India
Guides
Antheraea
tussar moths
Antheraea is a genus of giant silk moths in the family Saturniidae, established by Jacob Hübner in 1819. Species in this genus are notable for producing wild silk of commercial importance, commonly known as "tussar silk" or "tussah silk." The genus includes species distributed across Asia, North America, and other regions, with several species cultivated for sericulture. Caterpillars of Antheraea species feed on diverse host plants including oaks and other woody trees.
Argyrodes nephilae
dewdrop spider
Argyrodes nephilae is a small cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae, commonly known as a dewdrop spider. It lives as a kleptoparasite in the webs of large orb-weaving spiders, particularly those in the genus Nephila. The species ranges from the United States through Central and South America to Argentina and the Galapagos Islands, with introduced populations in India.
Camptoptera
Camptoptera is a genus of fairyflies (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) characterized by reduced wing venation and distinctive male genitalia. The genus includes the subgenus Eofoersteria, whose males were described for the first time in 2021 based on specimens from India. Species within this genus are extremely small parasitoid wasps, typical of Mymaridae, with body lengths often under 1 mm. Taxonomic revisions have clarified species boundaries and geographic distributions, particularly in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions.
Carausius morosus
Indian Walking Stick, Common Stick Insect, Laboratory Stick Insect
Carausius morosus is a parthenogenetic phasmid native to Tamil Nadu, India, widely distributed globally through accidental introductions and captive culture. Females reproduce without males; no wild males have been reported, though gynandromorphs occasionally occur in captivity. The species is nocturnal, feeding at night and remaining motionless during daylight hours. It has become established outside its native range in locations including Great Britain, Portugal, South Africa, and the United States, where it occasionally damages ornamental plants.
Cedusa vulgaris
blue Derbid planthopper
Cedusa vulgaris is a planthopper in the family Derbidae, commonly known as the blue Derbid planthopper. First described by Fitch in 1851, this species is native to North America but has been recently documented as an emerging pest in Indian grape vineyards since May 2024. Adults feed on phloem sap of grape plants through piercing-sucking mouthparts. The species belongs to a group of planthoppers often characterized by distinctive coloration and association with woody host plants.
Chabula
Chabula is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, subfamily Pyraustinae. The genus was established by Moore in 1886 and contains at least two described species: Chabula acamasalis (described by Walker in 1859) and Chabula vedonalis (described by Swinhoe in 1894). These moths belong to the diverse snout moth group, characterized by their elongated labial palps.
Cleora
Cleora is a genus of geometrid moths erected by John Curtis in 1825. The genus contains approximately 50 described species distributed across multiple continents. Some species, such as Cleora cornaria (the neem looper), are economically significant as defoliators of cultivated trees. The genus includes species with varied common names reflecting their appearance or host associations, including the ringed carpet (C. cinctaria), projected gray (C. projecta), double-lined gray (C. sublunaria), and kawakawa looper (C. scriptaria).
Forcipomyia fuliginosa
Forcipomyia fuliginosa is a biting midge in the family Ceratopogonidae. It exhibits ectoparasitic hemolymphophagy, feeding on the blood of insect larvae. The species has been documented as a pest of the tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta in India, where preferential landing and blood-feeding behavior on silkworm larvae threatens the sericulture industry. It is one of numerous Forcipomyia species, some of which are notable as pollinators of cacao.
Gyranusoidea
Gyranusoidea is a genus of encyrtid parasitoid wasps established by Compere in 1947. The genus contains species that are primary parasitoids of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae), with several species deployed as biological control agents for agricultural pest management. Gyranusoidea tebygi is the most extensively studied species, introduced from India to West Africa in 1987 to control the invasive mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens, where it established readily and achieved significant pest suppression. Other species such as G. indica have been reported as parasitoids of additional mealybug pests including Maconellicoccus hirsutus.
Halyini
Halyini is a tribe of stink bugs within the family Pentatomidae. The tribe has historically served as a provisional grouping for numerous genera, many of which have subsequently been reassigned to other tribes. Current taxonomy recognizes multiple genera within Halyini, including Halys and Neohalys, though the precise generic composition remains subject to revision. The tribe is characterized by morphological features of the male and female terminalia, which are important for species-level identification.
