Pheidole bicarinata
Mayr, 1870
Variable Big-headed Ant, Common Big-headed Ant
Pheidole bicarinata, commonly known as the Variable Big-headed , is a North ant characterized by its polymorphic system with distinct minor and major workers. The species exhibits a broad distribution across the central and eastern United States, ranging from Nebraska and Colorado eastward to New Jersey and Florida. Colonies are moderately sized, typically reaching up to approximately 4,000 workers. The species is notable for its dietary flexibility, incorporating , seeds, and nectar into its foraging repertoire.



Pronunciation
How to pronounce Pheidole bicarinata: /faɪˈdoʊliː ˌbaɪkɛrɪˈneɪtə/
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
Identification
Pheidole bicarinata can be distinguished from other Pheidole by its distribution range and morphological characteristics typical of the , including the presence of major with enlarged used for defense and food processing. The species name 'bicarinata' refers to the two-keeled or bicarinate condition of certain body structures. As with other members of the genus, accurate species-level identification requires examination of specific morphological features and is best confirmed by .
Images
Habitat
Found in a wide range of across its distribution, from grasslands to forested areas. The demonstrates ecological flexibility in habitat selection.
Distribution
to the United States. Distributed from Nebraska, Colorado, Texas, Utah, and Nevada eastward to New Jersey and Florida.
Diet
Pheidole bicarinata consumes , collects seeds, and feeds on nectar from . Documented seed consumption includes Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass), Taraxacum officinale (dandelion), and Oenothera biennis (evening primrose).
Life Cycle
Colonies grow rapidly in suitable conditions. The has four larval . Colony size typically reaches up to 4,000 , rarely exceeding this number.
Similar Taxa
- Pheidole megacephalaBoth are big-headed with polymorphic , but P. megacephala is a globally distributed with much larger production and more aggressive colony expansion, whereas P. bicarinata is to North America with more moderate colony sizes.
Sources and further reading
- BugGuide
- Wikipedia
- GBIF taxonomy match
- iNaturalist taxon
- NCBI Taxonomy
- Catalogue of Life
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