Burrower

Guides

Anthopotamus distinctus
Golden Drake, hacklegilled burrower mayfly
Anthopotamus distinctus is a species of mayfly in the family Potamanthidae, commonly known as the Golden Drake. It belongs to a group referred to as hacklegilled burrower mayflies, indicating specialized gill structures and burrowing behavior in the nymphal stage. The species is found in the Nearctic region of eastern North America.
Ephemeroptera Potamanthidae mayfly Nearctic aquatic-insect burrower Golden-Drake
Ephemera blanda
common burrower mayfly
Ephemera blanda is a species of burrower mayfly in the family Ephemeridae, characterized by its fossorial lifestyle in aquatic sediments. The species inhabits running waters in the southeastern Nearctic region. As with other members of the genus Ephemera, adults are short-lived and primarily focused on reproduction.
mayfly burrower aquatic-insect benthic Ephemeridae Nearctic
Ephemera guttulata
Eastern Green Drake, Shad Fly, Coffinfly
Ephemera guttulata, commonly known as the eastern green drake, is a burrowing mayfly species native to eastern North America. It is one of the largest mayfly species in the region and is highly significant to fly fishing, where its emergence events are eagerly anticipated. The species has a fully aquatic larval stage, followed by a winged subimago (dun) stage and a short-lived sexually mature adult (imago) stage. Its conservation status is G5 (secure) according to NatureServe.
mayfly Ephemeroptera fly-fishing aquatic-insect trout-food burrower eastern-North-America
Hadrurus spadix
Black Hairy Scorpion, Black-back Scorpion
Hadrurus spadix is a large scorpion reaching approximately 15 cm in length, native to the southern deserts of North America. It is distinguished from the closely related giant desert hairy scorpion (Hadrurus arizonensis) by its entirely black prosoma (cephalothorax). This species is a dedicated burrower, spending considerable time excavating and enlarging subterranean galleries in sandy substrates. Its venom is considered low in toxicity to humans, though the sting remains painful.
scorpion desert burrower nocturnal venomous North-America
Hexagenia
giant mayflies, burrowing mayflies, fishflies
Hexagenia is a genus of large burrowing mayflies in the family Ephemeridae, comprising eight recognized species. Nymphs construct distinctive U-shaped, ventilated burrows in soft aquatic sediments of lakes, streams, and ponds. Adults are notable for their synchronous mass emergences, which can produce swarms dense enough to appear on weather radar. The genus serves as an important bioindicator of water quality due to its intolerance of pollution and anoxia.
mayfly burrower bioindicator detritivore aquatic-insect fisheries water-quality synchronous-emergence
Ocypode
Ghost Crabs
Ocypode is a genus of ghost crabs comprising 21 species distributed across tropical and subtropical sandy shores worldwide. Members are characterized by deep box-like bodies, elongated eyestalks often tipped with horn-like projections in several species, and pronounced claw asymmetry with one cheliped substantially larger than the other. They construct deep burrows in intertidal sandy or muddy substrates and exhibit primarily nocturnal activity patterns. The genus was established in 1795 and remained the sole genus in subfamily Ocypodinae until 2013, when Hoplocypode was segregated based on gonopod morphology.
crustacean decapod crab intertidal burrower nocturnal bioindicator
Pentagenia vittigera
riverbed burrower mayfly
Pentagenia vittigera is a riverbed burrower mayfly in the family Palingeniidae. The species was described by Walsh in 1862 and is native to North America. It is characterized by its burrowing lifestyle in riverbed substrates. The genus Pentagenia is distinguished from related mayflies by specific morphological features of the wing venation and genitalia.
mayfly burrower riverine benthic North-America Palingeniidae aquatic-insect
Squilla
mantis shrimp, spearer mantis shrimp
Squilla is a genus of stomatopod crustaceans commonly known as mantis shrimp or spearer mantis shrimp. Members of this genus are small marine predators, typically 40–70 mm in length, characterized by raptorial appendages adapted for spearing soft-bodied prey rather than smashing hard shells. The genus has a fossil record dating to 145 million years ago and has diversified into over a dozen extant species. Squilla species are distributed in tropical and subtropical marine waters worldwide, including the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.
