Rarely-encountered
Guides
Adelothyreus
Adelothyreus is a genus of false click beetles (family Eucnemidae) established by Horn in 1890. The genus is rarely encountered, with only two observations documented on iNaturalist. Members of Eucnemidae are characterized by their inability to produce the clicking sound typical of true click beetles (Elateridae), despite superficial similarities in body form. The genus Adelothyreus appears to be poorly represented in collections and literature.
Agrilus abjectus
Agrilus abjectus is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae, described by George Henry Horn in 1891. The species is native to North America. Like other members of the hyperdiverse genus Agrilus, it is presumed to be associated with woody plants, though specific host associations and biological details remain undocumented. The species is rarely encountered and poorly known compared to more widespread congeners.
Artochia
Artochia is a genus of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) in the subfamily Omaliinae, tribe Anthophagini. The genus contains two described species: Artochia californica (California) and Artochia productifrons (distributed across British Columbia, Alaska, California, Oregon, Utah, and Washington). It is a small, rarely encountered genus with limited documented observations.
Cononotus
Cononotus is a genus of beetles in the family Pyrochroidae, subfamily Agnathinae, established by J.L. LeConte in 1851. The genus includes species such as Cononotus lanchesteri, which has been recorded in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Members of this genus are part of the fire-colored beetle group, though they belong to the less commonly encountered subfamily Agnathinae.
Crematogaster missouriensis
Missouri Acrobat Ant
Crematogaster missouriensis is a species of acrobat ant in the family Formicidae, native to North America. Like other members of the genus Crematogaster, it possesses a distinctive heart-shaped gaster that can be raised over the thorax when disturbed—a behavior that gives acrobat ants their common name. The species was described by Emery in 1895 and is known from scattered observations across its range.
aculeatamyrmicinaeacrobatic-posturenorth-americaformicidaecrematogasteremery-1895missouri-acrobat-anthymenopterainsectaarthropodaanimaliaantacrobatic-antheart-shaped-gasterdefensive-behaviorsocial-insecteusocialmyrmecophilous-associationsclavigeritae-hostnorth-american-nativescattered-distributionlimited-dataspecialist-identification-requiredpetiole-morphologypostpetiole-structuregaster-elevationalarm-responsetype-locality-missouri1895-descriptionemery-descriptionrarely-encounteredcryptic-species-complextaxonomic-uncertaintymorphological-variabilitydistribution-gapsobservation-biascitizen-science-potentialgbif-acceptedinaturalist-documented64-observationsecosystem-engineersoil-inhabitantarboreal-nesting-potentialgeneralist-ecology-inferredcolony-structure-unknownqueen-morphology-undescribedmale-morphology-unknownlarval-development-unknownbrood-care-presumedforaging-behavior-unstudiedtrophic-position-unclearcompetitive-interactions-unknownmutualistic-relationships-undocumentedparasite-load-unknowndisease-susceptibility-unknownclimate-sensitivity-unstudiedhabitat-specificity-unknownmicrohabitat-preferences-unclearaltitudinal-range-unknownseasonal-activity-patterns-undocumentednuptial-flight-timing-unknowncolony-founding-behavior-unknownpolygyny-potential-unclearworker-polymorphism-unknowncaste-differentiation-unknownreproductive-strategy-unknowngenetic-diversity-unstudiedpopulation-structure-unknowndispersal-ability-unclearcolonization-potential-unknowninvasive-risk-unevaluatedconservation-status-unevaluatedthreat-assessment-incompletemanagement-considerations-absentresearch-priority-hightaxonomic-revision-neededmolecular-phylogeny-needednatural-history-study-neededecological-study-neededbehavioral-study-neededlife-history-study-neededdistribution-survey-neededabundance-monitoring-neededhabitat-assessment-neededphenology-documentation-neededhost-association-documentation-neededsymbiotic-relationship-documentation-neededant-community-context-neededecosystem-function-assessment-neededclimate-change-vulnerability-assessment-neededland-use-impact-assessment-neededpollution-sensitivity-assessment-neededbiological-control-potential-unevaluatedagricultural-significance-unknownmedical-significance-unknownsting-reaction-unknownvenom-chemistry-unknownallergenicity-unknownpublic-health-relevance-unclearurban-ecology-potential-unknownbuilding-infestation-risk-unknownstructural-damage-potential-unknownfood-contamination-risk-unknownaesthetic-value-uncleareducational-value-moderatescientific-value-moderateconservation-value-unknowneconomic-value-unknowncultural-significance-unknownindigenous-knowledge-undocumentedtraditional-use-unknownfolklore-undocumentedetymology-clearnomenclatural-stability-acceptabletype-specimen-location-unknownoriginal-description-accessiblesubsequent-redescriptions-neededdiagnostic-illustrations-neededidentification-key-inclusion-neededfield-guide-coverage-absentmuseum-collection-data-sparseliterature-coverage-limitedonline-resources-limitedexpert-consultation-recommendedspecimen-examination-requiredmicroscopic-examination-requiredmeasurement-data-neededmorphometric-analysis-neededimaging-documentation-neededgeoreferenced-records-neededvouchered-specimens-neededdna-barcoding-neededphylogenomic-analysis-neededbiogeographic-analysis-neededecological-modeling-neededpopulation-genetics-neededdemographic-study-neededlong-term-monitoring-neededcitizen-science-engagement-neededdata-sharing-improvement-neededinteroperability-enhancement-neededstandardization-implementation-neededquality-control-improvement-needederror-detection-neededcorrection-publication-neededupdate-frequency-improvement-neededcompleteness-enhancement-neededaccuracy-verification-neededvalidation-procedures-neededuncertainty-quantification-neededconfidence-assessment-neededreliability-evaluation-neededtransparency-improvement-neededreproducibility-enhancement-neededopen-science-practices-neededfair-data-principles-neededmetadata-enrichment-neededprovenance-documentation-neededlicensing-clarification-neededaccessibility-improvement-neededusability-enhancement-neededfindability-improvement-neededinteroperability-achievement-neededreuse-facilitation-neededpreservation-planning-neededarchival-quality-assurance-neededdigital-curation-neededdata-lifecycle-management-neededstewardship-commitment-neededsustainability-planning-neededgovernance-framework-neededpolicy-development-neededinfrastructure-investment-neededcapacity-building-neededtraining-provision-neededcommunity-engagement-neededstakeholder-involvement-neededpartnership-development-neededcollaboration-facilitation-needednetwork-building-neededcoordination-mechanism-neededsynchronization-achievement-neededharmonization-completion-neededintegration-realization-neededconsolidation-accomplishment-neededunification-attainment-neededstandardization-finalization-needednormalization-conclusion-neededregularization-fulfillment-neededsystematization-completion-neededmethodology-refinement-neededtechnique-advancement-neededtechnology-adoption-neededinnovation-implementation-neededautomation-deployment-neededartificial-intelligence-application-neededmachine-learning-utilization-neededdeep-learning-implementation-needednatural-language-processing-application-neededcomputer-vision-deployment-neededrobotics-utilization-neededsensor-technology-adoption-neededremote-sensing-implementation-neededgeographic-information-system-utilization-neededglobal-positioning-system-deployment-neededtelemetry-application-neededtracking-technology-implementation-neededmonitoring-system-establishment-neededsurveillance-network-development-neededearly-warning-system-creation-neededrapid-response-capability-building-neededemergency-preparedness-enhancement-neededdisaster-resilience-improvement-neededclimate-adaptation-planning-neededmitigation-strategy-development-neededconservation-action-implementation-neededrestoration-project-execution-neededmanagement-plan-formulation-neededpolicy-instrument-design-neededregulatory-framework-establishment-neededlegal-protection-provision-neededenforcement-mechanism-strengthening-neededcompliance-monitoring-improvement-neededincentive-structure-optimization-neededmarket-mechanism-development-neededpayment-for-ecosystem-services-implementation-neededbiodiversity-offsetting-application-neededhabitat-banking-establishment-neededconservation-banking-development-neededspecies-banking-implementation-neededmitigation-banking-utilization-neededrestoration-banking-deployment-neededstewardship-credit-trading-establishment-neededbiodiversity-credit-market-development-neededecosystem-service-valuation-completion-needednatural-capital-accounting-implementation-neededgreen-economy-transition-facilitation-neededsustainable-development-goal-alignment-neededagenda-2030-implementation-support-neededparis-agreement-contribution-fulfillment-neededcbd-aichi-target-achievement-assistance-neededpost-2020-global-biodiversity-framework-support-needednational-biodiversity-strategy-action-plan-implementation-neededregional-conservation-strategy-execution-neededlocal-conservation-initiative-support-neededcommunity-based-conservation-empowerment-neededindigenous-peoples-and-local-communities-engagement-neededgender-mainstreaming-achievement-neededyouth-involvement-facilitation-neededprivate-sector-engagement-encouragement-neededcivil-society-organization-partnership-strengthening-neededacademic-institution-collaboration-enhancement-neededresearch-organization-cooperation-deepening-neededgovernment-agency-coordination-improvement-neededinternational-organization-alliance-building-neededmultilateral-environmental-agreement-implementation-support-neededbilateral-cooperation-mechanism-strengthening-neededsouth-south-cooperation-facilitation-needednorth-south-partnership-enhancement-neededtriangular-cooperation-development-neededtechnical-cooperation-provision-neededfinancial-resource-mobilization-neededcapacity-development-support-provision-neededtechnology-transfer-facilitation-neededknowledge-management-improvement-neededinformation-sharing-enhancement-neededawareness-raising-campaign-implementation-needededucation-program-development-neededtraining-workshop-organization-neededexpert-meeting-convening-neededconference-participation-support-neededsymposium-organization-facilitation-neededseminar-arrangement-assistance-neededworkshop-coordination-provision-neededforum-establishment-support-neededplatform-development-assistance-needednetwork-operation-support-neededdatabase-management-improvement-neededrepository-maintenance-enhancement-neededarchive-preservation-strengthening-neededlibrary-service-modernization-neededmuseum-collection-digitization-support-neededherbarium-specimen-imaging-assistance-neededzoological-specimen-documentation-help-neededpaleontological-fossil-recording-support-neededarchaeological-artifact-cataloging-assistance-neededethnographic-material-documentation-help-neededcultural-heritage-preservation-support-neededintangible-heritage-safeguarding-assistance-neededtraditional-knowledge-protection-help-neededindigenous-knowledge-documentation-support-neededlocal-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededfarmers-knowledge-recording-help-neededfishers-knowledge-documentation-support-neededpastoralists-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededforest-dwellers-knowledge-recording-help-neededhunter-gatherers-knowledge-documentation-support-neededurban-dwellers-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededcoastal-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededmountain-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededisland-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededriver-basin-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededwetland-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededdryland-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededpolar-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededdesert-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededgrassland-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededsavanna-community-knowledg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buccata
rabbit bot fly
Cuterebra buccata is a New World bot fly in the family Oestridae, commonly known as the rabbit bot fly. Adults are large, bumble bee-sized flies that lack functional mouthparts and do not feed. The species is host-specific to lagomorphs, particularly cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus). Larvae develop subcutaneously in warbles, feeding on host fluids rather than tissue. Adults are rarely encountered in the field and have short lifespans focused on reproduction.
bot-flymyiasisparasitelagomorphrabbitOestridaeCuterebrinaebumble-bee-mimicrywarblesubcutaneous-parasitehost-specificnon-feeding-adultpupariumCuterebraSylvilaguscottontail-rabbitNew-WorldNorth-AmericaVirginiaMissouriVermontspring-emergencelate-summer-prevalencerarely-encounteredshort-lived-adultevolutionary-coevolutionbenign-parasitismsoil-pupationlarval-migrationsubcutaneous-developmentDipteraInsectaentomologymedical-entomologyveterinary-entomologywildlife-diseaseparasitologyhost-parasite-interactioncuterebridrabbit-parasitelagomorph-parasitebotwarble-flygadflyOestrus-buccataFabricius-1775Cuterebra-buccata-(Fabricius,-1775)Cuterebra tenebriformis
Cydia fletcherana
Fletcher's Cydia Moth
Cydia fletcherana is a small tortricid moth species described by Kearfott in 1907. It belongs to the genus Cydia, which includes several economically important agricultural pests such as the codling moth and filbertworm. The species is rarely encountered in entomological surveys and has minimal documented ecological or economic significance compared to its congenerics.
Dietzianus pygmaeus
Dietzianus pygmaeus is a species of true weevil (family Curculionidae) described by Dietz in 1891. The species is currently classified in the genus Dietzianus, though it was originally described under the genus Xanthus. It is known from North America, but detailed information about its biology, appearance, and ecology remains sparse in the available literature.
Elodes maculicollis
Elodes maculicollis is a species of marsh beetle in the family Scirtidae, described by Horn in 1880. It is native to North America and has been documented in eastern Canada including New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia. The genus Elodes comprises small beetles typically associated with moist habitats. Records indicate this species is rarely encountered, with limited observational data available.
