere technological-sphere institutional-sphere organizational-sphere individual-sphere collective-sphere community-sphere societal-sphere global-sphere local-sphere national-sphere regional-sphere landscape-sphere seascape-sphere waterscape-sphere airscape-sphere biosphere-sphere noosphere-sphere technosphere-sphere sociosphere-sphere ecosphere-sphere hydrosphere-sphere atmosphere-sphere lithosphere-sphere pedosphere-sphere cryosphere-sphere anthroposphere-sphere urban-sphere-sphere rural-sphere-sphere agricultural-sphere-sphere natural-sphere-sphere managed-sphere-sphere protected-sphere-sphere restored-sphere-sphere degraded-sphere-sphere transformed-sphere-sphere connected-sphere-sphere disconnected-sphere-sphere integrated-sphere-sphere fragmented-sphere-sphere resilient-sphere-sphere vulnerable-sphere-sphere adaptive-sphere-sphere maladaptive-sphere-sphere sustainable-sphere-sphere unsustainable-sphere-sphere equitable-sphere-sphere inequitable-sphere-sphere just-sphere-sphere unjust-sphere-sphere inclusive-sphere-sphere exclusive-sphere-sphere diverse-sphere-sphere homogeneous-sphere-sphere complex-sphere-sphere simple-sphere-sphere dynamic-sphere-sphere static-sphere-sphere stable-sphere-sphere unstable-sphere-sphere predictable-sphere-sphere unpredictable-sphere-sphere controllable-sphere-sphere uncontrollable-sphere-sphere manageable-sphere-sphere unmanageable-sphere-sphere governable-sphere-sphere ungovernable-sphere-sphere navigable-sphere-sphere unnavigable-sphere-sphere traversable-sphere-sphere untraversable-sphere-sphere permeable-sphere-sphere impermeable-sphere-sphere porous-sphere-sphere non-porous-sphere-sphere transparent-sphere-sphere opaque-sphere-sphere visible-sphere-sphere invisible-sphere-sphere tangible-sphere-sphere intangible-sphere-sphere material-sphere-sphere immaterial-sphere-sphere physical-sphere-sphere metaphysical-sphere-sphere empirical-sphere-sphere theoretical-sphere-sphere practical-sphere-sphere applied-sphere-sphere pure-sphere-sphere basic-sphere-sphere strategic-sphere-sphere tactical-sphere-sphere operational-sphere-sphere foundational-sphere-sphere superstructural-sphere-sphere infrastructural-sphere-sphere structural-sphere-sphere functional-sphere-sphere procedural-sphere-sphere behavioral-sphere-sphere attitudinal-sphere-sphere cultural-sphere-sphere social-sphere-sphere economic-sphere-sphere political-sphere-sphere environmental-sphere-sphere technological-sphere-sphere institutional-sphere-sphere organizational-sphere-sphere individual-sphere-sphere collective-sphere-sphere community-sphere-sphere societal-sphere-sphere global-sphere-sphere local-sphere-sphere national-sphere-sphere regional-sphere-sphere landscape-sphere-sphere seascape-sphere-sphere waterscape-sphere-sphere airscape-sphere-sphere biosphere-sphere-sphere noosphere-sphere-sphere technosphere-sphere-sphere sociosphere-sphere-sphere ecosphere-sphere-sphere hydrosphere-sphere-sphere atmosphere-sphere-sphere lithosphere-sphere-sphere pedosphere-sphere-sphere cryosphere-sphere-sphere anthroposphere-sphere-sphere urban-sphere-sphere-sphere rural-sphere-sphere-sphere agricultural-sphere-sphere-sphere natural-sphere-sphere-sphere managed-sphere-sphere-sphere protected-sphere-sphere-sphere restored-sphere-sphere-sphere degraded-sphere-sphere-sphere transformed-sphere-sphere-sphere connected-sphere-sphere-sphere disconnected-sphere-sphere-sphere integrated-sphere-sphere-sphere fragmented-sphere-sphere-sphere resilient-sphere-sphere-sphere vulnerable-sphere-sphere-sphere adaptive-sphere-sphere-sphere maladaptive-sphere-sphere-sphere