Virginia

Guides

Aphaenogaster picea
Pitch-black Collared Ant
Aphaenogaster picea is a species of ant in the family Formicidae. It is known for its gut microbiome composition, which has been studied in relation to worker task behaviors and refuse pile interactions. The species is found at higher elevations in the eastern United States, particularly in Virginia, where it has been documented at 900–1000 meters above sea level. Workers exhibit task specialization without morphological subcastes, including nurse, forager, and refuse pile interaction roles.
ants Formicidae gut-microbiome task-specialization refuse-piles seed-dispersal elaiosomes elevation-gradient Virginia Vermont
Callophrys irus arsace
Callophrys irus arsace is a historically reported subspecies of the frosted elfin butterfly, originally described from coastal regions of the southeastern United States (Carolinas and Virginia). Genetic analysis of preserved specimens found no evidence that this subspecies is genetically distinct from the nominate subspecies C. i. irus. Field surveys conducted in 2019 and 2021 failed to locate any extant populations within its historical range. The subspecies has not been observed in over two decades and may be extirpated.
butterfly Lycaenidae frosted-elfin subspecies extirpated conservation-genetics coastal-plain Virginia Carolinas museum-specimens genetic-analysis habitat-occupancy pine-barren synonym
Cuterebra buccata
rabbit bot fly
Cuterebra buccata is a New World bot fly in the family Oestridae, commonly known as the rabbit bot fly. Adults are large, bumble bee-sized flies that lack functional mouthparts and do not feed. The species is host-specific to lagomorphs, particularly cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus). Larvae develop subcutaneously in warbles, feeding on host fluids rather than tissue. Adults are rarely encountered in the field and have short lifespans focused on reproduction.
bot-fly myiasis parasite lagomorph rabbit Oestridae Cuterebrinae bumble-bee-mimicry warble subcutaneous-parasite host-specific non-feeding-adult puparium Cuterebra Sylvilagus cottontail-rabbit New-World North-America Virginia Missouri Vermont spring-emergence late-summer-prevalence rarely-encountered short-lived-adult evolutionary-coevolution benign-parasitism soil-pupation larval-migration subcutaneous-development Diptera Insecta entomology medical-entomology veterinary-entomology wildlife-disease parasitology host-parasite-interaction cuterebrid rabbit-parasite lagomorph-parasite bot warble-fly gadfly Oestrus-buccata Fabricius-1775 Cuterebra-buccata-(Fabricius,-1775)
Cymindis elegans
Cymindis elegans is a ground beetle species in the genus Cymindis, first described by LeConte in 1846. It belongs to the subfamily Lebiinae and tribe Lebiini within the family Carabidae. The species is known from Virginia in the United States. Very little specific information about its biology, ecology, or behavior has been documented.
ground-beetle Carabidae Lebiinae North-America Virginia data-deficient
Dalmosella tenuis
Dalmosella tenuis is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Pselaphinae. It is a small beetle belonging to the tribe Trichonychini within the diverse Pselaphinae, a group known for their compact bodies and reduced elytra. The species was described by Thomas L. Casey in 1897 and occurs across eastern North America.
Staphylinidae Pselaphinae rove-beetle North-America Casey-1897 Trichonychini Dalmosella Coleoptera beetle insect arthropod Animalia Insecta Polyphaga Staphyliniformia Staphylinoidea Euplectitae Trimiina New-Brunswick Alabama District-of-Columbia Florida Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Massachusetts Maine Mississippi North-Carolina New-Hampshire New-Jersey Ohio Oklahoma Pennsylvania Tennessee Virginia USA Canada eastern-North-America
Dalopius virginicus
Dalopius virginicus is a species of click beetle in the family Elateridae. The genus Dalopius belongs to the subfamily Dendrometrinae, a group of click beetles characterized by their ability to produce a clicking sound through a prosternal process that fits into a mesosternal cavity. Very little published information exists specifically for this species. The species epithet "virginicus" suggests a potential association with the state of Virginia or the broader Virginian biogeographic region in eastern North America, though this has not been confirmed in the available literature.
