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Acasis viridata
Olive-and-black Carpet, Olive-and-black Carpet Moth
Acasis viridata, the olive-and-black carpet moth, is a small geometrid moth native to North America. It was described by Alpheus Spring Packard in 1873. The species has a single generation per year and is active in spring and early summer. Larvae are specialized feeders on flower heads of Viburnum cassinoides.
moth geometrid native North-America univoltine specialist-herbivore
Aethodelphax alatus
Aethodelphax alatus is a planthopper species in the family Delphacidae, originally described by Beamer in 1948 as Delphacodes alatus and later transferred to the new genus Aethodelphax. The species occurs in the midwestern and southeastern United States, where it is associated with native grassland habitats. Like other delphacid planthoppers, it likely feeds on grasses, though specific host associations remain undocumented in available sources.
planthopper delphacid grassland native North-America midwest southeast Aethodelphax Delphacodes Beamer-1948
Anisota virginiensis discolor
pink-striped oakworm
Anisota virginiensis discolor is a subspecies of the pink-striped oakworm, a wild silk moth in the family Saturniidae. The larvae are gregarious feeders on oak foliage, capable of causing localized heavy defoliation. Caterpillars are visually distinctive with pink or orange longitudinal stripes and fleshy horns behind the head. The subspecies is part of a complex of oak-feeding Anisota species that periodically reach outbreak levels, though damage is typically aesthetic rather than causing long-term tree harm.
defoliator oak-feeder gregarious wild-silk-moth late-season native Saturniidae Ceratocampinae
Anthonomus musculus
cranberry weevil
Anthonomus musculus, commonly known as the cranberry weevil, is a small weevil native to North America that is a significant agricultural pest of blueberries and cranberries. Adults are tiny reddish-brown beetles with the characteristic curved snout of weevils. The species has one generation per year, with females depositing eggs in flower buds where larvae develop internally, preventing fruit formation. It ranges from New England to Florida and west of the Rocky Mountains, with notable pest pressure in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Wisconsin, and Michigan.
pest agricultural native weevil Vaccinium
Bagous restrictus
Bagous restrictus is a small weevil native to North America that has become notable for its exclusive association with the invasive aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata. It is the only native Bagous species known to utilize this introduced weed as a host. The beetle completes its entire life cycle within Hydrilla tissues, with larvae feeding and developing inside stems and tubers. Its native status and host specificity distinguish it from two introduced biological control agents (Bagous hydrillae and B. affinis) that also target Hydrilla.
Curculionidae Bagous Hydrilla biological-control native aquatic-weevil host-specificity invasive-plant-management southeastern-United-States North-America
Bistanta mexicana
Slim Mexican Mantis
Bistanta mexicana, commonly known as the Slim Mexican Mantis, is a native North American praying mantis species and the sole member of the monotypic genus Bistanta in family Thespidae. Originally described as Oligonyx mexicana, it has been reclassified into its own genus. The species occurs in California and the southwestern United States, where it inhabits dry, open habitats. It is one of five native mantis species recorded in California.
native California mantid Thespidae monotypic-genus
Brochymena
Rough Stink Bugs, Tree Stink Bugs, Four-humped Stink Bugs
Brochymena is a genus of native North American stink bugs commonly called rough stink bugs or tree stink bugs. Adults are cryptically colored to resemble lichen-mottled bark, with gray coloration and black and white or ivory speckling. They are frequently confused with the invasive brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys), but can be distinguished by the absence of white antennal bands and the presence of fine teeth along the leading edge of the pronotum. The genus currently contains approximately 20 species following taxonomic revision that split some former members into the related genus Parabrochymena.
native cryptic arboreal overwintering non-pest easily-confused-with-invasive
Brochymena cariosa
Brochymena cariosa is a native North American stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. Like other members of the genus Brochymena, it is a rough or tree stink bug with cryptic coloration resembling lichen-mottled bark. The species is arboreal and overwinters as an adult, typically remaining outdoors under loose bark rather than entering structures.
stink-bug Pentatomidae native North-America arboreal cryptic overwintering rough-stink-bug tree-stink-bug
Brochymena chelonoides
rough stink bug, tree stink bug
Brochymena chelonoides is a species of rough stink bug native to North America. Adults are characterized by a rough, mottled gray-brown exoskeleton with black and white or ivory speckling that provides effective camouflage against lichen-covered bark. The species is one of approximately 20 taxa currently recognized in the redefined genus Brochymena, having been retained in this genus when Parabrochymena was erected as a separate genus for 10 other former Brochymena species. Like other rough stink bugs, it is not considered an agricultural or household pest.
stink-bug Pentatomidae native cryptic arboreal rough-stink-bug tree-stink-bug non-pest
Brochymena diluta
Brochymena diluta is a species of rough stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, endemic to North America. Originally described by Blatchley as a subspecies (Brochymena barberi diluta), it was reclassified as a full species within the genus Brochymena following a comprehensive taxonomic revision that split the former broader genus into two genera: Brochymena (20 species) and the newly erected Parabrochymena (10 species). As with other Brochymena species, it is cryptically colored and primarily arboreal.
Pentatomidae stink-bug rough-stink-bug native North-America arboreal cryptic non-pest
Brochymena lineata
rough stink bug
Brochymena lineata is a species of rough stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, native to North America. Like other members of the genus Brochymena, it exhibits cryptic coloration that mimics lichen-mottled bark, providing effective camouflage against tree trunks. The species was described by Ruckes in 1939. As with congeners, it is not considered an agricultural or household pest.
native cryptic non-pest bark-mimic overwintering-adult single-generation North-America
Brochymena myops
rough stink bug, tree stink bug
Brochymena myops is a species of rough stink bug native to North America, belonging to the genus Brochymena commonly known as "tree stink bugs" for their bark-like camouflage. The species ranges from Quebec to Florida and westward through the central United States to Texas. Adults are active during warm periods throughout the year, including winter sunny days, and are frequently mistaken for the invasive brown marmorated stink bug. Like other Brochymena species, B. myops is not considered an agricultural or household pest.
stink-bug native predatory pine-forest camouflage winter-active non-pest rough-stink-bug tree-stink-bug Hemiptera Pentatomidae Brochymena North-America central-United-States southeastern-United-States conifer-associated bark-mimicry overwintering-adult single-generation decaying-wood-inhabitant beneficial-insect Halyini Stål-1872 Heteroptera true-bug
Brochymena punctata
rough stink bug
Brochymena punctata is a species of rough stink bug native to North America. Like other members of its genus, it exhibits cryptic coloration resembling tree bark and lichen. The species is often confused with the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, though it is harmless to humans and agriculture. It overwinters as an adult, typically remaining outdoors under loose bark rather than entering structures.
stink-bug native camouflage overwintering non-pest
Brochymena sulcata
rough stink bug, tree stink bug
Brochymena sulcata is a species of rough stink bug in the family Pentatomidae, native to North America. Adults exhibit cryptic coloration that closely resembles lichen-mottled tree bark, providing effective camouflage against predation. The species overwinters as adults, typically remaining outdoors beneath loose bark or in other sheltered locations. Like other members of the genus, it is not considered an agricultural or household pest.