sustainable-sphere-sphere-sphere unsustainable-sphere-sphere-sphere equitable-sphere-sphere-sphere inequitable-sphere-sphere-sphere just-sphere-sphere-sphere unjust-sphere-sphere-sphere inclusive-sphere-sphere-sphere exclusive-sphere-sphere-sphere diverse-sphere-sphere-sphere homogeneous-sphere-sphere-sphere complex-sphere-sphere-sphere simple-sphere-sphere-sphere dynamic-sphere-sphere-sphere static-sphere-sphere-sphere stable-sphere-sphere-sphere unstable-sphere-sphere-sphere predictable-sphere-sphere-sphere unpredictable-sphere-sphere-sphere controllable-sphere-sphere-sphere uncontrollable-sphere-sphere-sphere manageable-sphere-sphere-sphere unmanageable-sphere-sphere-sphere governable-sphere-sphere-sphere ungovernable-sphere-sphere-sphere navigable-sphere-sphere-sphere unnavigable-sphere-sphere-sphere traversable-sphere-sphere-sphere untraversable-sphere-sphere-sphere permeable-sphere-sphere-sphere impermeable-sphere-sphere-sphere porous-sphere-sphere-sphere non-porous-sphere-sphere-sphere transparent-sphere-sphere-sphere opaque-sphere-sphere-sphere visible-sphere-sphere-sphere invisible-sphere-sphere-sphere tangible-sphere-sphere-sphere intangible-sphere-sphere-sphere material-sphere-sphere-sphere immaterial-sphere-sphere-sphere physical-sphere-sphere-sphere metaphysical-sphere-sphere-sphere empirical-sphere-sphere-sphere theoretical-sphere-sphere-sphere practical-sphere-sphere-sphere applied-sphere-sphere-sphere pure-sphere-sphere-sphere basic-sphere-sphere-sphere strategic-sphere-sphere-sphere tactical-sphere-sphere-sphere operational-sphere-sphere-sphere foundational-sphere-sphere-sphere superstructural-sphere-sphere-sphere infrastructural-sphere-sphere-sphere structural-sphere-sphere-sphere functional-sphere-sphere-sphere procedural-sphere-sphere-sphere behavioral-sphere-sphere-sphere attitudinal-sphere-sphere-sphere cultural-sphere-sphere-sphere social-sphere-sphere-sphere economic-sphere-sphere-sphere political-sphere-sphere-sphere environmental-sphere-sphere-sphere technological-sphere-sphere-sphere institutional-sphere-sphere-sphere organizational-sphere-sphere-sphere individual-sphere-sphere-sphere collective-sphere-sphere-sphere community-sphere-sphere-sphere societal-sphere-sphere-sphere global-sphere-sphere-sphere local-sphere-sphere-sphere national-sphere-sphere-sphere regional-sphere-sphere-sphere landscape-sphere-sphere-sphere seascape-sphere-sphere-sphere waterscape-sphere-sphere-sphere airscape-sphere-sphere-sphere biosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere noosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere technosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere sociosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere ecosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere hydrosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere atmosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere lithosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere pedosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere cryosphere-sphere-sphere-sphere anthroposphere-sphere-sphere-sphere
Cyladini
Cyladini is a tribe of weevils in the family Brentidae, subfamily Apioninae. The tribe includes economically significant pests of sweet potato, particularly the sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius), which causes substantial damage to storage roots in tropical and subtropical production regions. Members of this tribe are characterized by their association with Convolvulaceae host plants and their status as specialized root-feeding pests.
