Commercial-fishery
Guides
Anomura
anomurans, hermit crabs, king crabs, porcelain crabs, squat lobsters, mole crabs, blanket-hermit crabs
Anomura is an infraorder of decapod crustaceans distinguished by their 'differently-tailed' body plan, including hermit crabs, king crabs, porcelain crabs, squat lobsters, and mole crabs. Multiple lineages within this group have independently evolved crab-like body forms through carcinisation. Anomura is the sister group to Brachyura (true crabs), together forming the clade Meiura. Members possess ten pereiopods, but the last pair is reduced and often concealed within the gill chamber, leaving only eight visible walking legs—a key diagnostic feature separating them from true crabs.
Astacidae
Astacid Crayfishes, Freshwater Crayfish
Astacidae is a family of freshwater crayfish comprising four extant genera: Astacus, Austropotamobius, Pontastacus, and Pacifastacus. Members are native to Europe, western Asia, and western North America. The family is distinguished by a gonopore positioned on the coxa of the third pair of walking legs in males (fifth pair in females), a trait shared with all Astacoidea. Several species, particularly Pacifastacus leniusculus (signal crayfish), have become invasive outside their native ranges, carrying crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci) that threatens native European populations.
Bathynomus
Giant Isopods, Supergiant Isopods, Sea Bugs (Vietnamese: bọ biển)
Bathynomus is a genus of supergiant deep-sea isopods in the family Cirolanidae, containing nearly 20 described species. These crustaceans are among the largest isopods in the world, with some species exceeding 30 cm in length and 1 kg in weight. They inhabit cold, deep waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, typically at depths of 400–2,300 m. Several species have become commercially fished as seafood, particularly in Vietnam, where they are known as "bọ biển" or "sea bugs."
Cancer borealis
Jonah crab
Cancer borealis, commonly known as the Jonah crab, is a marine brachyuran crab native to the western Atlantic Ocean. It inhabits waters from Newfoundland to Florida, primarily in rocky marine environments. The species possesses a rounded, rough-edged carapace with small light spots and robust claws with dark brown-black tips. Males reach larger sizes than females, with maximum carapace widths of 222 mm versus approximately 150 mm. The Jonah crab has been extensively studied as a model organism for neurophysiology, particularly for its stomatogastric nervous system, which has contributed to understanding neural circuit function and neuromuscular control.
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irroratus
Atlantic rock crab, peekytoe crab
A medium-sized marine crab native to the western North Atlantic, ranging from Iceland to South Carolina. Adults reach 133 mm carapace width and can live up to 8 years. The species occupies depths from intertidal zones to 790 m. It has become commercially significant as the 'peekytoe crab' and has established non-native populations in Iceland via ballast water transport.
Cancer productus
Red Rock Crab, Pearl of the Pacific Northwest
A large, commercially harvested crab native to the eastern Pacific coast of North America. Adults display distinctive brick-red coloration with large pincers bearing black tips. The species inhabits intertidal to subtidal waters and is an opportunistic carnivore, feeding on barnacles, small crabs, and fish. It is subject to sport and commercial fisheries, particularly in California and Washington.
Crangon
Crangon is a genus of marine shrimp in the family Crangonidae, comprising approximately 20 extant species distributed exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere. The genus exhibits a strong Pacific Ocean bias, with most species occurring in the northern Pacific, suggesting a Pacific origin. The brown shrimp Crangon crangon is the most commercially important and best-studied species, supporting significant fisheries in European waters. Several species display notable biological traits including intensive cannibalism behavior and broad environmental tolerances.
Homarus americanus
American lobster, Atlantic lobster, Canadian lobster, true lobster, northern lobster, Canadian Reds, Maine lobster
Homarus americanus is a large marine crustacean found on the Atlantic coast of North America. It is the heaviest crustacean in the world, capable of exceeding 20 kg and 64 cm body length. The species is commercially important, supporting major fisheries from Labrador to New Jersey. It inhabits benthic environments from shallow coastal waters to depths exceeding 700 meters.
Metacarcinus magister
Dungeness Crab
Metacarcinus magister, commonly known as the Dungeness crab, is a commercially important species of crab native to the west coast of North America. Adults typically reach 20 cm across the carapace and inhabit eelgrass beds and marine bottoms from Alaska to California. The species has a complex life cycle with planktonic larval stages (zoeae and megalopae) before settlement to benthic juvenile stages. It is highly valued as seafood and supports major commercial fisheries, particularly in Washington, Oregon, and California. Research indicates significant population and maternal variation in sensitivity to environmental stressors including ocean acidification and hypoxia.
Nephropidae
True Lobsters
Nephropidae is a family of large marine decapod crustaceans commonly known as true lobsters. Members possess a robust, elongated body with a well-developed carapace, large asymmetrical claws (chelipeds), and a muscular abdomen ending in a broad tail fan. The family includes commercially important species such as the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) and the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus). Nephropidae is distinguished from other lobster-like crustaceans by specific morphological and reproductive characteristics.
Ovalipes
paddle crab, lady crab, three-spot swimming crab
Ovalipes is a genus of swimming crabs in the family Ovalipidae, established by Mary J. Rathbun in 1898. The genus comprises approximately 12 extant species distributed across marine coastal waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Several species hold commercial importance, particularly O. punctatus in East Asian fisheries and O. catharus in New Zealand. Members exhibit characteristic portunid adaptations for swimming, including flattened, paddle-shaped fifth pereiopods.
Palaemon elegans
rockpool shrimp, rockpool prawn
Palaemon elegans is a small caridean shrimp native to northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal waters. It has expanded its range through human-mediated transport and changing environmental conditions, becoming established in the Baltic Sea, Caspian Sea, and Aral Sea. The species is ecologically similar to several congeners, particularly Palaemon adspersus, with which it competes and has displaced in some regions. Its tolerance of variable salinity has facilitated colonization of brackish environments.
Pandalus platyceros
spot prawn, spot shrimp, California spot prawn, Alaskan prawn, BC spot prawn, Botan Ebi
Pandalus platyceros is a commercially important cold-water shrimp native to the North Pacific. It reaches up to 27 cm in length and exhibits protandric hermaphroditism, maturing first as males before transitioning to females. The species supports significant fisheries in British Columbia and Alaska, with a short harvest season typically occurring May through June. Spot prawns are marketed globally for their sweet flavor and firm texture, particularly in Japan where they are sold as 'Botan Ebi'.
Paralithodes
king crab
Paralithodes is a genus of large king crabs (family Lithodidae) native to cold waters of the North Pacific Ocean, including the Bering Sea, Okhotsk Sea, and Sea of Japan. The genus contains commercially important species, particularly the red king crab (P. camtschaticus). These crabs undergo a biphasic life cycle with distinct larval stages (zoeae, glaucothoe) before reaching the juvenile phase. Molecular studies indicate that early larval stages lack adaptations to elevated temperature and hypoxia, requiring stable environmental conditions for survival.