Hecalus
Hecalus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae, and tribe Hecalini. The genus was established by Stål in 1864. Recent records from Dampa Tiger Reserve in Mizoram, India have documented species including Hecalus facialis and Hecalus wallengrenii, contributing to an updated understanding of the genus's distribution in India.
Hyadaphis coriandri
coriander aphid
Hyadaphis coriandri is a species of aphid specialized on coriander (Coriandrum sativum), where it is considered a major pest. It has been documented as a prey species for the ladybird beetle Menochilus sexmaculatus in laboratory biocontrol studies, though it supports predator development with reduced growth metrics compared to alternative aphid hosts. The species has a wide geographic distribution including parts of Asia, Europe (Madeira), and North America (Hawaii, conterminous United States).
Lanelater
Lanelater is a genus of click beetles (family Elateridae, subfamily Agrypninae) established by Arnett in 1952. The genus includes at least 10 described species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. Species have been documented in India, Pakistan, and other regions, with some species such as Lanelater fuscipes recognized as significant agricultural pests whose larvae (wireworms) damage field crops by feeding on below-ground plant structures. A new species, Lanelater majeednsis, was recently described from Khairpur district, Sindh, Pakistan.
Lasiochilidae
Lasiochilid Pirate Bugs
Lasiochilidae is a family of minute predatory true bugs in the order Hemiptera, commonly referred to as lasiochilid pirate bugs. These insects are closely related to Anthocoridae (flower bugs) and share similar ecological roles as predators of small arthropods and pests. The family has been documented across the Oriental and Palaearctic regions, with recent taxonomic work in India identifying multiple species and new regional records.
Maruca vitrata
legume pod borer, maruca pod borer, bean pod borer, soybean pod borer, mung moth, spotted pod borer
Maruca vitrata is a pantropical moth and major agricultural pest of leguminous crops, particularly affecting cowpea, pigeon pea, mung bean, and soybean. Larvae feed on flower buds, flowers, and young pods, causing yield losses of 20–80% in susceptible cowpea varieties. The species has low genetic differentiation across its range due to high gene flow, with populations in India showing evidence of recent demographic expansion. It serves as host for several parasitoid wasps (Braconidae, Ichneumonidae) and flies (Tachinidae) that provide biological control.
Microterys
Microterys is a large genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Encyrtidae (Chalcidoidea), with its center of distribution in the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Species are important natural enemies of various scale insects (Coccoidea), including soft scales (Coccidae), wax scales (Ceroplastes), and mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). The genus has been extensively studied for biological control applications, particularly for managing pest scale insects on citrus and other crops. Several species have been introduced to new regions as biocontrol agents, including Microterys flavus in California.
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oriental broad-nosed weevils, ash weevils, grey weevils, Sri Lankan weevils
Myllocerus is a large genus of oriental broad-nosed weevils in the family Curculionidae, comprising at least 330 described species. Species within this genus are predominantly distributed across the Indian subcontinent and surrounding regions, with several species recognized as significant agricultural pests. Notable pest species include Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus (Sri Lankan weevil), M. maculosus (cotton grey weevil), and M. viridanus (ash weevil), which attack diverse crop plants including cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruit trees. The genus exhibits typical weevil morphology with broad rostrums and root-feeding larval stages combined with foliage-feeding adults.
Neochrysocharis diastatae
Neochrysocharis diastatae is a minute parasitoid wasp in the family Eulophidae, first described from Hawaii in 1881. It has been documented as an egg parasitoid of tettigoniid orthopterans in the genus Letana in India, representing a newly recorded host association for this species. The species belongs to a genus whose members are generally associated with parasitism of insect eggs or larvae.
Nolidae
Tufted Moths, Tuft Moths
Nolidae is a family of small to medium-sized moths within the superfamily Noctuoidea, comprising approximately 1,400-1,700 described species worldwide. Members are characterized by relatively dull coloration and, in the subfamilies Nolinae and Collomeninae, distinctive tufts of raised scales on the forewings. The family was historically treated as a subfamily of Noctuidae but is now recognized as distinct based on morphological and molecular evidence. A defining feature of the family is the construction of a silk cocoon with a vertical exit slit for pupal emergence.
Orphanostigma
Orphanostigma is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae, established by William Warren in 1890. The genus contains at least seven described species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. One species, Orphanostigma abruptalis, has been documented as an agricultural pest of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), where larvae fold leaves lengthwise and web them to the plant.
