Adelgid
Guides
Adelges abietis
Pineapple-gall Adelgid, Eastern Spruce Gall Adelgid, Spruce Gall Aphid
Adelges abietis, commonly known as the pineapple-gall adelgid or eastern spruce gall adelgid, is a conifer-feeding insect that induces distinctive pineapple-shaped pseudocone galls on spruce shoots. The species is one of the most common adelgids in its genus and has been documented across Europe and North America. Unlike the closely related hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), A. abietis is not considered a major destructive pest, though its gall formation causes shoot deformation. The species exhibits strongly aggregated spatial distributions within and among host trees.
Adelges cooleyi
Cooley spruce gall adelgid, Douglas fir adelgid, gall adelgid
Adelges cooleyi is a gall-forming adelgid native to western North America, specifically the Rocky Mountains and Cascade Mountains. It is a host-alternating species with a complex life cycle involving two primary hosts: spruce (Picea) species as primary hosts and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) as the secondary host. On spruce, the adelgid induces the formation of distinctive pineapple-shaped galls at branch terminals. On Douglas fir, it produces white, cottony wax masses containing eggs but causes less conspicuous injury. The species has two generations per year and exhibits morphological dimorphism: progredientes migrate to current-year needles while sistentes settle on older needles.
Adelges laricis
Larch Woolly Aphid
Adelges laricis is a holocyclic adelgid with a complex life cycle involving two host genera: Picea (spruce) as primary host where galls form, and Larix (larch) as secondary host. The species exhibits extensive morphological polymorphism across five generations (Fundatrix, Migrans alata, Hiemosistens, Sexupara, Sexualis). First-instar nymphs are the only mobile stage; subsequent instars remain sessile with stylets permanently inserted. The species is a significant forest pest causing reduced tree vigor, needle damage, and mortality under chronic infestation.
Leptoglossus
leaf-footed bugs
Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.
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pinifoliae
Pine Leaf Adelgid, Pine Leaf Aphid, Pine Leaf Chermid
Pineus pinifoliae is a small, phloem-feeding insect in the family Adelgidae, commonly known as the pine leaf adelgid or pine leaf aphid. It has a complex life cycle involving alternation between spruce (Picea) as the primary host, where it forms galls on new shoots, and white pine (Pinus strobus) as the secondary host. The species produces multiple generations annually, with distinct morphological forms including winged migrants that transfer between hosts. Heavy infestations on white pine cause characteristic damage patterns including needle stunting, reduced radial growth, and branch mortality concentrated in the lower and mid-crown.
Pineus similis
Ragged Spruce Gall Adelgid
Pineus similis is a gall-forming adelgid that induces galls on spruce trees (Picea spp.). Originally described as Chermes similis by Gillette in 1907 from blue spruce in Colorado, it was later transferred to genus Pineus by Annand. The species produces winged females that emerge from galls and settle on spruce hosts, with documented preference for white spruce. Wingless females bearing egg clusters occur within galls. It has been recorded on multiple spruce species across North America and has doubtful or rare records in Europe.
Pineus strobi
Pine Bark Adelgid, White Pine Bark Aphid
Pineus strobi is a small, sap-sucking insect in the family Adelgidae, commonly known as the pine bark adelgid or white pine bark aphid. It is a specialist feeder on white pine (Pinus strobus) and related pine species, forming dense colonies on bark and branches. The species has been introduced to regions outside its native range, including central European Russia and the Fergana Valley, where it is considered invasive. Like other adelgids, it possesses complex associations with bacterial endosymbionts that aid in nutritional processing.