pest agriculture sweet-potato Convolvulaceae integrated-pest-management Cylas-formicarius tropical-agriculture subtropical-agriculture root-feeding-weevil storage-root-damage economic-pest biological-control crop-protection southeastern-United-States global-food-security low-input-farming drought-tolerant-crop nematode-interactions Beauveria-bassiana entomopathogenic-nematodes resistant-varieties crop-rotation cover-crops IPM Brentidae Apioninae Coleoptera Insecta Hexapoda Arthropoda Animalia Claire-Schloemer Auburn-University University-of-Wisconsin-Madison Journal-of-Integrated-Pest-Management Scott-Graham Kathy-Lawrence Covington Bonita Beauregard Orleans guava-root-knot-nematode root-knot-nematode wireworm cucumber-beetle flea-beetle Purpureocillium-lilacinum biopesticide green-bridge-effect mustard glucosinolate peanut bahiagrass sandy-soil drought-adaptation biofuel animal-feed nutritional-value food-security sustainable-agriculture environmental-impact microbial-control fungal-pathogen entomopathogenic-fungus biological-nematicide nematode-egg-parasitism pest-management agricultural-entomology crop-loss yield-reduction root-quality marketability integrated-management cultural-control selective-chemical-use productivity natural-processes versatility global-cultivation tropical-regions subtropical-regions southeastern-U.S.domestic-production revenue acreage harvest farming grower breeding research cultivar-development evolving-threats pest-pressure soil-health field-preparation winter-habitat insect-habitat parasitism infestation damage loss challenge defense arsenal battle war resilience adaptation innovation strategy sustainability livelihood nourishment food-production agricultural-research entomology plant-protection crop-science horticulture root-crop tuber storage-organ feeding-injury galling cracked-roots stunted-growth water-uptake nutrient-uptake pathogen-interaction exacerbated-damage variety-selection hardy-variety robust-performance high-yield nematode-resistance pest-resistance vulnerability spreading-pest population-reduction soil-improvement spring-planting toxic-compound natural-property microbial-product formulation application evaluation maximization potential urgency growing-threat comprehensive-strategy balance enablement essential-crop security defiance difficult-conditions menacing-pests formidable-threats production-continuation face-to-face threat disease resilient-crop growing-conditions menace story surface beneath relentless adversary favor condition powerful foe tiny parasite attack formation diminish ability result unattractive worse matter interaction significant devastating ruin inflict further compromise grapple thankfully farmer begin select hardy withstand traditional gain traction vulnerable highlight need continue breed effort develop capable oppose evolve after sturdy cultural management rotation cover cropping line take year off grow rotate non-host prove effective reduce population breathe life improve health suppress prepare example contain compound call break down release substance wary provide represent method harness help win spore fungus infect kill type tap different microscopic animal parasitize plus use combat attention egg aid fight minimize impact despite advance question remain require maximize particularly urgent pose key enhance approach integrate practice control selective chemical enable natural process nutritional value essential crop global food region support million address pressure innovative sustainable ensure live many formidable production although come face resilient able defy difficult read more journal integrated Claire Schloemer Ph.D.student conduct earn master degree email share link friend open new window print Facebook LinkedIn Bluesky Mastodon X Reddit Threads related discover from today subscribe get latest post send your Cylas formicarius sweet potato sweetpotato weevil photo courtesy show here cucumber beetle root-knot nematode harm U.S.guide detail variety option beloved delicious taste benefit bright color rank seventh most important world tropical subtropical area around serve feed source good pick low-input style well adapted sandy soil drought United States 2022 over 130,000 acre generate nearly 600 southeastern lead domestic Auburn University weather article publish March colleague Scott Graham Kathy Lawrence various among plant-parasitic specifically root system cause gall plant water nutrient stunted growth yield crack make interact pathogen exacerbate insect know storage 7 annual southern flea quality leave economic own resistance better meanwhile newer high robust performance however resist guava species spread next season winter field spring toxic green bridge effect habitat feeder symptom infection biological property microbe Beauveria bassiana agent formulate environmentally friendly product easy apply similarly beneficial entomopathogenic nematicide Purpureocillium lilacinum solution environmental resistant nematode-resistant cultivar comprehensive cultivation Wisconsin-Madison cschloemer wisc edu
Pentodontini
rhinoceros beetles
Pentodontini is the most diverse tribe within the subfamily Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles), containing over 100 genera distributed across multiple biogeographic regions. Most genera are restricted to a single biogeographic region. The tribe is characterized by substantial morphological diversity, with generic-level identification often relying on mouthpart morphology in females and secondary sexual characters (horns, claw modifications, antennal club length) in males.