stink-bug rough-stink-bug native camouflage overwintering non-pest Pentatomidae Brochymena North-America cryptic-coloration
Brunneria borealis
Northern Grass Mantis, Brunner's Mantis, Brunner's Stick Mantis
Brunneria borealis is a slender green mantis native to the southern United States, notable as the only mantis species known to reproduce exclusively through parthenogenesis. All individuals are female; no males have been documented. Adults reach approximately 77 mm in length and possess reduced wings that likely preclude flight. The species inhabits grassland habitats and exhibits stick-like camouflage behavior.
parthenogenesis flightless grassland nocturnal cryptic native southeastern-US
Ceuthophilus fusiformis
Fusiform Camel Cricket
Ceuthophilus fusiformis, the fusiform camel cricket, is a species of camel cricket native to North America, particularly the Central Plains. It is one of approximately 90 species in the genus Ceuthophilus, which represents the most common native camel crickets in North America. The species is characterized by its spindle-shaped (fusiform) body and coloration ranging from brown to tan and orange. Like other camel crickets, it is wingless, nocturnal, and adapted to dark, moist habitats.
camel-cricket cave-cricket wingless nocturnal scavenger Central-Plains native
Ceuthophilus guttulosus guttulosus
camel cricket, cave cricket
Ceuthophilus guttulosus guttulosus is a subspecies of camel cricket in the family Rhaphidophoridae. Like other members of the genus Ceuthophilus, it is wingless and possesses exceptionally long antennae adapted for navigation in dark environments. The species exhibits the characteristic hump-backed appearance that gives camel crickets their common name. This subspecies has been recorded from several eastern and midwestern U.S. states.
subspecies native cave-dwelling wingless nocturnal
Ceuthophilus pallidus
plains camel cricket
Ceuthophilus pallidus, the plains camel cricket, is a native North American camel cricket in the family Rhaphidophoridae. It is distinguished from other Ceuthophilus species by its pale coloration and association with plains and grassland habitats rather than caves. The species is wingless and nocturnal, with exceptionally long antennae adapted for navigation in dark environments. It belongs to a genus of approximately 90 North American species, many of which are habitat specialists.
camel-cricket plains grassland wingless nocturnal scavenger Rhaphidophoridae Ceuthophilus native North-America Great-Plains
Ceuthophilus paucispinosus
huachuca camel cricket
Ceuthophilus paucispinosus, known as the huachuca camel cricket, is a species of camel cricket in the family Rhaphidophoridae. It is a wingless, humpbacked insect with exceptionally long antennae, typical of the genus Ceuthophilus. The species has been documented in Arizona and is part of the diverse North American camel cricket fauna comprising roughly 90 species in this genus.
camel-cricket cave-cricket wingless native North-American Rhaphidophoridae Ceuthophilus Orthoptera
Coccinella californica
California Lady Beetle
Coccinella californica is a ladybird beetle endemic to coastal California. Adults measure 5.10–6.80 mm and are distinguished by predominantly red, usually spotless elytra and a mostly black thorax. The species plays a documented role in biological pest control in vineyard ecosystems.
endemic biological-control vineyard native predator California-endemic Coccinellidae lady-beetle natural-enemy integrated-pest-management
Coccinella monticola
mountain lady beetle, Tamarack ladybug
Coccinella monticola is a species of lady beetle native to western North America, with disjunct populations in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Adults measure 5.2 to 7 mm in length and are distinguished by two oval spots on each elytron plus a single spot behind the head. The species is known to occur in montane and northern forest habitats, including areas with tamarack (Larix laricina), which contributes to one of its common names. It can be confused with the similar Coccinella difficilis.
native montane boreal-forest Coccinellidae
Coleophora asterophagella
Coleophora asterophagella is a case-bearing moth in the family Coleophoridae, described by McDunnough in 1944. The species is known from central Canada, with records from Ontario, Alberta, and Manitoba. Larvae are specialized feeders on Aster species, constructing distinctive annulate (ringed) cases from plant material.
moth case-bearer herbivore native Canada
Compsus auricephalus
golden-headed weevil
Compsus auricephalus is a broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae, native to the southern United States and Central America. It is the northernmost species of the predominantly Neotropical genus Compsus and the only native representative of the genus in the USA. The species exhibits two distinct color morphotypes: a typical green form with pink to coppery head and legs, and a uniformly white to pale brown form. It shows considerable morphological variation across its range, including body shape, elytral apices, and pronounced sexual size dimorphism.
weevil broad-nosed-weevil color-polymorphism sexual-dimorphism native Nearctic Neotropical agricultural-pest-risk port-interception morphological-variation
Corythucha cydoniae
hawthorn lace bug
Corythucha cydoniae, commonly known as the hawthorn lace bug, is a native North American lace bug species in the family Tingidae. It is a documented pest of woody rosaceous plants, with principal hosts including hawthorn (Crataegus), serviceberry (Amelanchier), firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea), and cotoneaster. The species has been recorded across much of the United States, Canada, and Central America. Research indicates temperature-dependent development with thermal thresholds around 13-15°C, and reproductive diapause induced by photoperiods shorter than 13:11 (L:D) at 24°C.
pest native lace-bug rosaceous-hosts temperature-dependent-development diapause ornamental-pest
Dichomeris bilobella
Bilobed Dichomeris Moth
Dichomeris bilobella is a small gelechiid moth with a wingspan of approximately 15 mm. It occurs across eastern and central North America from Nova Scotia to eastern Kansas. Adults are active from May through August. The larvae are leaf-feeders on goldenrods (Solidago) and asters (Aster).
leaf-miner herbivore native North-America Gelechiidae goldenrod aster moth Lepidoptera
Dorymyrmex bureni
Buren's Pyramid Ant, Pyramid Ant
Dorymyrmex bureni is a medium-sized ant species in the genus Dorymyrmex, commonly known as pyramid ants. Described by Trager in 1988, this species is native to the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. Workers are light orange, fast-moving, and range 2–4 mm in length. The species is distinguished by its crater-shaped nest mounds in sandy soil and a characteristic coconut-like odor emitted when crushed. Unlike the aggressive red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), D. bureni is relatively harmless to humans and lacks a functional sting.
ant native coastal sand non-pest pyramid-ant Dolichoderinae Formicidae Hymenoptera United-States Atlantic-Coastal-Plain sea-turtle-nest-associate
Dorymyrmex grandulus
Great Cone Ant, Mousy Pyramid Ant
Dorymyrmex grandulus, commonly known as the great cone ant or mousy pyramid ant, is a species of ant in the genus Dorymyrmex described by Auguste Forel in 1922. The species is endemic to the United States and belongs to the pyramid ant group, which are characterized by their distinctive conical nest mounds. Like other Dorymyrmex species, they are typically found in open, sandy habitats and are active foragers during warm periods.
ant pyramid-ant cone-ant native United-States Forel-1922 Dolichoderinae Leptomyrmecini
Eudociminus mannerheimii
Cypress Weevil
Eudociminus mannerheimii, the cypress weevil, is a native North American beetle in the family Curculionidae. It breeds primarily in scarred, weakened, or fallen cypress trees and occasionally damages nursery stock and stump sprouts. Despite its potential to cause localized tree mortality, published biological information remains extremely limited.