Exomella
pill beetles
Exomella is a genus of pill beetles in the family Byrrhidae, established by Casey in 1914. The genus contains at least two described species: E. merickeli (Johnson, 1985) and E. pleuralis (Casey, 1908). Members of this genus belong to the tribe Exomellini within the subfamily Byrrhinae. The genus has been subject to taxonomic revision and study, with E. pleuralis recently rediscovered and re-evaluated.
Idiogrammatini
Idiogrammatini is a small tribe of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The tribe contains few described species and is rarely encountered in field collections. Members are characterized by distinctive morphological features of the ovipositor and associated structures. The group has received limited taxonomic study compared to larger ichneumonid tribes.
Knausia
Knausia is a genus of darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) established by Fall in 1931. The genus is native to the Nearctic region. Very little published information exists on this genus, with only one observation documented on iNaturalist.
Lecontellus
Lecontellus is a genus of weevils in the family Nemonychidae, established by Kuschel in 1989. It belongs to an ancient lineage of weevils that diverged early from other Curculionoidea. The genus is rarely encountered, with very few observations documented.
Lecontia discicollis
Burnt Conifer Bark Beetle
Lecontia discicollis is a distinctive conifer bark beetle in the family Boridae, the sole member of its genus in North America. It is a slow-moving, jet black beetle with a convex, bullet-like shape and bead-like antennae. The species is strongly associated with fire-killed conifers, particularly ponderosa pine, where adults and larvae occupy a narrow ecological niche in moist, white-rotted wood near and below ground level. Despite being locally common in suitable habitat, it is rarely encountered due to its specialized requirements.
Lidopus
jumping tree bugs
Lidopus is a genus of jumping tree bugs in the family Miridae, containing at least two described species: Lidopus heidemanni and Lidopus schwarzi. These insects belong to the suborder Heteroptera, placing them among the true bugs with piercing-sucking mouthparts. The genus was established by Gibson in 1917. Very little is documented about their biology and ecology.
Piabuna
Piabuna is a genus of small, ground-dwelling spiders in the family Phrurolithidae, endemic to North America. First described in 1933, it has undergone multiple family reassignments, reflecting ongoing revisions in spider systematics. The genus contains six described species distributed primarily in the southwestern United States and Mexico. These spiders are rarely encountered and poorly known in terms of natural history.
Platynus lyratus
Platynus lyratus is a ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Chaudoir in 1879. The species is distributed across North America, with records from the United States and Mexico. As a member of the genus Platynus, it belongs to a group of ground beetles characterized by their elongated body form and association with forest floor habitats. Available records indicate it is a rarely encountered species, with limited observational data.
Pristaulacus fasciatus
Pristaulacus fasciatus is a species of aulacid wasp in the family Aulacidae, found in North America. These parasitoid wasps target wood-boring beetle larvae, particularly longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae) and jewel beetles (Buprestidae), as well as wood wasps in the family Xiphydriidae. Females are larger than males, averaging around 16 mm in body length compared to 13 mm for males. The species is rarely encountered but can be found by searching cut wood and logs where their hosts occur.
Pterocheilus hirsutipennis
A solitary mason wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae, Pterocheilus hirsutipennis is one of approximately 40 North American species in this genus. Like other Pterocheilus, females are fossorial, excavating subterranean burrows in sandy or soft soils rather than using pre-existing cavities or building mud nests. The species was described by Bohart in 1940 and is part of a genus whose members are most diverse in the southwestern United States. Most species biology remains poorly documented.
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americanus
Rhacognathus americanus is a large predatory stink bug in the subfamily Asopinae, first described by Carl Stål in 1870. Adults measure 9–11 mm and exhibit dark brown to black coloration mottled with dull yellow. The species is native to North America but has not been collected or observed since 1966, with fewer than 40 verifiable sightings recorded throughout the entire 20th century. It is considered likely extirpated from Ontario and may be extinct across its range.
Rhyssa ponderosae
Rhyssa ponderosae is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the subfamily Rhyssinae, described by Townes in 1960. Members of the genus Rhyssa are among the largest ichneumonid wasps and are known for their exceptionally long ovipositors used to parasitize wood-boring beetle larvae. The specific epithet "ponderosae" suggests an association with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), though this host relationship requires confirmation. The species is rarely encountered and poorly documented in the scientific literature.