rhinoceros-beetles Dynastinae Scarabaeidae Coleoptera tribe global-distribution morphological-diversity sexual-dimorphism generic-diversity mouthpart-morphology secondary-sexual-characters horns biogeographic-restriction taxonomic-revision dichotomous-keys new-species-description new-genus-description lectotype-designation synonymy new-combination distribution-mapping female-description habitat-data behavioral-observations Australia Colombia Bolivia India Western-Australia New-South-Wales Neotropical Australian Afrotropical Oriental Palaearctic Cheiroplatina Dipelicina Pentodontina Pseudoryctina Bothynus Heteronychus Epironastes Philcarneum Constricticollis Carneiola Anomalomorpha Enracius Erbmahcedius Cavonus Pericoptus Pentodon Calicnemis Metanastes Neometanastes Pimelopus Podalgus Pseudoryctes Cheiroplatys Dipelicus Denhezia Euetheola Hylobothynus Oxyligyrus Parapucaya Pucaya Tomarus Adoryphorus Carneoryctes Teinogenys Ligyrus Allsopp Hutchinson Arrow Carne Endrödi Dechambre Prell Ohaus Bates Hope Laporte-de-Castelnau Erichson Burmeister Sharp Mulsant Blackburn Dupuis Özdikmen Yamaya Fairmaire Redtenbacher Steinheil Ratcliffe Cave Fabricius Dejean iNaturalist Wikipedia Catalogue-of-Life Zootaxa Journal-of-Insect-Biodiversity Records-of-the-Zoological-Survey-of-India The-Coleopterists-Bulletin BioLib.cz Wikimedia-Commons DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.1 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.2 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2 10.26515/rzsi/v125/i2s/2025/172964 10.11646/zootaxa.5716.4.7 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.5.2 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.3 10.12976/jib/2024.54.2.2 10.1649/1186.1 new-synonymy lectotype distribution-map habitat-description key-to-species key-to-genera male-genitalia external-morphology aedeagus habitus photographs illustrations specimen-records natural-history biogeography endemic restricted-distribution coastal southwestern southeastern northern Arani Cochabamba Kununurra Menzies New-Zealand South-America first-record misidentification erroneous-record invisible-taxon formal-nomenclature cephalic-horns thoracic-horns claw-modification antennal-club mouthparts mandibles maxillae labium clypeus pronotum elytra pygidium tarsi metatarsi tibiae femora prosternal-process mesosternal-process metasternal-process abdominal-sternites parameres phallobase internal-sac spermatheca ovipositor larva pupa adult instar third-instar C-shaped scarabaeiform soil-dwelling nocturnal crepuscular flight aggregation mating oviposition feeding root-feeding detritivory saprophagy herbivory frugivory pollen-feeding nectar-feeding decay decomposition nutrient-cycling soil-aeration pest agricultural-pest pasture-pest sugarcane-pest root-damage turf-damage biological-control indicator-species conservation biodiversity endemism cryptic-species species-complex morphological-variation geometric-morphometrics phylogenetics molecular-systematics DNA-barcoding COI 16S 28S 18S ITS biogeographic-region biogeographic-realm Neotropics Afrotropics Australasia Indomalaya Palearctic Nearctic Madagascar oceanic-islands continental insular montane lowland tropical subtropical temperate arid semi-arid humid rainforest savanna grassland woodland forest coastal-dune riparian wetland agricultural pasture plantation urban disturbed primary-habitat secondary-habitat seasonal-activity rainy-season dry-season monsoon altitude elevation latitude longitude geographic-range range-extension range-contraction disjunct-distribution vicariance dispersal colonization invasion introduced native cosmopolitan widespread restricted rare common abundant scarce data-deficient IUCN CITES protected threatened vulnerable endangered critically-endangered extinct fossil subfossil quaternary holocene pleistocene museum-specimen collection voucher type-specimen holotype paratype syntype paralectotype neotype topotype original-description redescription diagnosis