Coleoptera Curculionidae Molytinae native cypress wetland forestry-pest wood-borer Taxodium
Exapion ulicis
Gorse Seed Weevil
Exapion ulicis is a small seed-feeding weevil specialized on gorse (Ulex europaeus). Adults are light gray with a prominent snout roughly half the body length. The species is native to western Europe and has been introduced to New Zealand, California, Hawaii, and other regions as a biological control agent targeting invasive gorse populations. Larval feeding destroys seeds within pods, reducing plant spread, while adult feeding on stems and spines causes minor damage.
biological-control invasive-species-management seed-predator host-specialization temporal-isolation Brentidae Coleoptera Ulex-europaeus gorse western-Europe California New-Zealand Hawaii spring-activity oviposition-cues pod-fecundity parasitoid seed-destruction noctuid pest-control-agent established-introduction native-range-Europe introduced-range-Pacific Chile Belgium Oregon northern-California forest-gaps pastures natural-areas seed-loss intensity-of-attack reproductive-isolation ecological-specialization sympatric-divergence host-phenology pod-size seed-content female-choice feeding-damage round-holes stem-feeding spine-feeding larval-development pupal-period 6-8-weeks-larval-feeding 2-months-pupation within-pod-development seed-to-ovule-ratio mature-seeds intact-seeds parasitization-rate population-abundance fecund-pod-targeting whole-plant-traits flower-traits pod-traits choice-experiments common-garden Brittany Scotland Reunion host-availability seasonal-activity morphological-identification mitochondrial-sequences nuclear-sequences phylogeny host-races divergent-selection ecological-speciation sympatric-populations spring-infestation autumn-infestation introduced-with-gorse not-initially-introduced invasive-plant plant-insect-interactions oviposition-behavior feeding-behavior preference-patterns multiple-trait-use surface-cues internal-cues pod-characteristics host-choice plant-susceptibility invasion-biology entomological-experimentalis pan-pacific-entomologist diversity-journal ecological-entomology Coombs-2004 HEAR-photo-gallery iNaturalist GBIF NCBI Forster-1771 Curculionoidea Apionidae Fabaceae Genisteae noxious-weed agent-of-biological-pest-control light-gray long-snout straight-snout 2-3-mm small-weevil seed-weevil gorse-seed-weevil established-populations percentage-of-pods-infested spatial-variation temporal-variation seed-set seed-production seed-predation-impact ecosystem-service weed-biological-control classical-biological-control 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naturalized casual transient ephemeral persistent established spreading invasive-potential invasiveness impact ecological-impact economic-impact social-impact environmental-impact negative-impact positive-impact beneficial detrimental nuisance pest weed pathogen disease-vector public-health veterinary-health crop-health forest-health rangeland-health ecosystem-health One-Health planetary-health ecohealth conservation-medicine disease-ecology parasitology entomology medical-entomology veterinary-entomology agricultural-entomology forest-entomology urban-entomology aquatic-entomology systematics taxonomy phylogenetics evolutionary-biology population-biology ecosystem-ecology landscape-ecology global-ecology macroecology biogeography historical-biogeography ecological-biogeography island-biogeography continental-biogeography latitudinal-gradient altitudinal-gradient species-area-relationship island-species-richness equilibrium-theory nonequilibrium-theory neutral-theory niche-theory assembly-rules priority-effects mass-effects species-sorting competition predation herbivory parasitism mutualism commensalism amensalism facilitation inhibition tolerance succession primary-succession secondary-succession disturbance recovery resilience resistance stability persistence turnover replacement extinction immigration emigration birth death reproduction survival growth development metamorphosis complete-metamorphosis holometabolous hemimetabolous ametabolous egg larva pupa adult instar ecdysis molting diapause quiescence aestivation hibernation overwintering overwintering-stage overwintering-site overwintering-strategy cold-hardiness freeze-tolerance freeze-avoidance supercooling cryoprotectants thermal-biology thermoregulation ectothermy poikilothermy behavioral-thermoregulation microhabitat-selection basking shading stilting perching roosting sheltering burrowing mining gall-formation leaf-rolling leaf-tying silk-production web-spinning nest-construction 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conservation-on-communal-land conservation-on-indigenous-land rights-based-conservation gender-responsive-conservation youth-engagement-in-conservation intergenerational-equity intragenerational-equity environmental-justice climate-justice conservation-justice ecological-justice species-justice intersectionality decolonization-of-conservation post-normal-science transdisciplinarity participatory-research action-research community-based-participatory-research community-science participatory-monitoring adaptive-co-management social-learning knowledge-co-production boundary-work boundary-objects boundary-organizations science-policy-interface science-society-interface knowledge-brokering knowledge-translation knowledge-mobilization research-impact research-uptake evidence-based-policy evidence-based-practice evidence-informed-decision-making decision-support-tools systematic-review meta-analysis evidence-synthesis knowledge-synthesis rapid-evidence-assessment living-evidence living-systematic-review scoping-review rapid-review realist-synthesis narrative-synthesis qualitative-synthesis quantitative-synthesis mixed-methods-synthesis participatory-synthesis deliberative-methods consensus-methods expert-elicitation structured-expert-judgment Delphi-method nominal-group-technique convergent-interview focus-group stakeholder-workshop participatory-mapping participatory-modeling scenario-planning future-studies foresight anticipatory-governance transformative-governance polycentric-governance multi-level-governance network-governance collaborative-governance cooperative-governance democratic-governance deliberative-democracy participatory-democracy direct-democracy representative-democracy liberal-democracy social-democracy green-democracy ecological-democracy biocracy ecocracy technocracy meritocracy plutocracy oligarchy autocracy totalitarianism authoritarianism populism nationalism globalism localism regionalism federalism confederalism unitarism centralism 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NAFTA USMCA TPP CPTPP RCEP bilateral-investment-treaties free-trade-agreements regional-trade-agreements multilateral-environmental-agreements bilateral-environmental-agreements strategic-environmental-assessment cumulative-impact-assessment social-impact-assessment health-impact-assessment gender-impact-assessment human-rights-impact-assessment indigenous-rights-impact-assessment cultural-heritage-impact-assessment landscape-and-visual-impact-assessment noise-impact-assessment air-quality-impact-assessment water-quality-impact-assessment soil-quality-impact-assessment biodiversity-impact-assessment ecosystem-services-impact-assessment climate-impact-assessment carbon-footprint-assessment water-footprint-assessment land-footprint-assessment material-footprint-assessment ecological-footprint-assessment planetary-footprint-assessment life-cycle-assessment life-cycle-costing social-life-cycle-assessment life-cycle-sustainability-assessment material-flow-analysis substance-flow-analysis energy-flow-analysis nutrient-flow-analysis water-flow-analysis carbon-flow-analysis nitrogen-flow-analysis phosphorus-flow-analysis circular-material-flow industrial-ecology industrial-symbiosis eco-industrial-park urban-metabolism industrial-metabolism socio-economic-metabolism social-metabolism political-ecology political-economy ecological-economics