stomatopod spearer benthic burrower marine predator chitosan-source semelparous bycatch
Tortopus
Tortopus is a genus of burrowing mayflies in the family Polymitarcyidae, restricted to six species based on cladistic revision: T. igaranus, T. circumfluus, T. harrisi, T. zottai, T. bellus, and T. arenales. The genus is characterized by distinctive morphological synapomorphies including female parastyli receptors with long anterior furrows, entirely flattened penes, and nymphs bearing two subapical tubercles on mandibular tusks. Nymphs construct U-shaped tunnels in clay banks, a behavior that renders them difficult to sample with standard aquatic survey methods.
Ephemeroptera Polymitarcyidae burrowing-mayflies Neotropical clay-bank-habitat U-shaped-tunnels mandibular-tusks Tortopsis Campsurinae Panamerican-distribution cladistic-revision synapomorphy parastyli-receptors flattened-penes furcasternal-protuberances subapical-tubercles limnological-sampling-bias nymph-morphology adult-morphology type-species-T.-igaranus new-species-T.-arenales Ecuador Colombia Argentina Molineri-2008 Needham-&-Murphy-1924 Zootaxa Arthropod-Systematics-&-Phylogeny Florida-Entomologist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life iNaturalist NCBI-Taxonomy embryonic-development early-instar-behavior T.-harrisi T.-bellus T.-circumfluus T.-zottai T.-igaranus T.-incertus T.-coreguaje Tortopsis-toro Tortopsis-andaki Tortopsis-limoncocha Tortopsis-spatula aquatic-insects freshwater riverine lotic ephemeropteran-systematics taxonomic-revision phylogenetic-analysis morphological-characters egg-morphology male-imago-description female-adult-description keys-to-species SEM-photography line-drawings type-material-examination redescription comparative-diagnosis burrowing-behavior clay-substrate tunnel-construction sampling-methodology surber-sampler-limitations drift-net-avoidance Panama South-America Central-America mayfly-diversity highest-diversity-Neotropics Asthenopodinae Ephemeroidea Hexapoda Metazoa Eukaryota accepted-genus higher-rank-match observation-count-2 no-Wikipedia-summary DOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2481.1.1 DOI-10.11646/zootaxa.2436.1.4 DOI-10.3897/asp.79.e62735 DOI-10.2307/3493493 Scott-et-al.-1959 Navás Ulmer Traver Lugo-Ortiz-&-McCafferty Domínguez Banks McDunnough Pictet Needham-&-Murphy freshwater-ecology aquatic-entomology insect-development nymphal-stages imago-description alate-adults wing-venation R-sector gonopore-structure parastyli-length pedestal-morphology lateral-view-curvature mandibular-morphology tusk-tubercles mesosternal-structure abdominal-sternum-notch furcasternum protuberance-configuration receptor-socket-orientation IR-vein R2-vein claw-like-structure gonopore-association penis-base-separation female-fore-wing additional-veins comparative-morphology type-specimen holotype allotype paratype neotropical-species new-species-description species-key identification-key male-adult-key female-adult-key nymph-key generic-key Polymitarcyidae-genera systematics phylogeny cladistics monophyly sister-group character-state transformation-series parsimony-analysis morphological-data-set external-morphology egg-chorion micropyle egg-burster hatching emergence behavioral-study early-instar embryology oviposition substrate-preference habitat-specificity endemic regional-diversity conservation biomonitoring water-quality-indicator macroinvertebrate benthic infaunal interstitial hyporheic river-bank stream-bank erosion sediment particle-size clay-content bank-stability root-mat vegetation-association flow-regime current-velocity depth width stream-order catchment basin ecoregion biogeography dispersal colonization vicariance 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