Harvard-medical-school
Guides
Cancer borealis
Jonah crab
Cancer borealis, commonly known as the Jonah crab, is a marine brachyuran crab native to the western Atlantic Ocean. It inhabits waters from Newfoundland to Florida, primarily in rocky marine environments. The species possesses a rounded, rough-edged carapace with small light spots and robust claws with dark brown-black tips. Males reach larger sizes than females, with maximum carapace widths of 222 mm versus approximately 150 mm. The Jonah crab has been extensively studied as a model organism for neurophysiology, particularly for its stomatogastric nervous system, which has contributed to understanding neural circuit function and neuromuscular control.
model-organismneurophysiologystomatogastric-ganglioncommercial-fisheryrocky-intertidalAtlantic-Oceandecapodcrustaceanion-channel-researchtemperature-adaptationpH-adaptationneural-circuitneuromuscularcompetitionfisheriesmarine-biologycell-identitytranscriptomicspotassium-channelsK2P-channelsmuscle-physiologystomatogastric-nervous-systembiogenic-amine-receptorsGABA-receptorsglutamate-receptorsacetylcholine-receptorsgap-junctionsinnexinsWnt-signalingobesity-researchcolon-cancer-researchsoluble-epoxide-hydrolasesEH-inhibitoromega-3-fatty-acidsDHA-metabolitesEDPsanti-angiogenictumor-growthmetastasispain-researchinflammatory-diseasediabetic-neuropathycancer-therapychemotherapy-side-effectsdebris-stimulated-metastasiscytokine-stormmacrophageinflammation-resolutioneicosanoid-pathwayprostaglandin-receptorEP4-antagonistclinical-trialsEicOsisacademic-industry-collaborationtranslational-researchfundamental-scienceinsect-metamorphosiscaterpillarbutterflygreen-insecticideblood-pressurefibrosisimmunitytissue-growthchronic-painnon-opiate-analgesiccompanion-animalhuman-healthdistinguished-professorNational-Academy-of-SciencesNational-Academy-of-InventorsUC-DavisSuperfund-ProgramNIHNIEHSRIVER-programbiotechnology-trainingpeer-reviewed-publicationslipidomicsfatty-acid-diolshigh-fat-dietknockout-mousepharmacological-inhibitionmolecular-analysessignaling-pathwaymechanistic-studiesUSDANational-Natural-Science-Foundation-of-Chinamass-spectrometrycompound-developmentPTUPBCOX-2-inhibitordual-inhibitorsurge-protectortumor-recurrencetreatment-resistanceovarian-cancerbreast-cancerpancreatic-cancerliver-cancercolon-cancerobesity-enhanced-cancerangiogenesismetastasis-preventiontumor-microenvironmentpositive-feedback-cycledormancy-escapesurgical-tumor-resectionperi-chemotherapeutic-managementdebris-clearancemacrophage-derived-stormpro-inflammatory-mediatorspro-angiogenic-mediatorslipid-autacoidcytokine-mediatorsresolution-mediatorsEETsnatural-pro-resolving-mediatorsholistic-modulationupstream-regulationdownstream-effectsnovel-therapeuticdrug-candidatePhase-I-clinical-trialPhase-II-clinical-trialhome-carecancer-centercomprehensive-cancer-centertransdisciplinary-researchsector-researchassistance-networkshared-protocolsorganizational-innovationpatient-centered-caremultidimensionalitypsychological-sufferingphysical-sufferingquality-of-lifetreatment-adherenceKarnofsky-performance-scorecomplete-blood-countblood-biochemistryblood-urea-nitrogenactivities-of-daily-livingindependenceprobioticsmulti-strain-probioticschemotherapy-related-side-effectsfatiguenauseaweaknessproneness-to-infectionsemerging-alternative-supplementspilot-trialopen-access-journalsedation-led-chemotherapyS.L.E.E.P.sleep-during-treatmentnight-administrationbed-allocationspecialized-nursinghome-visitseconomic-investmentfunding-prioritycardiovascular-diseasehealthcare-systemresearch-collaborationexcellence-centersscientific-contributionorganizational-ideascolleague-oncologistsfight-against-cancercurse-metaphorSleeping-Beauty-metaphorspinning-wheel-metaphorevil-witch-metaphorfairy-godmothers-metaphorpatient-narrativedoctor-patient-relationshipempathycare-extensionhospital-adaptationlife-derailmentdisease-integrationeveryday-lifenormalizationtolerance-improvementovercoming-chancespractical-limitationsresearch-ideaResearch-Ideas-and-OutcomesRIO-Journalfeature-storygraduate-studentUC-BerkeleySarjeet-GillUC-Riverside50-years-research900-peer-reviewed-papers17,000-peer-reviewed-papersenzyme-importance-recognitionmammalian-biologyregulatory-moleculesdegradation-controlbiosynthesis-controlepoxy-fatty-acid-chemical-mediatorsblood-pressure-controlfibrosis-controlimmunity-controltissue-growth-controlpain-controlinflammation-controlnon-addictive-drugorally-activeseed-fund-grantsNIH/NINDS-Blueprint-Development-Granthuman-clinical-trials2019-scheduleWilliam-Schmidtvice-president-clinical-developmentlarge-NIH-grantdiabetic-neuropathic-painJun-Yan-Liuhuman-sample-collectionWeicang-WangJianan-ZhangJun-YangJia-SunSung-Hee-HwangDebin-WanYuxin-WangWiepeng-QiHaixia-YangYeonhwa-ParkKatherine-SanidadDaeyoung-KimZhang-labUniversity-of-Massachusettsassistant-professor-food-sciencecolonic-inflammation-preventioninflammatory-bowel-disease-preventioncolon-cancer-prevention30-percent-Americans-obese30-60-percent-higher-colon-cancer-riskthird-most-common-cancersecond-leading-cause-cancer-deathmechanisms-not-well-understoodfew-effective-strategiessEH-over-expression-obese-micepharmacological-inhibition-abolishes-obesity-induced-inflammationgenetic-deletion-abolishes-obesity-induced-inflammationactivation-pro-tumorigenic-pathwaysessential-enzymenovel-agentsWnt-pathway90-percent-sporadic-colorectal-cancersactivating-mutationsobesity-increases-Wnt-activationabolished-by-inhibitors-and-knockoutblocked-obesity-induced-colon-inflammationmeticulous-jobbiologically-active-fatsblocking-diol-production-blocks-inflammationlipidomics-techniqueconsistent-resultssignaling-pathway-mechanistic-studiespotential-treatmenthuman-clinical-trials-this-yearUSDA-National-Institute-Food-AgricultureNIH-NIEHSNIEHS-Superfund-Research-ProgramNational-Natural-Science-Foundation-ChinaZuodong-Zhangpostdoctoral-researcher16-scientistsdietary-omega-3-fatty-acidsfish-oilstumor-growth-reductioncancer-spread-reduction580,000-Americans-die-annuallycytochrome-P450-epoxygenase-metabolitesDHAepoxy-docosapentaenoic-acidsblood-supply-blockadetumor-inhibitionmetastasis-inhibitionnatural-EDP-stabilizationsoluble-epoxide-hydrolase-inhibitorpain-control-developmenthypertension-control-developmenthuman-studies-cancer-risk-reductionmechanism-poorly-understoodnovel-mechanism-provisionpotent-anti-cancer-effectspotent-anti-metastatic-effectscurrent-anti-cancer-drugsangiogenesis-blockadehypertension-side-effectsnew-mechanism-angiogenesis-blockadeblood-vessel-wideningreduced-side-effectsmice-studiessorafenib-combinationefficacy-improvementside-effect-reductionfood-science-doctorateUniversity-of-Wisconsin-MadisonLisa-MahakianKatherine-FerraraXiaowen-Hupromise-demonstrationepoxides-DHA-strongly-anti-angiogenicepoxides-ARA-mildly-angiogenictumor-encouragementwound-healing-encouragementopposite-effects-background-lipidshumans-as-mice-assumptionhigh-omega-3-low-omega-6-backgroundsorafenib-regorafenib-potentiationCharles-SerhanHarvard-Medical-Schoolomega-3-autacoid-expertSimon-Gelman-ProfessorAnesthesia-Perioperative-Pain-Medicinefull-appreciation-stepbioactive-products-DHA-metabolomemetabolic-conversion-pivotalvascular-mechanismscancer-biologyvascular-biologytranslation-to-humansevidence-based-treatmentsJonathan-LindnerOregon-Health-Science-Universitycardiologistnew-drug-strategiesnutrition-knowledgediet-influence-susceptibilitytumor-progression-ratechemotherapy-responsereasonable-recommendationspathway-uncoveringtumor-development-influencetumor-growth-influencebeneficial-pathwayspreviously-unrecognized-anti-cancer-effectimportant-lipid-componentheart-disease-prevention-dietcancer-prevention-dietnew-blood-vessel-growth-suppressiontumor-blood-supply-shutdowndramatic-tumor-growth-slowingUC-Davis-Department-Entomology-websiteco-author-photosJianjun-DengHarvard-Medical-School-lead-author16-member-international-teamDipak-Panigrahy-laboratoriesBruce-Hammock-laboratoryinflammatory-response-controlchemotherapy-treatmentspancreatic-cancer-patientsliver-cancer-patientsdecades-old-drug-candidatebody's-raging-inflammatory-responsedeadly-inflammatory-responseProceedings-National-Academy-SciencesPNAS-publicationrodent-modelstwo-drug-combinationinflammation-reductiondebris-from-dying-tumor-cellsmetastasis-triggercancer-spreadsEH-enzyme-inhibitionEP4-prostaglandin-receptor-blockingeicosanoid-pathway-blockingcompound-synergypancreas-cancer-metastasis-preventionliver-cancer-metastasis-preventiondebris-clearance-stimulationINV-1120highly-potent-selective-EP4-antagonistPhase-I-clinical-trial-Texasmonotherapy-effectstrong-synergy-anti-PD-1sEH-candidate-synergygemcitabine-synergypreclinical-animal-modelsYongkui-SunIonova-Life-Science-chairmanbiotechnology-company-Chinabasic-biomedical-research-translationnovel-therapeuticsHammock-lab-co-lead-authorNational-Academy-EngineeringMerck-research-and-development-teamfruitful-academic-industry-collaborationexcessive-inflammationlipid-stormhuman-body-reactionpancreatic-cancer-therapydebris-increase-sEH-EP4-proteinspro-inflammatory-lipid-autacoidpro-angiogenic-lipid-autacoidinflammatory-response-control-importanceupstream-cytokine-modulationdownstream-cytokine-blockingholistic-eicosanoid-modulationinsidious-cancer-characteristicsdying-cells-immune-system-trainingtumor-microenvironment-favorabilitytherapy-combattingeffectiveness-renderingdouble-edged-sword-cancer-therapyinflammatory-immunosuppressive-injury-responsedormancy-escape-promotiontumor-recurrence-promotionVictoria-HaakUniversity-Buffalo-first-year-medical-studentChina-Agricultural-University-researchercompound-synthesisnovel-simple-effective-approachinflammation-turning-downcytokine-storm-preventiontumor-resection-consequencenatural-pro-resolving-mediator-concentration-increasebiological-system-actionpro-resolution-mediator-productioninflammation-modulationactive-resolution-processEicOsis-Human-Health-LLCUC-Davis-based-companyinhibitor-human-clinical-trialsTexas-trialsupstream-actioneicosanoid-down-regulationcytokine-storm-down-regulationpatient-help-optimismtremendous-clinic-translation-potentialPanigrahy-quote60,430-pancreatic-cancer-diagnoses-annually31,950-male28,480-female48,220-pancreatic-cancer-deaths-annually25,270-male22,950-female42,230-liver-cancer-diagnoses-annually29,890-male12,340-female30,230-liver-cancer-deaths-annually20,300-male9,930-femaleAmerican-Cancer-Society-statisticsliver-cancer-incidence-tripling-since-1980liver-cancer-death-rate-doublingchemotherapy-cancer-risk-elucidationmetastasis-prevention-promiserecurrence-prevention-promisesurgical-tumor-resection-followingpre-operative-inflammation-managementperi-chemotherapeutic-inflammation-managementcancer-recurrence-staving-offsignificant-translational-science-realizationfundamental-science-importancecaterpillar-butterfly-question-originNIH-major-fundingNIEHS-Superfund-Research-Program-grantNIH-RIVER-Program-grantNational-Institute-Environmental-Health-SciencesRevolutionary-Innovative-Visionary-Environmental-Health-ResearchPanigrahy-three-grantsCredit-Unions-Kids-at-HeartJoe-Andruzzi-FoundationC.J.-Buckley-Pediatric-Brain-Tumor-Fundresearch-article-screenshotDipak-Panigrahy-Bruce-Hammock-conference-photoBitly-linkAllison-GartungHarvard-Medical-School-BIDMC-lead-author13-member-teamInstitute-Systems-Biology-SeattleEmory-University-School-Medicine-Atlantamice-models-testingnovel-approach-descriptiontherapy-induced-tumor-growth-suppressiontherapy-induced-recurrence-suppressiontherapy-generated-debris-tumor-promoting-activity-neutralizationcritical-preventiondebris-mediated-inflammatory-response-protectionovarian-cancer-cells-chemotherapy-killedmacrophage-cytokine-surge-inductionlipid-mediator-surge-inductionoptimal-tumor-survival-environment-creationoptimal-tumor-growth-environment-creationjoint-appointment-confirmationtragic-treatment-paradoxcure-treatments-survival-growth-helpSung-Hee-Hwang-chemistPTUPB-compound-developmentearlier-breast-lung-tumor-blocking-workclinical-evaluation-other-diseasesJun