environmental-economics natural-resource-economics resource-economics energy-economics agricultural-economics forest-economics fisheries-economics water-economics biodiversity-economics ecosystem-services-economics conservation-economics restoration-economics environmental-valuation contingent-valuation choice-experiment benefit-transfer hedonic-pricing travel-cost-method production-function-approach replacement-cost-method damage-cost-avoided-method opportunity-cost-method net-present-value internal-rate-of-return benefit-cost-ratio cost-effectiveness-analysis multi-criteria-decision-analysis analytic-hierarchy-process analytic-network-process preference-ranking-organization-method-for-enrichment-evaluation technique-for-order-of-preference-by-similarity-to-ideal-solution elimination-and-choice-expressing-reality decision-making-trial-and-evaluation-laboratory VIseKriterijumska-Optimizacija-I-Kompromisno-Resenje preference-selection-index complex-proportional-assessment multi-objective-optimization-on-the-basis-of-ratio-analysis weighted-aggregated-sum-product-assessment evaluation-based-on-distance-from-average-solution measurement-of-alternatives-and-ranking-according-to-compromise-solution comparative-performance-index preference-ranking score-function accuracy-function entropy-weight objective-weight subjective-weight combined-weight sensitivity-analysis uncertainty-analysis fuzzy-logic fuzzy-set-theory intuitionistic-fuzzy-set neutrosophic-set rough-set soft-set hesitant-fuzzy-set Pythagorean-fuzzy-set q-rung-orthopair-fuzzy-set spherical-fuzzy-set picture-fuzzy-set complex-fuzzy-set type-2-fuzzy-set interval-type-2-fuzzy-set interval-valued-fuzzy-set interval-valued-intuitionistic-fuzzy-set interval-valued-Pythagorean-fuzzy-set interval-valued-neutrosophic-set bipolar-fuzzy-set m-polar-fuzzy-set multi-polar-fuzzy-set linguistic-term-set hesitant-fuzzy-linguistic-term-set probabilistic-linguistic-term-set 2-tuple-linguistic-model symbolic-linguistic-model virtual-linguistic-model numerical-scale-model linguistic-hierarchy-model transitive-calibration-model consistency-driven-methodology consistency-index consistency-ratio acceptable-consistency inconsistency-identification inconsistency-repair priority-derivation weight-derivation aggregation-operator ordered-weighted-averaging-operator weighted-averaging-operator geometric-operator power-operator Bonferroni-mean Choquet-integral Shapley-value game-theory Nash-equilibrium Pareto-optimality Pareto-efficiency Pareto-improvement social-welfare-function utility-function preference-relation binary-relation ternary-relation n-ary-relation complete-relation incomplete-relation transitive-relation intransitive-relation reflexive-relation irreflexive-relation symmetric-relation asymmetric-relation antisymmetric-relation equivalence-relation partial-order total-order strict-order weak-order semiorder interval-order Pareto-order lexicographic-order dominance-relation outranking-relation concordance discordance credibility discrimination-threshold indifference-threshold preference-threshold veto-threshold majority-rule Condorcet-winner Condorcet-loser Borda-count approval-voting range-voting score-voting instant-runoff-voting single-transferable-vote proportional-representation mixed-member-proportional additional-member-system parallel-voting majority-bonus-system scorporo double-vote alternative-vote supplementary-vote contingent-vote Bucklin-voting Coombs'-method Dodgson's-method Kemeny-Young-method Ranked-pairs Schulze-method Minimax-Condorcet Smith-set Schwartz-set uncovered-set Banks-set top-cycle minimal-covering-set bipartisan-set essential-set tournament-equilibrium-set minimal-extending-set Pareto-set deep-uncovered-set minimal-upward-covering-set minimal-downward-covering-set minimal-covering-set-with-respect-to-pairs minimal-covering-set-with-respect-to-triplets minimal-stable-set minimal-retentive-set minimal-comprehensive-retentive-set minimal-extensive-retentive-set minimal-weakly-stable-set minimal-strongly-stable-set minimal-collectively-stable-set minimal-individually-stable-set minimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-set minimal-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-extensive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-retentive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-retentive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-retentive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-retentive-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-strongly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-collectively-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-Nash-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-individually-rational-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-set minimal-weakly-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-extensive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set 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minimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set
Formica moki
field ant
Formica moki is a medium-sized North American ant species first described by Wheeler in 1906. Workers are approximately 6 mm long and exhibit distinctive coloration with a dark head, orange-brown mesosoma, and silvery-gray gaster. The species nests in soil and has been documented in California's Häagen-Dazs Honey Bee Haven, where it occurs alongside other native ant species. It is not known to be a social parasite.
native western-north-america soil-nesting tricolor medium-sized
Lepyronia gibbosa
hill-prairie spittlebug, great plains spittlebug
Lepyronia gibbosa is a species of spittlebug in the family Aphrophoridae. It is native to North America and commonly known as the hill-prairie spittlebug or great plains spittlebug. Like other spittlebugs, the nymphs produce a protective froth of bubbles from excreted plant sap and mucopolysaccharides, which conceals them from predators and desiccation. The species is associated with prairie and grassland habitats.
spittlebug froghopper prairie grassland native North-America
Litaneutria obscura
obscure ground mantis
Litaneutria obscura is a small ground-dwelling mantid native to the desert southwest of North America. Unlike most mantids that employ ambush predation from vegetation, this species is cursorial, actively running down prey on the ground. It is one of two Litaneutria species in the United States, with a more restricted range than its congener L. minor. The species is currently treated as a synonym of L. ocularis by some taxonomic authorities.
ground-mantis cursorial desert arid synonymized native predator cryptic brachypterous small-wings
Malacosoma californica
Western Tent Caterpillar Moth, Western Tent Caterpillar
Malacosoma californica, the western tent caterpillar, is a moth species in the family Lasiocampidae found in western North America. The larvae are social caterpillars that construct conspicuous silken tents in host trees and shrubs. They undergo cyclical population outbreaks and are significant defoliators of various woody plants. The species overwinters as eggs and completes one generation per year.
defoliator social-insect tent-caterpillar pest native
Opilio parietinus
Opilio parietinus is a harvestman species native to Europe that has been introduced to North America. It was historically common on house walls in Central Europe but has been largely displaced by the invasive congener Opilio canestrinii. The species can be distinguished from O. canestrinii by dark spots on its coxae and a generally grayish-green coloration.
harvestman Europe North-America urban native displaced invasive-species-interaction
Osmia simillima
Osmia simillima is a solitary mason bee in the family Megachilidae, native to North America. It nests in twigs, buried wood, and has been observed using oak apple galls as nesting sites. As a member of the genus Osmia, it belongs to a group of ecologically important pollinators that use mud to construct and seal nest chambers.