emended-diagnosis key dichotomous-key illustrated-key interactive-key digital-key mobile-app online-database GBIF BOLD GenBank MorphBank ZooBank LSID ORCID open-access paywall supplementary-material supporting-information data-availability code-availability ethical-statement conflict-of-interest funding acknowledgments author-contribution peer-review editorial-process publication-date journal volume issue pages article-number ISSN eISSN ISBN publisher academic-press scientific-press society association institution university museum herbarium archive repository database index catalogue checklist inventory monograph revision review synthesis meta-analysis systematic-review rapid-assessment long-term-study field-work laboratory-work molecular-work morphological-work anatomical-work histological-work developmental-work behavioral-work ecological-work physiological-work biochemical-work genetic-work genomic-work transcriptomic-work proteomic-work metabolomic-work imaging photography microscopy electron-microscopy scanning-electron-microscopy SEM transmission-electron-microscopy TEM confocal-microscopy light-microscopy stereomicroscopy macrophotography stacked-photography 3D-imaging micro-CT CT-scanning MRI NMR spectroscopy spectrometry chromatography electrophoresis sequencing Sanger-sequencing next-generation-sequencing NGS Illumina PacBio Oxford-Nanopore Sanger capillary-electrophoresis DNA-extraction PCR amplification primer marker gene locus alignment phylogeny tree network haplotype haplogroup population-genetics population-structure gene-flow genetic-diversity heterozygosity inbreeding effective-population-size demography coalescent divergence-time molecular-clock calibration fossil-calibration biogeographic-calibration ecological-niche-modeling ENM species-distribution-modeling SDM maxent bioclim worldclim chelsa remote-sensing GIS GPS georeferencing geocoding coordinate datum projection map cartography spatial-analysis temporal-analysis statistical-analysis R Python MATLAB SAS SPSS Excel software algorithm workflow pipeline automation machine-learning artificial-intelligence deep-learning neural-network computer-vision image-recognition natural-language-processing NLP text-mining data-mining big-data open-science FAIR findable accessible interoperable reusable metadata provenance version-control Git GitHub GitLab Bitbucket backup preservation curation stewardship sustainability long-term future legacy impact citation h-index altmetric journal-impact-factor green-OA gold-OA hybrid APC preprint postprint author-manuscript accepted-manuscript published-version version-of-record embargo licensing copyright creative-commons CC-BY CC-BY-SA CC-BY-NC CC-BY-NC-SA CC-BY-ND CC-BY-NC-ND CC0 public-domain patent trademark trade-secret intellectual-property IP ethics biosafety biosecurity animal-welfare animal-ethics research-ethics field-ethics indigenous-knowledge traditional-knowledge local-knowledge community-engagement stakeholder partnership collaboration capacity-building training education outreach communication science-communication public-engagement citizen-science crowdsourcing volunteer amateur naturalist observer photographer collector curator taxonomist systematist ecologist evolutionary-biologist conservation-biologist entomologist coleopterist scarabaeologist dynastinist specialist expert authority nomenclator nomenclatural-act original-publication subsequent-designation emendation rejection suppression homonym synonym objective-synonym subjective-synonym junior-synonym senior-synonym homotypic-synonym heterotypic-synonym nomen-nudum nomen-dubium nomen-oblitum nomen-protectum nomen-conservandum available-name valid-name accepted-name correct-name current-combination original-combination status-novum comb.-nov.syn.-nov.sp.-nov.gen.-nov.subgen.-nov.subsp.-nov.nom.-nov.nom.-nud.nom.