-Yang-mass-spectrometrylipid-mediator-stabilization-demonstrationcancer-growth-reduction-demonstrationmetastasis-reduction-demonstrationDipak-Panigrahy-lead-researcherformer-Harvard-physician-full-time-researcherJudah-Folkman-laboratory-angiogenesis-cancer-animal-modelingmother's-chemotherapy-dedicationdebris-model-basisovarian-cancer-women-dedicationAmerican-Cancer-Society-ovarian-cancer-rankingfifth-cancer-deaths-women1-in-78-ovarian-cancer-risk14,000-annual-ovarian-cancer-deathstraditional-cancer-therapy-dilemmacancer-cell-killing-necessityinflammation-stimulation-inevitabilitytumor-regrowth-stimulationtumor-progression-stimulationdebris-induced-tumor-progression-overcoming-paramounttreatment-resistant-tumor-recurrence-preventionmajor-therapy-failure-reasonpotential-solution-definitioncommon-problem-definitionpotential-clinic-translationPrimo-Lara-Jr.UC-Davis-Comprehensive-Cancer-Center-directorassociate-director-Translational-ResearchCenter-involvement-pleasurebasic-research-clinic-translation-hopeNSAIDs-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugsaspirin-ibuprofenpain-reductionfever-reductionsevere-side-effectsstomach-bleedingbrain-bleedingcardiovascular-toxicitykidney-toxicitydebris-clearing-enhancement-absencePTUPB-translation-explorationcombination-current-cancer-therapieschemotherapy-combinationradiation-combinationimmunotherapy-combinationsurgery-combinationdebris-generation-direct-indirectclinical-study-consistency-investigationnext-stepJun-Yan-Liu-human-sample-collectionomega3-fish-oil-combination-papersCOX-inhibitor-combination-paperstumor-growth-blocking-papersmetastasis-blocking-paperscancer-growth-mediator-regulation-papersyoung-graduate-student-UC-Berkeleycaterpillar-butterfly-studyAnise-swallowtail-caterpillar-Papilio-zelicaon-photoAnise-swallowtail-Papilio-zelicaon-photoKathy-Keatley-Garvey-photosfeature-story-referenceJohn-HafernikSan-Francisco-State-University-professor2008-discoveryhoney-bee-aberrant-behaviororderly-speciesforaging-behavior-patternsbrood-care-patternsworker-bee-communication-paradigmfood-source-location-communicationfood-source-quality-communicationCalifornia-bee-observationdisoriented-behavioruncoordinated-movementnight-flyingun-beelike-behaviorsparasitic-fly-larval-infestationApocephalus-borealishumpbacked-flyPhorid-fly-humpbacked-appearancecoffin-fly-speciescarrion-breedingearth-burrowingmeter-depthleaky-coffin-entrycadaver-food-searchant-parasitization-speciesant-head-migrationbrain-consumptiondecapitation-outcomehead-ground-developmentVermont-2013-discoveryzombiefication-actfemale-fly-egg-injectionworker-bee-body-cavitymaggot-hatchingtissue-consumptionunusual-behavior-causationnight-hive-abandonmentworker-bee-loss-disturbanceColony-Collapse-Disorder-CCDbeekeeper-national-surveysSeptember-2006-March-2007-hive-loss32-percent-hive-loss2007-2008-similar-period36-percent-colony-losszombie-phorid-fly-threat-seriousnessCCD-cause-incomplete-understandingculprit-identification-progressVarroa-mite-introduction-late-1980sbee-industry-decimationmite-infestationlarvae-blood-suckingpupae-blood-suckingadult-blood-suckingmale-bee-targetingbee-weakeningdisease-predispositionvirus-transferacute-bee-paralysis-virusdeformed-wing-virusprimary-stress-agentspesticide-encounterpollen-source-suboptimalityphysiological-stress-impositionfungicide-implication-recent-publicationbee-health-decline-contributionVarroa-mite-combat-pesticide-accumulationbeeswax-accumulationnectar-pollen-residue-encountercomb-product-accumulationhoney-accumulationimmune-system-weakeningdisease-predisposition-increaseNosema-single-celled-gut-parasiteworker-bee-dysenterybrood-tending-reductionqueen-tending-reductionqueen-shortened-lifequeen-reduced-egg-layingCCD-incidence-decline-recent-yearscommercial-beekeeper-hive-loss30-percent-exceedingcold-winter-concerndebilitating-parasite-additionnative-United-States-distributioncoast-to-coast-border-to-border-existencenative-bumble-bee-parasitizationpaper-wasp-parasitizationhoney-bee-attack-expansion-possibilitycrop-pollination-importancenative-plant-pollination-importancebluebonnet-pollinationCore-Runckel-Ivers-Quock-Siapno-et-al.