Australian-fauna
Guides
Ambositrinae
Ambositrinae is a subfamily of small parasitoid wasps within the family Diapriidae, established by Lubomir Masner in 1961. The group exhibits a predominantly Gondwanan distribution, with most extant species occurring in Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, and South America. The subfamily has been documented from Eocene amber deposits in Europe, indicating a broader historical distribution. Taxonomic revision of Australian Ambositrinae has identified multiple genera and numerous species, with wing reduction being a notable morphological feature in some lineages.
Aphaenogaster
Funnel Ants, Collared Ants
Aphaenogaster is a genus of myrmicine ants comprising approximately 200 described species, including 18 fossil species. Workers are monomorphic with 12-segmented antennae and four-segmented antennal clubs. The genus exhibits diverse nesting habits, with most species nesting in soil, under rocks, or in rotten wood, while some species such as A. mariae are arboreal. Australian species are known for constructing conspicuous funnel-shaped nest entrances up to 4 cm in diameter.
Baeoneurella
Baeoneurella is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Scelionidae, established by Alan Dodd in 1913. Members of this genus are small, solitary wasps that develop as parasitoids of insect eggs. The genus is poorly documented in scientific literature, with few species described and minimal biological data available.
Curteria
Curteria is a genus of mites in the family Erythraeidae, described by Southcott in 1961. These mites belong to the superfamily Erythraeoidea, a group of predatory or parasitic trombidiform mites commonly known as velvet mites. The genus is part of the diverse prostigmatan mite fauna, with limited published information on its biology and species diversity. Records of this genus are sparse, with few documented observations.
Deretaphrus
Deretaphrus is a genus of dry bark beetles (family Bothrideridae) comprising 25 species with a highly disjunct distribution centered on Australia. The genus was established in 1842 by Edward Newman based on specimens from Port Phillip, Australia. Most species (22) occur in Australia, with single species in New Caledonia, Bolivia, and western North America. The larvae are ectoparasites of woodboring beetle grubs, while adults appear to consume plant material.
Epiphyas
Epiphyas is a genus of tortricid moths in the tribe Archipini, established by Turner in 1927. The genus comprises approximately 39 described species and is primarily distributed across Australia and Tasmania, with additional species on Lord Howe Island. The most widely known member is Epiphyas postvittana (light brown apple moth), a major agricultural pest native to Australia that has been introduced to multiple countries including New Zealand, Hawaii, New Caledonia, the United Kingdom, and California. The genus includes both polyphagous pest species and endemic specialists with restricted host associations.
Euros
Euros is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, established by Edwards in 1881. The genus belongs to the subfamily Noctuinae, one of the largest and most diverse groups within the owlet moth family. Members of this genus are part of the rich Australian moth fauna, with the type species and related taxa occurring in various habitats across the continent.
Halticini
Halticini is a tribe of plant bugs within the family Miridae, subfamily Orthotylinae. The tribe has undergone generic reclassification based on phylogenetic analysis. Members are distributed globally, with notable diversity in Australia, the Caucasus Mountains, Central Asia, and the Middle East. Some genera exhibit striking morphological specializations, including myrmecomorphy and sexual dimorphism in antennae.
Hockeria tenuicornis
Hockeria tenuicornis is a species of chalcid wasp in the family Chalcididae, described by Girault in 1918. It belongs to the subfamily Haltichellinae and tribe Haltichellini. The genus Hockeria is part of a diverse family of parasitoid wasps whose members are typically associated with other insects as hosts. The specific epithet "tenuicornis" refers to slender or thin antennae.
Microterys
Microterys is a large genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Encyrtidae (Chalcidoidea), with its center of distribution in the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Species are important natural enemies of various scale insects (Coccoidea), including soft scales (Coccidae), wax scales (Ceroplastes), and mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). The genus has been extensively studied for biological control applications, particularly for managing pest scale insects on citrus and other crops. Several species have been introduced to new regions as biocontrol agents, including Microterys flavus in California.
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Bull and Dinosaur Ants
Myrmeciinae is a subfamily of ants in the family Formicidae, currently restricted to Australia and New Caledonia but with a fossil record indicating former worldwide distribution during the Eocene. The subfamily is notable for possessing gamergates—female workers capable of mating and reproducing to sustain colonies after queen loss. It includes two extant tribes (Myrmeciini and Prionomyrmecini) with living genera Myrmecia and Nothomyrmecia, plus multiple fossil genera from Eocene deposits in North America and Europe. Myrmeciinae is considered sociobiologically primitive, exhibiting ancestral traits such as simple colony organization and the absence of worker behavioral subcastes in studied species.
Onthophagini
Onthophagine dung beetles
Onthophagini is a large and ecologically significant tribe of dung beetles within the family Scarabaeidae. The tribe comprises approximately half of the world's dung beetle fauna, with the genus Onthophagus alone containing over 2,300 species worldwide. Members are found on every continent except Antarctica. The tribe originated from a single common ancestor shared with the Oniticellini, with which it forms a monophyletic group. While many dung beetles are known for ball-rolling behavior, Onthophagini species exhibit diverse feeding strategies including specialization on fungi, carrion, and dead millipedes, with some species living in close association with termites and ants.
Ornixolinae
Ornixolinae is a subfamily of leaf-mining micromoths within Gracillariidae, established in 2001. Members are characterized by specialized genital structures including hindwings with small frenular bristles along the costa in both sexes, a dorsal flap on tergum VIII in males, and a sclerotized semicircular female lamella antevaginalis. The subfamily contains approximately 30 genera distributed globally, with notable radiations in Australia, Hawaii, and Asia. Larvae are endophytic leaf miners that create diagnostic mine forms including serpentine, linear, and blotch patterns.
Polykatianna
Polykatianna is a genus of globular springtails in the family Katiannidae, characterized by their rounded body form typical of the Symphypleona. The genus was established by J.T. Salmon in 1946 and contains species distributed across widely separated regions including Australia, Antarctica and subantarctic islands, the Caribbean, and East Africa. Members of this genus inhabit diverse terrestrial environments from arid central Australian landscapes to cold subantarctic ecosystems.
Salina banksi
Salina banksi is a species of elongate-bodied springtail in the family Paronellidae, first described by A.D. MacGillivray in 1894. Springtails (Collembola) are small, wingless hexapods that are among the most abundant terrestrial arthropods, though individual species are often poorly documented. The specific epithet "banksi" honors the naturalist Joseph Banks. This species belongs to a genus and family characterized by elongated body forms adapted for life in soil and leaf litter communities.
Trichoptilus
Trichoptilus is a genus of plume moths (family Pterophoridae) established by Walsingham in 1880. The genus contains approximately 15 recognized species distributed primarily in the Southern Hemisphere, with records from Australia, New Zealand, and surrounding regions. Species in this genus are characterized by their distinctive wing morphology typical of plume moths, with wings divided into feather-like plumes. The genus includes the former species Trichoptilus bidens, now transferred to the genus Prichotilus.