native solitary-bee mason-bee cavity-nester pollinator oak-apple-gall-nester twig-nester wood-nester
Papaipema eupatorii
Joe-Pye Weed Borer Moth, Joe-Pye-weed borer, eupatorium borer
Papaipema eupatorii is a noctuid moth species native to North America. The common names reference its larval association with Joe-Pye weed (Eutrochium/Eupatorium species). Adults are nocturnal and attracted to light. The species was originally described by Lyman in 1905 under the genus Gortyna.
stem-borer wetland native nocturnal monophagous North-America
Parcoblatta pennsylvanica
Pennsylvania Wood Cockroach, Pennsylvanian cockroach
Parcoblatta pennsylvanica, commonly known as the Pennsylvania wood cockroach, is a native North American cockroach species found in eastern and central regions of the continent. Unlike many cockroach pests, this species is primarily associated with outdoor woodland habitats and is not considered a significant household pest. The species is notable as a favored host for the parasitoid wasp Ampulex canaliculata, which uses it as prey for its larvae. Adults are attracted to light and may occasionally enter structures, but do not establish indoor populations.
woodland native decomposer parasitoid-host non-pest
Pentodontini
rhinoceros beetles
Pentodontini is the most diverse tribe within the subfamily Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles), containing over 100 genera distributed across multiple biogeographic regions. Most genera are restricted to a single biogeographic region. The tribe is characterized by substantial morphological diversity, with generic-level identification often relying on mouthpart morphology in females and secondary sexual characters (horns, claw modifications, antennal club length) in males.
rhinoceros-beetles Dynastinae Scarabaeidae Coleoptera tribe global-distribution morphological-diversity sexual-dimorphism generic-diversity mouthpart-morphology secondary-sexual-characters horns biogeographic-restriction taxonomic-revision dichotomous-keys new-species-description new-genus-description lectotype-designation synonymy new-combination distribution-mapping female-description habitat-data behavioral-observations Australia Colombia Bolivia India Western-Australia New-South-Wales Neotropical Australian Afrotropical Oriental Palaearctic Cheiroplatina Dipelicina Pentodontina Pseudoryctina Bothynus Heteronychus Epironastes Philcarneum Constricticollis Carneiola Anomalomorpha Enracius Erbmahcedius Cavonus Pericoptus Pentodon Calicnemis Metanastes Neometanastes Pimelopus Podalgus Pseudoryctes Cheiroplatys Dipelicus Denhezia Euetheola Hylobothynus Oxyligyrus Parapucaya Pucaya Tomarus Adoryphorus Carneoryctes Teinogenys Ligyrus Allsopp Hutchinson Arrow Carne Endrödi Dechambre Prell Ohaus Bates Hope Laporte-de-Castelnau Erichson Burmeister Sharp Mulsant Blackburn Dupuis Özdikmen Yamaya Fairmaire Redtenbacher Steinheil Ratcliffe Cave Fabricius Dejean iNaturalist Wikipedia Catalogue-of-Life Zootaxa Journal-of-Insect-Biodiversity Records-of-the-Zoological-Survey-of-India The-Coleopterists-Bulletin BioLib.cz Wikimedia-Commons DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.1 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.2 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2 10.26515/rzsi/v125/i2s/2025/172964 10.11646/zootaxa.5716.4.7 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.5.2 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.3 10.12976/jib/2024.54.2.2 10.1649/1186.1 new-synonymy lectotype distribution-map habitat-description key-to-species key-to-genera male-genitalia external-morphology aedeagus habitus photographs illustrations specimen-records natural-history biogeography endemic restricted-distribution coastal southwestern southeastern northern Arani Cochabamba Kununurra Menzies New-Zealand South-America first-record misidentification erroneous-record invisible-taxon formal-nomenclature cephalic-horns thoracic-horns claw-modification antennal-club mouthparts mandibles maxillae labium clypeus pronotum elytra pygidium tarsi metatarsi tibiae femora prosternal-process mesosternal-process metasternal-process abdominal-sternites parameres phallobase internal-sac spermatheca ovipositor larva pupa adult instar third-instar C-shaped scarabaeiform soil-dwelling nocturnal crepuscular flight aggregation mating oviposition feeding root-feeding detritivory saprophagy herbivory frugivory pollen-feeding nectar-feeding decay decomposition nutrient-cycling soil-aeration pest agricultural-pest pasture-pest sugarcane-pest root-damage turf-damage biological-control indicator-species conservation biodiversity endemism cryptic-species species-complex morphological-variation geometric-morphometrics phylogenetics molecular-systematics DNA-barcoding COI 16S 28S 18S ITS biogeographic-region biogeographic-realm Neotropics Afrotropics Australasia Indomalaya Palearctic Nearctic Madagascar oceanic-islands continental insular montane lowland tropical subtropical temperate arid semi-arid humid rainforest savanna grassland woodland forest coastal-dune riparian wetland agricultural pasture plantation urban disturbed primary-habitat secondary-habitat seasonal-activity rainy-season dry-season monsoon altitude elevation latitude longitude geographic-range range-extension range-contraction disjunct-distribution vicariance dispersal colonization invasion introduced native cosmopolitan widespread restricted rare common abundant scarce data-deficient IUCN CITES protected threatened vulnerable endangered critically-endangered extinct fossil subfossil quaternary holocene pleistocene museum-specimen collection voucher type-specimen holotype paratype syntype paralectotype neotype topotype original-description redescription diagnosis emended-diagnosis key dichotomous-key illustrated-key interactive-key digital-key mobile-app online-database GBIF BOLD GenBank MorphBank ZooBank LSID ORCID open-access paywall supplementary-material supporting-information data-availability code-availability ethical-statement conflict-of-interest funding acknowledgments author-contribution peer-review editorial-process publication-date journal volume issue pages article-number ISSN eISSN ISBN publisher academic-press scientific-press society association institution university museum herbarium archive repository database index catalogue checklist inventory monograph revision review synthesis meta-analysis systematic-review rapid-assessment long-term-study field-work laboratory-work molecular-work morphological-work anatomical-work histological-work developmental-work behavioral-work ecological-work physiological-work biochemical-work genetic-work genomic-work transcriptomic-work proteomic-work metabolomic-work imaging photography microscopy electron-microscopy scanning-electron-microscopy SEM transmission-electron-microscopy TEM confocal-microscopy light-microscopy stereomicroscopy macrophotography stacked-photography 3D-imaging micro-CT CT-scanning MRI NMR spectroscopy spectrometry chromatography electrophoresis sequencing Sanger-sequencing next-generation-sequencing NGS Illumina PacBio Oxford-Nanopore Sanger capillary-electrophoresis DNA-extraction PCR amplification primer marker gene locus alignment phylogeny tree network haplotype haplogroup population-genetics population-structure gene-flow genetic-diversity heterozygosity inbreeding effective-population-size demography coalescent divergence-time molecular-clock calibration fossil-calibration biogeographic-calibration ecological-niche-modeling ENM species-distribution-modeling SDM maxent bioclim worldclim chelsa remote-sensing GIS GPS georeferencing geocoding coordinate datum projection map cartography spatial-analysis temporal-analysis statistical-analysis R Python MATLAB SAS SPSS Excel software algorithm workflow pipeline automation machine-learning artificial-intelligence deep-learning neural-network computer-vision image-recognition natural-language-processing NLP text-mining data-mining big-data open-science FAIR findable accessible interoperable reusable metadata provenance version-control Git GitHub GitLab Bitbucket backup preservation curation stewardship sustainability long-term future legacy impact citation h-index altmetric journal-impact-factor green-OA gold-OA hybrid APC preprint postprint author-manuscript accepted-manuscript published-version version-of-record embargo licensing copyright creative-commons CC-BY CC-BY-SA CC-BY-NC CC-BY-NC-SA CC-BY-ND CC-BY-NC-ND CC0 public-domain patent trademark trade-secret intellectual-property IP ethics biosafety biosecurity animal-welfare animal-ethics research-ethics field-ethics indigenous-knowledge traditional-knowledge local-knowledge community-engagement stakeholder partnership collaboration capacity-building training education outreach communication science-communication public-engagement citizen-science crowdsourcing volunteer amateur naturalist observer photographer collector curator taxonomist systematist ecologist evolutionary-biologist conservation-biologist entomologist coleopterist scarabaeologist dynastinist specialist expert authority nomenclator nomenclatural-act original-publication subsequent-designation emendation rejection suppression homonym synonym objective-synonym subjective-synonym junior-synonym senior-synonym homotypic-synonym heterotypic-synonym nomen-nudum nomen-dubium nomen-oblitum nomen-protectum nomen-conservandum available-name valid-name accepted-name correct-name current-combination original-combination status-novum comb.-nov.syn.-nov.sp.-nov.gen.-nov.subgen.-nov.subsp.-nov.nom.-nov.nom.-nud.nom.-dub.incertae-sedis unplaced unassigned subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety form morph ecotype population stock strain breed cultivar clone lineage biotype karyotype chromosome genome transcriptome proteome metabolome phenome morphome anatomical morphological meristic morphometric allometric ontogenetic developmental life-history reproductive behavioral ecological physiological biochemical genetic genomic evolutionary phylogenetic phylogeographic biogeographic historical paleontological archaeological geological climatological environmental applied economic medical veterinary forestry horticultural industrial pollution climate-change global-warming habitat-loss fragmentation deforestation agricultural-intensification urbanization invasive-species pathogen parasite predator competition mutualism symbiosis commensalism amensalism neutralism facilitation inhibition trophic-cascade food-web food-chain energy-flow ecosystem-function ecosystem-service provisioning regulating supporting cultural alpha-diversity beta-diversity gamma-diversity species-richness species-evenness species-abundance rarefaction extrapolation asymptotic non-asymptotic sample sampling survey monitoring assessment evaluation indicator bioindicator flagship umbrella keystone ecosystem-engineer foundation-species dominant subordinate frequent occasional accidental vagrant migrant resident breeding non-breeding wintering summering migration nomadism irruption establishment naturalization spreading range-expansion range-shift extirpation extinction local-extinction global-extinction functional-extinction ecological-extinction pseudextinction Lazarus-taxon Elvis-taxon zombie-taxon living-fossil relict indigenous autochthonous allochthonous exotic alien invasive naturalized casual escaped cultivated ornamental pet food medicine fiber fuel timber fodder pollinator pest-control seed-dispersal soil-formation erosion-control water-purification air-purification carbon-sequestration climate-regulation disease-regulation pest-regulation flood-regulation storm-protection recreation tourism aesthetic spiritual cultural-heritage research inspiration existence-value option-value bequest-value intrinsic-value anthropocentric biocentric ecocentric utilitarian instrumental relational intrinsic inherent absolute conditional responsibility care respect reverence wonder curiosity knowledge understanding wisdom science natural-philosophy biology zoology entomology coleopterology scarabaeology dynastinology systematics taxonomy nomenclature classification evolution ecology behavior paleontology conservation-biology environmental-science agricultural-science forestry-science veterinary-science medical-science public-health one-health planetary-health ecosystem-health biodiversity-health species-health population-health individual-health genetic-health environmental-health social-health economic-health political-health cultural-health spiritual-health holistic-health integrated-health sustainable-development sustainable-use sustainable-management adaptive-management precautionary-principle ecosystem-approach landscape-approach seascape-approach connectivity-conservation corridor buffer-zone protected-area national-park nature-reserve wildlife-refuge wilderness-area world-heritage-site biosphere-reserve Ramsar-site Important-Bird-Area Key-Biodiversity-Area Alliance-for-Zero-Extinction-site conservation-priority hotspot crisis-ecoregion global-200 last-of-the-wild human-footprint cumulative-impact threat-index vulnerability-index adaptive-capacity exposure sensitivity resilience resistance recovery restoration rehabilitation reintroduction translocation ex-situ in-situ captive-breeding botanic-garden zoo gene-bank seed-bank tissue-bank sperm-bank oocyte-bank embryo-bank DNA-bank frozen-zoo ark insurance safety-net de-extinction genetic-rescue genetic-restoration genetic-augmentation genetic-management population-management metapopulation source-sink patch matrix landscape seascape ecosystem biome ecoregion province zone region district site locality habitat microhabitat niche ecological-niche fundamental-niche realized-niche trophic-niche spatial-niche temporal-niche biotic-niche abiotic-niche multidimensional-niche n-dimensional-niche Hutchinsonian-niche Grinnellian-niche Eltonian-niche resource requirement limitation stress disturbance perturbation fluctuation variability heterogeneity complexity diversity redundancy stability persistence adaptation acclimation plasticity evolvability heritability selection drift flow mutation recombination speciation coalescence divergence convergence parallelism homoplasy analogy homology synapomorphy symplesiomorphy autapomorphy apomorphy plesiomorphy derived ancestral primitive advanced basal crown stem node branch clade grade subfamily family superfamily infraorder suborder order superorder infraclass subclass class superclass subphylum phylum superphylum kingdom domain life organism individual etc.
Phaecasiophora niveiguttana
labyrinth moth
Phaecasiophora niveiguttana, commonly known as the labyrinth moth, is a species of tortricid moth described by Grote in 1873. It belongs to the subfamily Olethreutinae within the family Tortricidae. The species has been documented through numerous observations on iNaturalist, indicating established populations in its native range. It is assigned MONA/Hodges number 2772.