-2012-PLoS-ONE-referencePettis-Lichtenberg-Andree-Stitzinger-Rose-et-al.-2013-PLoS-ONE-referenceARS-USDA-honey-bee-CCD-websitede-novo-transcriptome-assemblycentral-nervous-system-tissue42,766-contigsgene-identification-curation-comparison34-ion-channel-types17-biogenic-amine-receptors5-GABA-receptors28-major-transmitter-receptor-subtypes6-gap-junction-proteinsneuronal-molecular-profile-strengths-limitationscell-type-classificationion-channel-gene-expression-productmRNA-abundance-patternsindividual-cell-type-propertiescorrelated-mRNA-expression-pattern-generationcorrelated-mRNA-expression-pattern-maintenancetemperature-pH-dependent-potassium-currentsstomatogastric-stomach-muscleswarming-hyperpolarization10-mV-per-10°Cexcitatory-junctional-potential-reductionexcitatory-junctional-current-reductionoptimal-pH-range-6.7-8.8abnormal-activity-outside-windowvoltage-clamp-analysisgastric-muscle-gm5btemperature-sensitive-potassium-conductancepH-sensitive-potassium-conductancepotassium-equilibrium-potential-reversalTEA-insensitivitybarium-insensitivityRT-qPCR-detectiontwo-putative-K2P-channel-genesCbKCNK1CbKCNK2K2P-channel-contributiontemperature-dependent-modulationpH-dependent-modulationmuscle-excitability-modulationbehavioral-ecology-dissertationinterspecific-competitive-interactions-focustitle-abstract-metadata-limitationfull-dissertation-inaccessibilityrocky-habitats-title-inferenceexplicit-biological-details-absenceiNaturalist-3502-observationsWikipedia-summary-utilizationrounded-rough-edged-carapacesmall-light-spotsrobust-clawsdark-brown-black-tipsmale-222-mm-maximumfemale-150-mm-rare-exceedanceCatalogue-of-Life-acceptanceStimpson-1859-authorshipGBIF-Western-Atlantic-Ocean-presenceDSpace-repository-landing-pageHTML-metadata-abstract-fieldno-accessible-Cancer-borealis-biology-contentno-biological-evidence-extractablePMCID-13019607PMCID-12632486DOI-10.1016/j.isci.2026.115244DOI-10.1101/2025.10.06.680680DOI-10.32469/10355/69970DOI-10.23860/diss-3167New-England-Atlantic-Ocean-explicit-habitatmarine-environment-explicitwater-temperature-variation-explicitpH-fluctuation-explicitdepth-dependent-pHtemperature-dependent-pHtidal-cycle-pHstomach-muscle-food-grindingstomach-teeth-movementpylorus-food-filteringstomatogastric-neuromuscular-system-function-maintenanceenvironmental-temperature-fluctuation-toleranceenvironmental-pH-fluctuation-toleranceno-distribution-information-providedno-diet-information-providedno-life-cycle-information-providedno-reproduction-information-providedno-ecosystem-role-information-providedhost-associations-inapplicablefree-living-speciescompetition-with-Homarus-americanus-explicitcompetition-with-Cancer-irroratus-explicitrocky-habitats-explicitWestern-Atlantic-Ocean-explicitNewfoundland-to-Florida-explicitneurophysiology-model-organism-explicitstomatogastric-nervous-system-explicitneural-circuit-function-explicitneuromuscular-control-explicition-channel-function-explicittemperature-effects-explicitpH-effects-explicitmechanisms-neuronal-cell-identity-explicitcommercial-fishery-explicitrecreational-fishery-explicitCancer-irroratus-similar-taxon-reason-explicitHomarus-americanus-similar-taxon-reason-explicitrocky-habitat-sharing-explicitcompetitive-interaction-explicitdifferent-family-explicitneural-research-importancefisheries-importanceconservative-factual-approachnull-return-for-unsupported-fieldsno-inference-from-higher-taxano-repetition-across-fieldsunique-non-overlapping-contentno-vague-generalizationsno-fabricationcautious-language-where-necessaryclear-direct-sentencesno-fluffno-fillerno-taxonomy-repetition-in-proseno-overly-technical-jargonconcrete-statements-preferencecompleteness-medium-assessmentpartial-reliable-datano-inferred-contentfactual-correctness-priorityclarity-priorityusefulness-priorityschema-strict-matchingno-extra-fieldsno-external-commentaryJSON-output-only