Coleoptera Elateridae click-beetle Dendrometrinae Dalopius North-America Virginia beetle insect
Decusa expansa
Decusa expansa is a rove beetle species in the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Aleocharinae, described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1866. It belongs to the tribe Oxypodini within the subtribe Dinardina. The species has been documented from several eastern and midwestern U.S. states. Like other aleocharine rove beetles, it is likely small-bodied with reduced elytra typical of the family.
Staphylinidae Aleocharinae Oxypodini Coleoptera rove-beetle LeConte-1866 North-America United-States Illinois Indiana Maryland Virginia
Euhadenoecus fragilis
Tawney's Cave Cricket, tawneys cave cricket
Euhadenoecus fragilis is a species of camel cricket in the family Rhaphidophoridae. It was described by Hubbell in 1978. The species is known from cave environments in North America, with documented occurrences in Virginia. Like other members of the family Rhaphidophoridae, it is wingless and adapted to subterranean habitats.
cave-cricket camel-cricket Rhaphidophoridae subterranean wingless North-America Virginia Ensifera Orthoptera insect invertebrate cave-dwelling troglobite 1978-description Hubbell
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Northern Spring Amphipod
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus is a freshwater amphipod crustacean inhabiting lotic (flowing water) environments in North America. The species exhibits complex behavioral ecology, including size-selective predation vulnerability to fish predators such as brook trout and sculpins, and chemically-mediated responses to predation risk that influence reproductive behavior. Population dynamics are characterized by univoltine (single annual) generation cycles with high mortality during early life stages and winter periods. The species serves as an important prey item in stream food webs and has been extensively studied as a model organism for freshwater invertebrate ecology, toxicology, and predator-prey interactions.
freshwater lotic amphipod predator-prey behavioral-ecology toxicology univoltine North-America model-organism stream-ecology size-selective-predation chemical-ecology parasitism acanthocephala copper-toxicity mate-guarding calceoli microhabitat-selection thigmotaxis diel-activity seasonal-dynamics production-ecology drift brook-trout sculpin Ontario Virginia Gammaridae crustacean invertebrate senticaudata Bousfield-1958 Northern-Spring-Amphipod
Lacunicambarus diogenes
devil crayfish, devil crawfish
Lacunicambarus diogenes, commonly known as the devil crayfish or devil crawfish, is a primary burrowing crayfish native to eastern North America. This species constructs and inhabits burrows in wet, muddy terrestrial habitats rather than living in permanent surface water. Its burrowing activities create refugia used by numerous other species, including documented use by eastern cicada killer wasps (Sphecius speciosus) as brooding habitat. The species ranges across the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregion from New Jersey to Georgia, with disjunct populations in Louisiana.
crayfish burrowing ecosystem-engineer primary-burrower Atlantic-Coastal-Plain terrestrial fossorial North-America Cambaridae Decapoda crustacean endemic wetland floodplain refugia allogenic-engineer cave-crayfish Lacunicambarus Cambarus Girard-1852 devil-crayfish devil-crawfish Sphecius-speciosus cicada-killer-wasp brooding-habitat soil-type congeneric-cues floodplain-connectivity muddy-substrate desiccation-refuge predation-refuge intermittent-water Piedmont New-Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North-Carolina South-Carolina Georgia Louisiana roadside-ditch terrestrial-habitat burrow-construction burrow-maintenance wetland-engineer crustacean-ecology decapod astacidea freshwater-invertebrate invertebrate-engineer habitat-modification species-interactions commensalism facilitation ecosystem-services biodiversity-support habitat-provision microhabitat-creation soil-bioturbation sediment-mixing water-infiltration groundwater-connection ephemeral-water seasonal-wetland palustrine lotic lentic riparian hyporheic bioturbation soil-structure nutrient-cycling detritivore omnivore scavenger predator prey trophic-interaction food-web community-ecology population-ecology conservation habitat-loss urbanization agriculture land-use-change climate-change drought hydrology geomorphology sedimentology ichnology trace-fossil burrow-architecture burrow-morphology tunnel-system chimney mud-pellet cast excavation sediment-ejection maintenance-behavior occupancy site-fidelity home-range territoriality intraspecific-interaction interspecific-interaction competition predation-risk desiccation-risk physiological-stress behavioral-adaptation morphological-adaptation fossorial-adaptation gill-function air-breathing cutaneous-respiration ion-regulation osmoregulation excretion metabolism energetics life-history