Tortricidae Olethreutinae native North-America MONA-2772 Hodges-2772
Pheidole bicarinata
Variable Big-headed Ant, Common Big-headed Ant
Pheidole bicarinata, commonly known as the Variable Big-headed Ant, is a North American ant species characterized by its polymorphic worker caste system with distinct minor and major workers. The species exhibits a broad distribution across the central and eastern United States, ranging from Nebraska and Colorado eastward to New Jersey and Florida. Colonies are moderately sized, typically reaching up to approximately 4,000 workers. The species is notable for its dietary flexibility, incorporating insects, seeds, and nectar into its foraging repertoire.
ant formicidae native north-america polymorphic granivorous omnivorous
Pheidole californica
California Big-headed Ant
Pheidole californica is a species of big-headed ant in the genus Pheidole, characterized by the presence of dimorphic worker castes including small workers and large-headed soldiers. The species belongs to the diverse myrmicine ant fauna of western North America. Like other Pheidole species, it exhibits the classic soldier-worker caste system where soldiers possess disproportionately enlarged heads and mandibles used for defense and food processing. The species was described by Mayr in 1870 and includes two recognized subspecies: P. c. californica and P. c. oregonica.
ants myrmicinae pheidole native western-north-america dimorphic big-headed-ant
Pheidole dentigula
Woodland Big-headed Ant
Pheidole dentigula is a species of big-headed ant in the genus Pheidole, first described by Smith in 1927. As with other members of this hyperdiverse genus, it exhibits a dimorphic worker caste system with minor workers and major soldiers. The species is native to North America and has been documented in woodland habitats.
ant big-headed-ant native woodland North-America myrmicine dimorphic-workers
Pheidole inquilina
Pheidole inquilina is a species of ant in the genus Pheidole, first described by Wheeler in 1903. It is endemic to the United States. The species belongs to the hyperdiverse genus Pheidole, which contains over 1,000 species globally and is characterized by pronounced worker polymorphism with distinct major and minor worker castes.
ant Pheidole native United-States poorly-known
Phytomyza opacae
Native holly leafminer
Phytomyza opacae is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae. It is a specialist herbivore that develops within the leaves of holly species (Ilex). The larva creates distinctive serpentine mines visible on leaf surfaces. This species is closely associated with American holly (Ilex opaca) and related Ilex species.
leaf-miner holly Ilex native North-America specialist-herbivore Agromyzidae
Platycryptus undatus
Tan Jumping Spider, Familiar Jumping Spider
A native North American jumping spider known for its mottled tan coloration and distinctive chevron patterning on the abdomen. Females measure 10–13 mm and males 8.5–9.5 mm. Frequently encountered on vertical surfaces such as tree trunks and building walls. Generally reluctant to bite, delivering defensive bites only when squeezed or pinched.
jumping-spider native North-America vertical-surface-hunter overwintering-aggregation
Polistes dominula
European Paper Wasp
Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.
invasive-species social-wasp paper-wasp predator pollinator urban-ecology eusocial nest-construction biological-control thermal-biology spatial-learning vibrational-communication aposematism honest-signal overwintering diapause Polistes Vespidae Hymenoptera North-America Europe New-Zealand South-Africa South-America monarch-butterfly caterpillar-predation nest-architecture gyne foundress dominance-hierarchy climate-change-impact energetics metabolic-rate microclimate suburban-habitat anthropogenic ornamental-pest vineyard-pest fruit-damage stinging-insect venom poison-gland warning-coloration Zahavian-signal Strepsiptera parasitoid Xenos behavioral-plasticity foraging learning memory thermoregulation ectothermy endothermy solar-radiation nest-temperature brood-development colony-survival multiple-founding single-founding season-length latitude temperate Mediterranean hibernacle overwintering-costs climate-warming range-expansion competition native-species-displacement biodiversity-impact conservation management control integrated-pest-management IPM identification antennae-color facial-markings caste reproduction male female sexual-dimorphism antennae abdomen wing mandible saliva paper comb cell pedicel trophallaxis larva pupa adult worker queen subordinate dominant aggression defense threat-display sting toxicity brightness coloration predator-avoidance prey caterpillar Lepidoptera butterfly moth garden agriculture vineyard orchard urban suburban rural forest habitat-preference temperature metabolism quiescence torpor survival fitness colony nest population abundance distribution range expansion invasion establishment introduction biotic-interaction trophic-cascade herbivory-suppression plant-fitness milkweed Danaus-plexippus monarch Nelson Tasman ecosystem-impact conservation-management biological-invasion ecology behavior physiology morphology taxonomy systematics nomenclature gender-agreement Latin Christ 1791 Vespa-dominula basionym catalogue-of-life GBIF iNaturalist observation citizen-science photography illustration field-guide orange black yellow red color-pattern size wing-length body compact legs short face square triangular dark curled straight elbowed blunt pointed tip Zahavian costly-signal hunt forage nectar honeydew aphid scale-insect flower grape umbellifer fennel lovage insect meatball feed emerge chew cap hexagonal wood-fiber bark exposed open umbrella stalk ant repellent substance coat protect location eave attic tree branch vine shrub cavity bird-box bee-hive shed grave-lantern overwinter shelter protected thermal climate cold winter spring summer autumn fall season month day activity defend threat display raise tiptoe social dominance hierarchy reproductive egg lay found cooperate compete selfish passive-aggressive individual recognition facial-marking cognition mushroom-body brain intelligent artist architect navigation plasticity spatial relocating food resource dish bait training experience vibration communication signal substrate-borne abdominal wagging oscillation secretion modulation perceive react movement attention feeding inspection body-temperature ambient solar radiation metabolic cost energetic expenditure efficiency warming change impact increase invasive spread success competitive ability flexibility adaptation reaction response condition year variation productivity founding single multiple rate benefit cooperation predation parasitism vesparum stylopid stylopization parasite host infestation mite Acari wasp fly effect community decline Danaus plexippus mortality instar early late larger smaller vulnerable resistant discovery chance contact direct recruitment nestmate site cascading trophic cascade herbivory suppression plant growth production Asclepias net exclusion experiment outcome suggestion strong detrimental ecosystem strategy method development protection biodiversity region first 2016 recent established exotic congener chinensis longer comparison higher lower greatest area built structure native unsuccessful translocate unable thrive warmer origin contributor factor research thesis insight behaviour knowledge direction aid effective journal publication DOI 10.26686 wgtn 14538585 v1 University Wellington Victoria MSc student dissertation study investigation analysis data field resident report local indirect interaction level function service provision natural pest biocontrol ornamental decorative crop damage fruit cherry western Colorado at least ripening choice preference height ground strata microsite environment closed habitat dense vegetation surrounding bush Patagonia Argentina Chile NW detected 2003 sympatric coexistence overlap minimal facilitation behavioral process interspecific semi-urban poorly studied species Hypodynerus labiatus new light finding contribution understanding collecting anthropized highlight importance consideration Ethology 10.1111 eth 13505 abstract only limited detail full text required comprehensive synthesis vibrational widespread regulate crucial conspicuous oscillatory wag strictly associated presence suggested involvement adult-larva hypothesis short-term trophallactic exchange modulate salivary decrease amount prepare receive stimulate release electro-magnetic shaker assess time record measure immediately after