Pambolus
Pambolus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae, subfamily Pambolinae. The genus was established by Haliday in 1836. Species have been documented from the Oriental region, including recent descriptions from the western Himalayas of India. Members are small wasps with limited published biological data.
Patrobini
Patrobini is a tribe of ground beetles (Carabidae) established by Kirby in 1837. Members include subtribe Deltomerodina, which contains genera such as Deltomerodes characterized by slender medium-sized bodies (8.5–12.0 mm), dorsally pubescent tarsi, and distinctive genitalia morphology. The tribe occurs in alpine and high-elevation habitats across the Himalayas and adjacent regions.
Pentodontini
rhinoceros beetles
Pentodontini is the most diverse tribe within the subfamily Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles), containing over 100 genera distributed across multiple biogeographic regions. Most genera are restricted to a single biogeographic region. The tribe is characterized by substantial morphological diversity, with generic-level identification often relying on mouthpart morphology in females and secondary sexual characters (horns, claw modifications, antennal club length) in males.
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Rhizotrogini is a tribe of scarab beetles within the subfamily Melolonthinae, established by Burmeister in 1855. The tribe contains genera distributed across the Palearctic region, including Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Several genera within Rhizotrogini contain species of agronomic importance, particularly in India where members are considered June beetles. The tribe has been subject to recent taxonomic revision, with species reclassified between genera and new species described from biogeographically significant regions such as Sardinia and Iran.
Sclerogibba rossi
Sclerogibba rossi is a species of parasitic wasp in the family Sclerogibbidae, a small family of rare wasps. The species was described by Olmi in 2005 and is known from scattered records across Madagascar, India, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Japan. Sclerogibbid wasps are ectoparasitoids of Embioptera (webspinners), with females exhibiting highly modified morphology adapted for this specialized lifestyle.
Scymninae
Scymnine lady beetles, Minute lady beetles
Scymninae is a subfamily of minute lady beetles within Coccinellidae, comprising at least 170 described species globally. Members are recognized as efficient biological control agents, particularly in agricultural systems. The subfamily is taxonomically diverse, represented by 5 tribes, 15 genera, and 138 species in the Indian subcontinent alone. Species within Scymninae exhibit morphological characteristics distinct from other coccinellid subfamilies, including specific arrangements of coxal lines and genitalia structures.
Strigoptera bimaculata
Strigoptera bimaculata is a tropical jewel beetle (Buprestidae) and the type species of its genus. It belongs to the tribe Polycestini. The species has been documented across Southeast Asia extending to Northern Australia, with a westernmost record from Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Available information is limited primarily to taxonomic and distributional data.
Strongylium cultellatum
Strongylium cultellatum is a species of darkling beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, subfamily Stenochiinae. Originally described from South America, the species has been documented in India, representing a significant range extension. It belongs to a large genus of long-jointed beetles characterized by elongated bodies and relatively long legs. The species is part of a taxonomically challenging group with ongoing revisionary work.
Tanaostigmodes
Tanaostigmodes is a genus of chalcid wasps in the family Tanaostigmatidae, established by Ashmead in 1896. Species in this genus exhibit diverse host associations with Fabaceae, including fruit-feeding and gall-inducing behaviors. Some species have reached pest status on cultivated legumes, while others induce distinct gall morphotypes on native plants. The genus is distributed across multiple continents including Asia and the Americas.
Teleonemia scrupulosa
lantana lace bug
Teleonemia scrupulosa is a sap-sucking lace bug (Hemiptera: Tingidae) widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. It is a specialist herbivore of Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) and has been deployed as a biological control agent against this invasive shrub in multiple countries since 1961. The species exhibits strong microhabitat preferences, thriving in high-light environments but failing to establish in shaded conditions. Its feeding causes characteristic chlorotic damage and can severely impair host plant photosynthesis.
Trioza brevigenae
Ficus leaf-rolling psyllid
Trioza brevigenae, known as the ficus leaf-rolling psyllid, is an invasive pest of Ficus microcarpa (Chinese banyan or Indian laurel fig) native to India. It was first detected in California in 2016, representing the first known occurrence outside its native range. The species causes characteristic leaf-roll galls on host foliage, with nymphs developing inside these protected structures. Its invasion pathway and full geographic distribution remain under investigation.