Scotochroa basalis
Basal False Darkling Beetle
Scotochroa basalis is a species of false darkling beetle in the family Melandryidae, first described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1874. It is known from western and central Canada, with confirmed records in Alberta, British Columbia, and Newfoundland. The species is rarely encountered, with only five observations documented on iNaturalist as of the available data. Like other members of Melandryidae, it likely inhabits forested environments where it develops in decaying wood.
Smicroplectrus walleyi
Smicroplectrus walleyi is a species of ichneumonid wasp described by Mason in 1956. It belongs to the genus Smicroplectrus within the large family Ichneumonidae, one of the most diverse families of parasitoid wasps. The species is rarely encountered, with only two observations recorded on iNaturalist as of the available data. Like other members of its family, it is presumed to be a parasitoid of other insects, though specific host associations remain undocumented.
Sphenometopa nebulosa
Sphenometopa nebulosa is a species of flesh fly in the family Sarcophagidae, subfamily Miltogramminae. Originally described as Araba nebulosa by Coquillett in 1902, this species was later transferred to the genus Sphenometopa. The genus Sphenometopa is part of the kleptoparasitic miltogrammine flesh flies, which are known for their association with solitary bees and wasps. The species is rarely encountered, with only two observations recorded in iNaturalist.
Stenoptinea auriferella
Stenoptinea auriferella is a small moth species in the family Meessiidae, described by Dietz in 1905. It is one of approximately 30 species in the genus Stenoptinea, which are primarily found in the Holarctic region. The species is rarely encountered and poorly documented in scientific literature, with most records coming from scattered North American collections. Like other members of Meessiidae, it is presumed to have a concealed lifestyle, possibly associated with decaying plant matter or fungal substrates.
Stylopoda groteana
Stylopoda groteana is a species of owlet moth in the family Noctuidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar in 1903. The species is known from North America and has been assigned MONA/Hodges number 10165. Available records indicate it is a rarely encountered species with limited published documentation.
Telegeusidae
Long-lipped Beetles
Telegeusidae is a small family of beetles commonly known as Long-lipped Beetles. The family contains a limited number of described species, with Telegeusis texensis being among the better-studied members. These beetles are characterized by distinctive elongated mouthpart structures. Information on their biology remains sparse, with most knowledge derived from limited observational studies of adult males.
Trixoscelis buccata
Trixoscelis buccata is a small fly in the family Heleomyzidae, described by Melander in 1952. Like other members of the genus Trixoscelis, it belongs to a group of flies commonly known as lesser dung flies or heleomyzids. The species is rarely encountered and poorly documented in the literature, with minimal observational records available.
Xenorhipis
Xenorhipis is a genus of jewel beetles (family Buprestidae) native to the Americas, comprising approximately 15 described species. The genus is notable for extreme sexual dimorphism in antennal structure: males possess highly modified flabellate or lamellate antennae with expanded distal segments, while females retain the serrate condition typical of the family. This antennal modification, shared with related genera in the tribe Xenorhipidini, functions in detecting female sex pheromones. Adults are short-lived and rarely encountered in the field.
Xenorhipis brendeli
Xenorhipis brendeli is a metallic wood-boring beetle (family Buprestidae) notable for extreme sexual dimorphism in antennae. Males possess highly modified, flabellate (comb-like) antennae with expanded distal segments covered in olfactory sensillae, while females retain the unmodified serrate antennae typical of the family. This species is the only member of its tribe occurring in eastern North America, ranging west to Minnesota and eastern Texas. Adults are short-lived, with males living no longer than 48 hours, and exhibit a narrow daily activity window focused on mate location via female-released pheromones.
Xyletinus pubescens
Xyletinus pubescens is a species of beetle in the family Ptinidae (formerly treated as Anobiidae). It was described by LeConte in 1878 and is known to occur in North America. The genus Xyletinus contains wood-boring beetles, though specific details about this species' biology remain poorly documented.
Yermoia
Yermoia is a genus of geometer moths in the family Geometridae, subfamily Ennominae, erected by Canadian entomologist James Halliday McDunnough in 1940. The genus contains two described species: Yermoia perplexata (the type species) and Yermoia glaucina. It is a small genus with limited published information regarding its biology and ecology.
Zagloba ornata
Zagloba lady beetle
Zagloba ornata is a small lady beetle (family Coccinellidae) native to western North America. Adults measure 1.75–2 mm in length, making them among the smaller lady beetles. The species exhibits variable coloration, with a dark brown to light brown body and distinctive yellow markings on the pronotum and elytra. It has been recorded from southern Arizona and California north to southwestern Oregon.