Ciidae
Guides
Astichus
Astichus is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Eulophidae, subfamily Entiinae. Species are associated with bracket fungi and woody polypores, where they develop as endoparasitoids of Ciidae beetles (minute tree-fungus beetles). The genus was first described by Förster in 1856 and has been recorded from the Nearctic, Palearctic, and Afrotropical regions. South African species exhibit distinctive coloration and patterning that separates them from congeners in other regions.
Ceracis
tree-fungus beetles
Ceracis is a genus of minute tree-fungus beetles (family Ciidae) comprising approximately 56 described species. The genus is characterized by small body size, reduced antennal segmentation (typically 8-9 antennomeres), and pronounced sexual dimorphism in cephalic and pronotal armature. Species within the Ceracis furcifer group exhibit specialized feeding on the blood-red bracket fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus, representing a unique dietary specialization among animals. The genus has a predominantly Neotropical distribution, with records extending from South America through the Caribbean to the southern United States.
Ceracis singularis
Ceracis singularis is a minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae. It was originally described as Xestocis singularis by Dury in 1917. The species is distributed across Central America and North America, including Canada.
Cis
tree-fungus beetles
Cis is a genus of tree-fungus beetles in the family Ciidae, first described by Latreille in 1797. The genus contains at least 150 described species, all of which are associated with fungal habitats. These small beetles are specialized inhabitants of wood-decaying fungi and are found across multiple continents including Europe and North America.
Cis americanus
Cis americanus is a species of minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae. Like other members of this family, it is associated with decaying wood and the fungi that colonize it. The species was described by Mannerheim in 1852 and is known from North America.
Cis chinensis
Cis chinensis is a minute beetle in the family Ciidae (minute tree-fungus beetles), first described from China in 1991. It has become established as an invasive species in Europe, with confirmed populations in Switzerland and Germany. The species is primarily known as a storage pest of commercially dried fungi, but wild populations have been found living on bracket fungi growing on trees in urban environments. Adults exhibit size plasticity in response to temperature, and the species serves as host for specialized parasitoids and phoretic mites.
Cis fuscipes
minute tree-fungus beetle, Darkfooted Cis Beetle
Cis fuscipes is a species of minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae. It has a broad geographic distribution spanning Australia, the Caribbean, North America, Oceania, and Europe. The species is associated with fungal habitats, typical of ciid beetles that inhabit wood-decaying fungi.
Cis levettei
Cis levettei is a species of minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae. It is found in North America, with records from Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba in Canada. As a member of the Ciidae, it is associated with fungal habitats, particularly bracket fungi on trees. The species was described by Casey in 1898.
Cis miles
Cis miles is a species of minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae, described by Thomas Casey in 1898. The species is recorded from North America and belongs to a genus of beetles specialized in colonizing bracket fungi. Members of the genus Cis are typically small, cylindrical beetles adapted to life within the porous structures of polypore fungi.
Cis quadridentatus
Cis quadridentatus is a species of minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae, a group of small beetles specialized for life on fungal fruiting bodies. The species was described by Dury in 1917 and is known from North America. Like other members of the genus Cis, it is associated with wood-decaying fungi, particularly polypore bracket fungi. Information on this species is limited, with only one observation documented in iNaturalist.
Cis rotundulus
Cis rotundulus is a minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae, described by Lawrence in 1971. It is known from North America and belongs to a group of beetles specialized for life on fungal substrates in wood. The species is one of approximately 500 described species in the genus Cis, which are among the most common and widespread members of the Ciidae family.
Cis striatulus
Groovy Cis Beetle
Cis striatulus is a small beetle in the family Ciidae, commonly known as the Groovy Cis Beetle. It belongs to a group of insects commonly called minute tree-fungus beetles, which are associated with decaying wood and fungal growth. The species was described by Mellié in 1848.
Cis subfuscus
Cis subfuscus is a minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae, first described by Gorham in 1886. It belongs to a group of small beetles specialized for life in fungal fruiting bodies, particularly polypore bracket fungi on dead and decaying wood. The species has been documented in Central America and North America.
Cis versicolor
Cis versicolor is a minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae, first described by Casey in 1898. The species inhabits Central America and North America, where it is associated with fungal communities on decaying wood. Like other members of the genus Cis, it is small-bodied and cryptic, living in microhabitats within forest ecosystems.
Cleruchus
Cleruchus is a genus of fairyflies (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) containing minute egg parasitoids. Species in this genus exhibit notable wing dimorphism, with both macropterous and brachypterous individuals occurring within single species. They are associated with bracket fungi and parasitize eggs of beetles, particularly Ciidae. The genus is distributed across the Palaearctic region with records from Europe, Russia, and North America.
Entiinae
Entiinae is a subfamily of chalcid wasps within the family Eulophidae, established by Hedqvist in 1974. It was formerly known as Euderinae until that name was determined to be a junior homonym. The subfamily comprises 18 genera of small parasitoid wasps. Members are known to parasitize insects associated with fungi, particularly fungus beetles in the family Ciidae.
Hadreule blaisdelli
Hadreule blaisdelli is a species of minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae. Like other members of this family, it is associated with wood-decaying fungi, particularly bracket fungi (Polyporales), which serve as both habitat and food source. The genus Hadreule is part of a diverse group of small beetles that play specialized roles in forest decomposition systems.
Octotemnus
tree-fungus beetles
Octotemnus is a genus of minute tree-fungus beetles in the family Ciidae. Species in this genus are specialist fungivores that inhabit and feed on the fruiting bodies of polypore fungi. Research on Octotemnus laminifrons has revealed substantial cryptic species diversity, with multiple genetically and morphologically distinct species previously hidden under one name. Some species have been documented to significantly reduce the reproductive fitness of their host fungi through feeding damage to the spore-producing hymenium.
Octotemnus glabriculus
Octotemnus glabriculus is a minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae. It is a specialist fungivore that feeds on the bracket fungus Coriolus versicolor. Its feeding activity significantly reduces the host fungus's reproductive fitness by damaging the spore-producing hymenium. The species occurs across Europe and Northern Asia, including Kazakhstan.
Orthocis punctatus
Pitted Fungus Beetle
Orthocis punctatus is a minute tree-fungus beetle in the family Ciidae. It is native to North America, with records from multiple Canadian provinces including Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba. The species is associated with fungal habitats on trees. As with other ciid beetles, it is small-bodied and adapted to life in decaying wood with fungal growth.
Plesiocis
Plesiocis is a genus of minute tree-fungus beetles in the family Ciidae. The genus contains a single described species, Plesiocis cribrum. Members of Ciidae are typically associated with decaying wood and fungal growth. The genus was established by Casey in 1898.
Plesiocis cribrum
Plesiocis cribrum is a small beetle species in the family Ciidae (minute tree-fungus beetles), described by Casey in 1898. It is the sole member of its genus, which is distinguished from other ciid genera by specific morphological features of the elytra and antennae. The species has been documented in western Canada, with records from Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba. Like other Ciidae, it is presumed to be associated with fungal decay in wood, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Sulcacis
tree-fungus beetles
Sulcacis is a genus of minute tree-fungus beetles in the family Ciidae, established by Dury in 1917. The genus comprises eight described species distributed across the Holarctic region, including Europe, Asia, and North America. Species in this genus are associated with wood-decaying fungi and are documented hosts of entomopathogenic fungi and pseudoscorpion predators.