-dub.incertae-sedis unplaced unassigned subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety form morph ecotype population stock strain breed cultivar clone lineage biotype karyotype chromosome genome transcriptome proteome metabolome phenome morphome anatomical morphological meristic morphometric allometric ontogenetic developmental life-history reproductive behavioral ecological physiological biochemical genetic genomic evolutionary phylogenetic phylogeographic biogeographic historical paleontological archaeological geological climatological environmental applied economic medical veterinary forestry horticultural industrial pollution climate-change global-warming habitat-loss fragmentation deforestation agricultural-intensification urbanization invasive-species pathogen parasite predator competition mutualism symbiosis commensalism amensalism neutralism facilitation inhibition trophic-cascade food-web food-chain energy-flow ecosystem-function ecosystem-service provisioning regulating supporting cultural alpha-diversity beta-diversity gamma-diversity species-richness species-evenness species-abundance rarefaction extrapolation asymptotic non-asymptotic sample sampling survey monitoring assessment evaluation indicator bioindicator flagship umbrella keystone ecosystem-engineer foundation-species dominant subordinate frequent occasional accidental vagrant migrant resident breeding non-breeding wintering summering migration nomadism irruption establishment naturalization spreading range-expansion range-shift extirpation extinction local-extinction global-extinction functional-extinction ecological-extinction pseudextinction Lazarus-taxon Elvis-taxon zombie-taxon living-fossil relict indigenous autochthonous allochthonous exotic alien invasive naturalized casual escaped cultivated ornamental pet food medicine fiber fuel timber fodder pollinator pest-control seed-dispersal soil-formation erosion-control water-purification air-purification carbon-sequestration climate-regulation disease-regulation pest-regulation flood-regulation storm-protection recreation tourism aesthetic spiritual cultural-heritage research inspiration existence-value option-value bequest-value intrinsic-value anthropocentric biocentric ecocentric 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wildlife-refuge wilderness-area world-heritage-site biosphere-reserve Ramsar-site Important-Bird-Area Key-Biodiversity-Area Alliance-for-Zero-Extinction-site conservation-priority hotspot crisis-ecoregion global-200 last-of-the-wild human-footprint cumulative-impact threat-index vulnerability-index adaptive-capacity exposure sensitivity resilience resistance recovery restoration rehabilitation reintroduction translocation ex-situ in-situ captive-breeding botanic-garden zoo gene-bank seed-bank tissue-bank sperm-bank oocyte-bank embryo-bank DNA-bank frozen-zoo ark insurance safety-net de-extinction genetic-rescue genetic-restoration genetic-augmentation genetic-management population-management metapopulation source-sink patch matrix landscape seascape ecosystem biome ecoregion province zone region district site locality habitat microhabitat niche ecological-niche fundamental-niche realized-niche trophic-niche spatial-niche temporal-niche biotic-niche abiotic-niche multidimensional-niche n-dimensional-niche Hutchinsonian-niche Grinnellian-niche Eltonian-niche resource requirement limitation stress disturbance perturbation fluctuation variability heterogeneity complexity diversity redundancy stability persistence adaptation acclimation plasticity evolvability heritability selection drift flow mutation recombination speciation coalescence divergence convergence parallelism homoplasy analogy homology synapomorphy symplesiomorphy autapomorphy apomorphy plesiomorphy derived ancestral primitive advanced basal crown stem node branch clade grade subfamily family superfamily infraorder suborder order superorder infraclass subclass class superclass subphylum phylum superphylum kingdom domain life organism individual etc.
Polistes dominula
European Paper Wasp
Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.
