Hawaiian-endemic
Guides
Ornixolinae
Ornixolinae is a subfamily of leaf-mining micromoths within Gracillariidae, established in 2001. Members are characterized by specialized genital structures including hindwings with small frenular bristles along the costa in both sexes, a dorsal flap on tergum VIII in males, and a sclerotized semicircular female lamella antevaginalis. The subfamily contains approximately 30 genera distributed globally, with notable radiations in Australia, Hawaii, and Asia. Larvae are endophytic leaf miners that create diagnostic mine forms including serpentine, linear, and blotch patterns.
Schenkia
ʻĀwiwi (for S. sebaeoides)
Schenkia is a genus of flowering plants in the gentian family, Gentianaceae, reinstated from the polyphyletic genus Centaurium based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence. The genus comprises five species distributed across Eurasia, North Africa, Australia, the Pacific region, and Hawaii. It was originally described by Grisebach in 1853 and is placed in the subtribe Chironiinae.
Telmatogeton
Seaweed Midges
Telmatogeton is a genus of non-biting midges in the family Chironomidae, comprising approximately 21 described species distributed across marine intertidal, freshwater torrential, and inland saline habitats. Species exhibit diverse ecological specializations: some are torrenticolous inhabitants of high-velocity stream substrates, others are intertidal flightless midges restricted to specific tidal zones, and at least one species occurs in the Caspian Sea basin. The genus is notable for its osmoregulatory adaptations and flow-dependent life history strategies.