growth molting reproduction mating egg-care juvenile-development recruitment population-dynamics demography genetics phylogeography biogeography dispersal colonization extinction rare-species common-species indicator-species keystone-species umbrella-species flagship-species natural-capital environmental-economics environmental-policy environmental-management restoration-ecology habitat-restoration species-reintroduction ex-situ-conservation in-situ-conservation protected-area wildlife-refuge nature-reserve national-park state-park conservation-easement stewardship citizen-science iNaturalist observation specimen voucher museum-collection type-specimen holotype taxonomy systematics nomenclature synonymy homonymy priority valid-name accepted-name species-concept morphological-species biological-species evolutionary-species phylogenetic-species integrative-taxonomy DNA-barcoding molecular-systematics phylogenetics phylogeny evolution adaptation natural-selection speciation diversification radiation endemism vicariance dispersal-limitation habitat-specificity niche-breadth niche-conservatism ecological-release character-displacement 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simulation modeling numerical-model conceptual-model statistical-model mechanistic-model process-based-model individual-based-model system-dynamics-model machine-learning-model deep-learning neural-network random-forest support-vector-machine gradient-boosting ensemble-method model-selection model-validation model-calibration sensitivity-analysis uncertainty-analysis risk-analysis decision-analysis optimization multi-objective-optimization Pareto-frontier trade-off synergy co-benefit win-win lose-lose win-lose zero-sum positive-sum negative-sum game-theory cooperative-game non-cooperative-game Nash-equilibrium Pareto-optimality social-dilemma tragedy-of-the-commons prisoner's-dilemma collective-action free-rider public-good common-pool-resource institution rule norm custom law governance administration implementation enforcement compliance accountability participation inclusiveness responsiveness effectiveness efficiency legitimacy adaptability transformability innovation experimentation adaptive-governance evidence-based science-based knowledge-based information-based data-driven model-driven theory-driven hypothesis-driven question-driven problem-driven solution-driven impact-driven outcome-driven output-driven input-driven process-driven value-driven mission-driven vision-driven stakeholder-driven user-driven citizen-driven community-driven place-based ecosystem-based landscape-based seascape-based watershed-based river-basin-based bioregion-based ecoregion-based biome-based realm-based planetary-based global regional national subnational local municipal community household individual scale cross-scale multi-scale trans-scale upscaling downscaling scaling-out scaling-up scaling-deep mainstreaming integration maintenance durability permanence reversibility additionality leakage spillover externality market-failure government-failure institutional-failure system-failure surprise novelty critical-transition regime-shift alternative-stable-state 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Notopygus virginiensis
Notopygus virginiensis is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Cushman in 1915. It belongs to the family Ichneumonidae, one of the largest families of parasitoid wasps. The genus Notopygus is part of the diverse ichneumonoid complex, with species typically characterized by specialized parasitoid life histories targeting other insects. Very little specific biological information has been published for this particular species.
ichneumonidae parasitoid-wasp hymenoptera virginia cushman-1915 notopygus eastern-north-america
Pseudanophthalmus hoffmani
Hoffman's Cave Beetle
Pseudanophthalmus hoffmani, known as Hoffman's cave beetle, is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is endemic to Virginia, United States. The species belongs to a genus of troglobitic beetles specialized for subterranean environments.
troglobitic cave-beetle endemic Virginia Carabidae ground-beetle
Pseudanophthalmus holsingeri
Holsinger's Cave Beetle
Pseudanophthalmus holsingeri, known as Holsinger's Cave Beetle, is a troglobitic ground beetle endemic to Virginia, United States. The species was described by Thomas C. Barr in 1965. As a member of the genus Pseudanophthalmus, it is adapted to subterranean cave environments.
troglobitic endemic cave-beetle Virginia subterranean Carabidae Trechinae Barr-1965
Pseudopolydesmus collinus
Rolling Hills Flat-back
Pseudopolydesmus collinus is a flat-backed millipede in the family Polydesmidae, described by Hoffman in 1974. It belongs to the order Polydesmida, characterized by their dorsoventrally flattened bodies. The species is known from limited records in Virginia, United States. As with other members of its genus, it likely inhabits moist forest floor environments typical of polydesmid millipedes.