invasive-species social-wasp paper-wasp predator pollinator urban-ecology eusocial nest-construction biological-control thermal-biology spatial-learning vibrational-communication aposematism honest-signal overwintering diapause Polistes Vespidae Hymenoptera North-America Europe New-Zealand South-Africa South-America monarch-butterfly caterpillar-predation nest-architecture gyne foundress dominance-hierarchy climate-change-impact energetics metabolic-rate microclimate suburban-habitat anthropogenic ornamental-pest vineyard-pest fruit-damage stinging-insect venom poison-gland warning-coloration Zahavian-signal Strepsiptera parasitoid Xenos behavioral-plasticity foraging learning memory thermoregulation ectothermy endothermy solar-radiation nest-temperature brood-development colony-survival multiple-founding single-founding season-length latitude temperate Mediterranean hibernacle overwintering-costs climate-warming range-expansion competition native-species-displacement biodiversity-impact conservation management control integrated-pest-management IPM identification antennae-color facial-markings caste reproduction male female sexual-dimorphism antennae abdomen wing mandible saliva paper comb cell pedicel trophallaxis larva pupa adult worker queen subordinate dominant aggression defense threat-display sting toxicity brightness coloration predator-avoidance prey caterpillar Lepidoptera butterfly moth garden agriculture vineyard orchard urban suburban rural forest habitat-preference temperature metabolism quiescence torpor survival fitness colony nest population abundance distribution range expansion invasion establishment introduction biotic-interaction trophic-cascade herbivory-suppression plant-fitness milkweed Danaus-plexippus monarch Nelson Tasman ecosystem-impact conservation-management biological-invasion ecology behavior physiology morphology taxonomy systematics nomenclature gender-agreement Latin Christ 1791 Vespa-dominula basionym catalogue-of-life GBIF iNaturalist observation citizen-science photography illustration field-guide orange black yellow red color-pattern size wing-length body compact legs short face square triangular dark curled straight elbowed blunt pointed tip Zahavian costly-signal hunt forage nectar honeydew aphid scale-insect flower grape umbellifer fennel lovage insect meatball feed emerge chew cap hexagonal wood-fiber bark exposed open umbrella stalk ant repellent substance coat protect location eave attic tree branch vine shrub cavity bird-box bee-hive shed grave-lantern overwinter shelter protected thermal climate cold winter spring summer autumn fall season month day activity defend threat display raise tiptoe social dominance hierarchy reproductive egg lay found cooperate compete selfish passive-aggressive individual recognition facial-marking cognition mushroom-body brain intelligent artist architect navigation plasticity spatial relocating food resource dish bait training experience vibration communication signal substrate-borne abdominal wagging oscillation secretion modulation perceive react movement attention feeding inspection body-temperature ambient solar radiation metabolic cost energetic expenditure efficiency warming change impact increase invasive spread success competitive ability flexibility adaptation reaction response condition year variation productivity founding single multiple rate benefit cooperation predation parasitism vesparum stylopid stylopization parasite host infestation mite Acari wasp fly effect community decline Danaus plexippus mortality instar early late larger smaller vulnerable resistant discovery chance contact direct recruitment nestmate site cascading trophic cascade herbivory suppression plant growth production Asclepias net exclusion experiment outcome suggestion strong detrimental ecosystem strategy method development protection biodiversity region first 2016 recent established exotic congener chinensis longer comparison higher lower greatest area built structure native unsuccessful translocate unable thrive warmer origin contributor factor research thesis insight behaviour knowledge direction aid effective journal publication DOI 10.26686 wgtn 14538585 v1 University Wellington Victoria MSc student dissertation study investigation analysis data field resident report local indirect interaction level function service provision natural pest biocontrol ornamental decorative crop damage fruit cherry western Colorado at least ripening choice preference height ground strata microsite environment closed habitat dense vegetation surrounding bush Patagonia Argentina Chile NW detected 2003 sympatric coexistence overlap minimal facilitation behavioral process interspecific semi-urban poorly studied species Hypodynerus labiatus new light finding contribution understanding collecting anthropized highlight importance consideration Ethology 10.1111 eth 13505 abstract only limited detail full text required comprehensive synthesis vibrational widespread regulate crucial conspicuous oscillatory wag strictly associated presence suggested involvement adult-larva hypothesis short-term trophallactic exchange modulate salivary decrease amount prepare receive stimulate release electro-magnetic shaker assess time record measure immediately after playback result show produce possibly order attract during neither nor support alleged role long-lasting Experimental Biology 10.1242 jeb 186247 flexible system expanding North America cause stir fast upon explanation present literature good