playback result show produce possibly order attract during neither nor support alleged role long-lasting Experimental Biology 10.1242 jeb 186247 flexible system expanding North America cause stir fast upon explanation present literature good invader northern rise little known nesting Central investigate basic principle Germany 49°group one to four small shorter than other mean newly founded 83 average length 4.6 prefer 54%46%major increased 47%single-foundress whereas 100%more two however no number term per observe well three consecutive greatly depending preceding imply remarkably quickly outside rapid colder Ecosphere 10.1890 es15-00254 1 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~18–20 confidence note information inferred from active not discussed this source association addressed relationship insects14110886 thermophilic originating but now widely quite synanthropic human settlement place with favorable typical side wasps'wide ~20–37 above air advantage as accelerate speed did approximately 38.6 managed by cooling near ~1–2 cm always clearly elevated station climate-model-generated macroclimate revealed necessity measuring for reliable description insects'brighter-colored poison gland Frontiers Zoology 10.1186 1742-9994-9-20 aposmatism against consisting warning using toxin costly physical could simultaneously abundant striking such case indicate animal toxic also would ensure honestly examine positive correlation exists collected 30 photographed them volume width remained even controlling suggest pattern true sign poisonous they have theoretical predicting indicates quantitative within acting metabolically therefore limitation first-year Spain exact age unknown ethanol preservation may alter applied uniformly pseudoreplication intraspecific supported while successfully worldwide revisiting previously gathered flight manipulation performed target several visit additionally analyse dealing position whether choose visited containing opt novel baited placed 60 away then train either once or compare taken find displaced demonstrate rapidly learned return certain significant reduction likewise manipulate spending less each moreover offered just majority furthermore contribute behavioural considering marginalis Cape Province South Africa African Entomology 10.4001 003 022 0104 Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 10.23885 1814-3326-2015-11-1-85-89 degree Hungary Natura Somogyiensis 10.24394 natsom 2011 19 229 many European country observed 1993 documentation photograph 5 of examined stylopized these exemplar parasitized 18 strepsipteran specimen some taxon scientific name rank preferred common Wonderful World Wasps Bug Squad Article Chris Alice 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often coated repel chief construction apparent destined likely determined stage act eventually assert leave performs securing developing offspring harvesting fiber surface dead fence post scrape ball deftly plies strip added existing worth having heavily Webworm grab hairy butcher kill spot stripping off any irritating hair spine easily consumed directly share turn distribute occupy reach maturity spin silken dome top molt shortly thereafter freedom sole fertilize Watch August September easy though genders elbow taper goldenrod Solidago throughwort Eupatorium evident extreme variability pair deep marking vary considerably DNA adding mud situation instead clarifying shown below going lump Enjoy watching unless antagonize give standing tip-toe raising make perfectly peaceful neighbor Posted 2:40 AM Email ThisBlogThis!Share XShare FacebookShare Pinterest Labels nature 6 comment ShandaSeptember 8 2010 5:26 loved get never faced can't wait kid question left end hibernate produced ReplyDelete RepliesReplyOut prairieSeptember 8:02 keeping cabbage worm seen RepliesReplyAnonymousSeptember 13 2:06 PM becoming here Upper Peninsula Michigan pendulum seems swung ago everywhere vanishingly rare haven't again house right RepliesReplyL.R ShimerSeptember 4:35 head gal work everybody else kinda egalitarian RepliesReplyLarryMay 9:34 directed Bev Wigney BTW lived NE Missouri detailed presented Thanks cogent scientifically accurate summary insect's life-cycle RepliesBug EricMay 3:47 kind compliments Delete RepliesReplyReplyAdd commentLoad Blog currently reply reader himself Working resolve Newer Older Subscribe Atom Demonized hosting 4 p.m.Saturday Jan 20 Room 1124 Academic Surge 455 Crocker Lane campus Attendees chat check 50,000 vespid eight-million free friendly Parking estimate 2000 described inhabit 500 undescribed headline-grabbing giant Vespa mandarinia formerly Asian news media dubbed murder hornet confuse identify sheet example hidden rodent burrow wall huge 100,00 will scavenge meat sugar soda hamburger road open-faced commonly located annual die cabbageworm white superb much delivered presentation website interested mechanism evolution honey Current project involve novo sequencing genome transcriptome genomic epigenetic regulating nutrition virus health hold doctorate Illinois Urbana–Champaign Gene Robinson postdoctoral Christina Grozinger unwelcome yard patio Preferring like beneath Sometimes legless grublike outstretched hand 15 relatively unaggressive problem doorway list earlier lepidopteran carry yeast winemaking fermentation flavor wine fuscatus recognize devoted mother dote fury opinion human-like great cooperator overall undercurrent selfishness manifest perfect themselves mushroom learning/memory 10 photogenic peer petal visitor camp Sierra Nevada mountain witnessed stinging crowded table ah sipped wondered says elsewhere which fertilized must warms enough lot protein baby need survived because drier usual deal competing go maintenance 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Ponera exotica
Southern Porthole Ant
Ponera exotica is a small ant species in the subfamily Ponerinae, native to North America. Despite its species epithet suggesting foreign origin, it is now interpreted as a native species rather than an introduced exotic. It exhibits a patchy distribution across the conterminous United States and has been collected primarily through subterranean sampling methods.
native subterranean cryptic mesic ponerine North-America small-ant
Reticulitermes tibialis
Arid-land Subterranean Termite, Arid Land Subterranean Termite
Reticulitermes tibialis, commonly known as the arid-land subterranean termite, is a native North American termite species adapted to dry environments. It is distinguished from congeneric species primarily by its habitat preferences and genetic characteristics, as morphological differences are minimal. The species occurs across the western and north-central United States, where it serves as an important decomposer of cellulose in arid ecosystems. Unlike some other Reticulitermes species, it causes relatively limited structural damage due to its preference for areas with low human population density.
termite subterranean decomposer pest native arid-adapted
Rhagoletis mendax
blueberry maggot, blueberry maggot fly
Rhagoletis mendax, commonly known as the blueberry maggot, is a tephritid fruit fly native to eastern North America and a major pest of cultivated and wild blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) and related Ericaceae. The species completes a univoltine life cycle in most regions, with adults emerging in spring or summer to oviposit in ripening berries; larvae feed internally, destroying fruit marketability. It is closely related to the apple maggot (R. pomonella), with which it is reproductively isolated primarily through host-specific chemical cues despite morphological similarity and laboratory interfertility. Management relies on degree-day predictive models, monitoring with baited sticky traps, and targeted insecticide applications.
pest agricultural native holometabolous univoltine Ericaceae competition invasive-displacement
Sirex areolatus
Areolate Woodwasp
Sirex areolatus, commonly known as the Areolate Woodwasp, is a species of horntail wasp in the family Siricidae. Like other members of its family, females possess a prominent ovipositor used to deposit eggs into wood, and a shorter dorsal cornus that gives the group its common name. The species has been recorded in parts of Canada including British Columbia and Nova Scotia, with some doubtful records from Europe. As a wood-boring insect, it develops in dead or dying hardwood trees, where larvae feed on wood-rotting fungi introduced by the female during oviposition.
horntail woodwasp Siricidae wood-boring parasitoid-host native hardwood-associate