millipede Polydesmida Polydesmidae North-America Virginia Hoffman-1974
Pseudopolydesmus paludicolus
Pseudopolydesmus paludicolus is a species of flat-backed millipede in the family Polydesmidae, described by Hoffman in 1950. It belongs to a genus characterized by a flattened body form typical of polydesmidan millipedes. The species epithet 'paludicolus' (from Latin 'palus' meaning marsh and 'cola' meaning dweller) suggests association with wetland or marshy habitats. Documentation of this species remains limited, with few published records beyond original description.
millipede flat-backed-millipede Polydesmidae North-America Virginia
Scaphinotus incompletus
incomplete snail-eating beetle
Scaphinotus incompletus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, commonly known as the incomplete snail-eating beetle. It is one of the "snail-eating beetles" in the genus Scaphinotus, characterized by adaptations for predation on terrestrial mollusks. Adults are brachypterous (short-winged), a trait common in this genus that reflects their ground-dwelling lifestyle and reduced need for flight. The species is known from a restricted range in the Appalachian region of the eastern United States.
Carabidae ground-beetle snail-predator brachypterous Appalachian Kentucky Virginia mixed-evergreen-forest Cychrini terrestrial-mollusk-predator
Trichosirocalus
rosette weevils, crown weevils
A genus of small true weevils native to the Palearctic region. Several species have been widely introduced to North America, Australia, and New Zealand as biological control agents for invasive thistles. The genus was historically treated as containing a single species, T. horridus, but integrative taxonomic studies using molecular and morphological data have revealed multiple distinct species with different host associations.
weevil biological-control thistle invasive-species-management Ceutorhynchinae rosette-feeder Ceutorhynchini Baridinae taxonomic-revision classical-biological-control Carduus Cirsium Onopordum Palearctic-native introduced-species molecular-systematics integrative-taxonomy univoltine leaf-miner agricultural-pest-control pasture-weed-management species-complex host-specificity musk-thistle plumeless-thistle Scotch-thistle Illyrian-thistle welted-thistle Italian-thistle crown-weevil rosette-weevil oviposition-behavior overwintering egg-stage larval-stage adult-stage decaying-organic-matter soil-surface non-photosynthetic-leaves green-leaves leaf-midribs petioles leaf-mining notching-damage rosette-survival flowering-stem-reduction seed-production-reduction rosette-mortality population-density-effects mark-recapture dispersal-patterns artificial-diet-rearing laboratory-culture vitamin-supplementation lyophilized-thistle-roots ergosterol casein-hydrolysate 7-dehydrocholesterol sucrose larval-survival adult-longevity oviposition female-fecundity field-cage-experiments individual-cage-experiments growth-parameter-reduction pre-release-host-specificity-testing post-release-monitoring establishment-success range-expansion forested-areas agricultural-land pasture small-farms crops disturbed-habitats meadows dense-patches rosette-size-preference spatial-distribution selective-oviposition autumn-egg-laying winter-larval-development spring-pupation late-summer-adult-emergence soil-overwintering plant-debris-overwintering rachis leaf-dissection destructive-sampling non-destructive-sampling sampling-bias life-stage-detection established-populations mitochondrial-COI nuclear-EF-1α morphological-characters host-plant-associations synonymy species-validity introduction-history release-records establishment-records Old-World-native New-World-introduction Southern-Hemisphere-introduction Australia New-Zealand North-America Virginia Southwest-Virginia Europe Spain France Germany Italy Switzerland Austria Scandinavia Denmark Norway Sweden Colonnelli-1979 Panzer-1801 Alonso-Zarazaga-&-Sánchez-Ruiz-2002 Ceutorhynchinae-vs-Baridinae subfamily-placement tribe-placement true-weevils Curculionidae Coleoptera Insecta Arthropoda Animalia 882-iNaturalist-observations GBIF-records Catalogue-of-Life-accepted NCBI-Taxonomy Bulletin-of-Entomological-Research Journal-of-Applied-Ecology Journal-of-Entomological-Science Annals-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-America Environmental-Entomology DOI-10.1017/s000748531500084x DOI-10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00747.x DOI-10.18474/0749-8004-22.4.324 DOI-10.18474/0749-8004-22.4.330 DOI-10.18474/0749-8004-24.4.465 DOI-10.1093/aesa/73.6.694 DOI-10.1093/ee/10.5.691