invader northern rise little known nesting Central investigate basic principle Germany 49°group one to four small shorter than other mean newly founded 83 average length 4.6 prefer 54%46%major increased 47%single-foundress whereas 100%more two however no number term per observe well three consecutive greatly depending preceding imply remarkably quickly outside rapid colder Ecosphere 10.1890 es15-00254 1 thermoregulatory polistine different collect demand brood mainly ectothermic task living differing reveal environmental influence warm Southern infrared thermography entire usually ~20–40 °C nearly linearly thorax warmest part achieve optimal preferably use model enable evaluation endothermic effort exhibit weak almost constant performance about contrast mostly minor avoid high way reduce Insects 10.3390 insects10070187 trait strongly Comparative B 10.1007 s00360-016-1041-x provided gallicus insects14110849 adverse weather offer low sheltered live energy store Italy Austria describe calculate according standard differ significantly between 3.2 ±5.71 8.5 5.29 variance correspond closely meteorological cumulative mass-specific over period lowest compared both acclimation calculation up 3 due dramatic 40%additional exponentially temperature-dependent fluctuation disproportionately Jensen's inequality wooden bird box empty bee hive under grapevine grave lantern cemetery begin when exceed ~18–20 confidence note information inferred from active not discussed this source association addressed relationship insects14110886 thermophilic originating but now widely quite synanthropic human settlement place with favorable typical side wasps'wide ~20–37 above air advantage as accelerate speed did approximately 38.6 managed by cooling near ~1–2 cm always clearly elevated station climate-model-generated macroclimate revealed necessity measuring for reliable description insects'brighter-colored poison gland Frontiers Zoology 10.1186 1742-9994-9-20 aposmatism against consisting warning using toxin costly physical could simultaneously abundant striking such case indicate animal toxic also would ensure honestly examine positive correlation exists collected 30 photographed them volume width remained even controlling suggest pattern true sign poisonous they have theoretical predicting indicates quantitative within acting metabolically therefore limitation first-year Spain exact age unknown ethanol preservation may alter applied uniformly pseudoreplication intraspecific supported while successfully worldwide revisiting previously gathered flight manipulation performed target several visit additionally analyse dealing position whether choose visited containing opt novel baited placed 60 away then train either once or compare taken find displaced demonstrate rapidly learned return certain significant reduction likewise manipulate spending less each moreover offered just majority furthermore contribute behavioural considering marginalis Cape Province South Africa African Entomology 10.4001 003 022 0104 Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 10.23885 1814-3326-2015-11-1-85-89 degree Hungary Natura Somogyiensis 10.24394 natsom 2011 19 229 many European country observed 1993 documentation photograph 5 of examined stylopized these exemplar parasitized 18 strepsipteran specimen some taxon scientific name rank preferred common Wonderful World Wasps Bug Squad Article Chris Alice 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ReplyDelete RepliesReplyOut prairieSeptember 8:02 keeping cabbage worm seen RepliesReplyAnonymousSeptember 13 2:06 PM becoming here Upper Peninsula Michigan pendulum seems swung ago everywhere vanishingly rare haven't again house right RepliesReplyL.R ShimerSeptember 4:35 head gal work everybody else kinda egalitarian RepliesReplyLarryMay 9:34 directed Bev Wigney BTW lived NE Missouri detailed presented Thanks cogent scientifically accurate summary insect's life-cycle RepliesBug EricMay 3:47 kind compliments Delete RepliesReplyReplyAdd commentLoad Blog currently reply reader himself Working resolve Newer Older Subscribe Atom Demonized hosting 4 p.m.Saturday Jan 20 Room 1124 Academic Surge 455 Crocker Lane campus Attendees chat check 50,000 vespid eight-million free friendly Parking estimate 2000 described inhabit 500 undescribed headline-grabbing giant Vespa mandarinia formerly Asian news media dubbed murder hornet confuse identify sheet example hidden rodent burrow wall huge 100,00 will scavenge meat sugar soda hamburger road open-faced commonly located annual die cabbageworm white superb much delivered presentation website interested mechanism evolution honey Current project involve novo sequencing genome transcriptome genomic epigenetic regulating nutrition virus health hold doctorate Illinois Urbana–Champaign Gene Robinson postdoctoral Christina Grozinger unwelcome yard patio Preferring like beneath Sometimes legless grublike outstretched hand 15 relatively unaggressive problem doorway list earlier lepidopteran carry yeast winemaking fermentation flavor wine fuscatus recognize devoted mother dote fury opinion human-like great cooperator overall undercurrent selfishness manifest perfect themselves mushroom learning/memory 10 photogenic peer petal visitor camp Sierra Nevada mountain witnessed stinging crowded table ah sipped wondered says elsewhere which fertilized must warms enough lot protein baby need survived because drier usual deal competing go maintenance 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