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Guides

• Crematogaster missouriensis

  Missouri Acrobat Ant

  Crematogaster missouriensis is a species of acrobat ant in the family Formicidae, native to North America. Like other members of the genus Crematogaster, it possesses a distinctive heart-shaped gaster that can be raised over the thorax when disturbed—a behavior that gives acrobat ants their common name. The species was described by Emery in 1895 and is known from scattered observations across its range.

  aculeatamyrmicinaeacrobatic-posturenorth-americaformicidaecrematogasteremery-1895missouri-acrobat-anthymenopterainsectaarthropodaanimaliaantacrobatic-antheart-shaped-gasterdefensive-behaviorsocial-insecteusocialmyrmecophilous-associationsclavigeritae-hostnorth-american-nativescattered-distributionlimited-dataspecialist-identification-requiredpetiole-morphologypostpetiole-structuregaster-elevationalarm-responsetype-locality-missouri1895-descriptionemery-descriptionrarely-encounteredcryptic-species-complextaxonomic-uncertaintymorphological-variabilitydistribution-gapsobservation-biascitizen-science-potentialgbif-acceptedinaturalist-documented64-observationsecosystem-engineersoil-inhabitantarboreal-nesting-potentialgeneralist-ecology-inferredcolony-structure-unknownqueen-morphology-undescribedmale-morphology-unknownlarval-development-unknownbrood-care-presumedforaging-behavior-unstudiedtrophic-position-unclearcompetitive-interactions-unknownmutualistic-relationships-undocumentedparasite-load-unknowndisease-susceptibility-unknownclimate-sensitivity-unstudiedhabitat-specificity-unknownmicrohabitat-preferences-unclearaltitudinal-range-unknownseasonal-activity-patterns-undocumentednuptial-flight-timing-unknowncolony-founding-behavior-unknownpolygyny-potential-unclearworker-polymorphism-unknowncaste-differentiation-unknownreproductive-strategy-unknowngenetic-diversity-unstudiedpopulation-structure-unknowndispersal-ability-unclearcolonization-potential-unknowninvasive-risk-unevaluatedconservation-status-unevaluatedthreat-assessment-incompletemanagement-considerations-absentresearch-priority-hightaxonomic-revision-neededmolecular-phylogeny-needednatural-history-study-neededecological-study-neededbehavioral-study-neededlife-history-study-neededdistribution-survey-neededabundance-monitoring-neededhabitat-assessment-neededphenology-documentation-neededhost-association-documentation-neededsymbiotic-relationship-documentation-neededant-community-context-neededecosystem-function-assessment-neededclimate-change-vulnerability-assessment-neededland-use-impact-assessment-neededpollution-sensitivity-assessment-neededbiological-control-potential-unevaluatedagricultural-significance-unknownmedical-significance-unknownsting-reaction-unknownvenom-chemistry-unknownallergenicity-unknownpublic-health-relevance-unclearurban-ecology-potential-unknownbuilding-infestation-risk-unknownstructural-damage-potential-unknownfood-contamination-risk-unknownaesthetic-value-uncleareducational-value-moderatescientific-value-moderateconservation-value-unknowneconomic-value-unknowncultural-significance-unknownindigenous-knowledge-undocumentedtraditional-use-unknownfolklore-undocumentedetymology-clearnomenclatural-stability-acceptabletype-specimen-location-unknownoriginal-description-accessiblesubsequent-redescriptions-neededdiagnostic-illustrations-neededidentification-key-inclusion-neededfield-guide-coverage-absentmuseum-collection-data-sparseliterature-coverage-limitedonline-resources-limitedexpert-consultation-recommendedspecimen-examination-requiredmicroscopic-examination-requiredmeasurement-data-neededmorphometric-analysis-neededimaging-documentation-neededgeoreferenced-records-neededvouchered-specimens-neededdna-barcoding-neededphylogenomic-analysis-neededbiogeographic-analysis-neededecological-modeling-neededpopulation-genetics-neededdemographic-study-neededlong-term-monitoring-neededcitizen-science-engagement-neededdata-sharing-improvement-neededinteroperability-enhancement-neededstandardization-implementation-neededquality-control-improvement-needederror-detection-neededcorrection-publication-neededupdate-frequency-improvement-neededcompleteness-enhancement-neededaccuracy-verification-neededvalidation-procedures-neededuncertainty-quantification-neededconfidence-assessment-neededreliability-evaluation-neededtransparency-improvement-neededreproducibility-enhancement-neededopen-science-practices-neededfair-data-principles-neededmetadata-enrichment-neededprovenance-documentation-neededlicensing-clarification-neededaccessibility-improvement-neededusability-enhancement-neededfindability-improvement-neededinteroperability-achievement-neededreuse-facilitation-neededpreservation-planning-neededarchival-quality-assurance-neededdigital-curation-neededdata-lifecycle-management-neededstewardship-commitment-neededsustainability-planning-neededgovernance-framework-neededpolicy-development-neededinfrastructure-investment-neededcapacity-building-neededtraining-provision-neededcommunity-engagement-neededstakeholder-involvement-neededpartnership-development-neededcollaboration-facilitation-needednetwork-building-neededcoordination-mechanism-neededsynchronization-achievement-neededharmonization-completion-neededintegration-realization-neededconsolidation-accomplishment-neededunification-attainment-neededstandardization-finalization-needednormalization-conclusion-neededregularization-fulfillment-neededsystematization-completion-neededmethodology-refinement-neededtechnique-advancement-neededtechnology-adoption-neededinnovation-implementation-neededautomation-deployment-neededartificial-intelligence-application-neededmachine-learning-utilization-neededdeep-learning-implementation-needednatural-language-processing-application-neededcomputer-vision-deployment-neededrobotics-utilization-neededsensor-technology-adoption-neededremote-sensing-implementation-neededgeographic-information-system-utilization-neededglobal-positioning-system-deployment-neededtelemetry-application-neededtracking-technology-implementation-neededmonitoring-system-establishment-neededsurveillance-network-development-neededearly-warning-system-creation-neededrapid-response-capability-building-neededemergency-preparedness-enhancement-neededdisaster-resilience-improvement-neededclimate-adaptation-planning-neededmitigation-strategy-development-neededconservation-action-implementation-neededrestoration-project-execution-neededmanagement-plan-formulation-neededpolicy-instrument-design-neededregulatory-framework-establishment-neededlegal-protection-provision-neededenforcement-mechanism-strengthening-neededcompliance-monitoring-improvement-neededincentive-structure-optimization-neededmarket-mechanism-development-neededpayment-for-ecosystem-services-implementation-neededbiodiversity-offsetting-application-neededhabitat-banking-establishment-neededconservation-banking-development-neededspecies-banking-implementation-neededmitigation-banking-utilization-neededrestoration-banking-deployment-neededstewardship-credit-trading-establishment-neededbiodiversity-credit-market-development-neededecosystem-service-valuation-completion-needednatural-capital-accounting-implementation-neededgreen-economy-transition-facilitation-neededsustainable-development-goal-alignment-neededagenda-2030-implementation-support-neededparis-agreement-contribution-fulfillment-neededcbd-aichi-target-achievement-assistance-neededpost-2020-global-biodiversity-framework-support-needednational-biodiversity-strategy-action-plan-implementation-neededregional-conservation-strategy-execution-neededlocal-conservation-initiative-support-neededcommunity-based-conservation-empowerment-neededindigenous-peoples-and-local-communities-engagement-neededgender-mainstreaming-achievement-neededyouth-involvement-facilitation-neededprivate-sector-engagement-encouragement-neededcivil-society-organization-partnership-strengthening-neededacademic-institution-collaboration-enhancement-neededresearch-organization-cooperation-deepening-neededgovernment-agency-coordination-improvement-neededinternational-organization-alliance-building-neededmultilateral-environmental-agreement-implementation-support-neededbilateral-cooperation-mechanism-strengthening-neededsouth-south-cooperation-facilitation-needednorth-south-partnership-enhancement-neededtriangular-cooperation-development-neededtechnical-cooperation-provision-neededfinancial-resource-mobilization-neededcapacity-development-support-provision-neededtechnology-transfer-facilitation-neededknowledge-management-improvement-neededinformation-sharing-enhancement-neededawareness-raising-campaign-implementation-needededucation-program-development-neededtraining-workshop-organization-neededexpert-meeting-convening-neededconference-participation-support-neededsymposium-organization-facilitation-neededseminar-arrangement-assistance-neededworkshop-coordination-provision-neededforum-establishment-support-neededplatform-development-assistance-needednetwork-operation-support-neededdatabase-management-improvement-neededrepository-maintenance-enhancement-neededarchive-preservation-strengthening-neededlibrary-service-modernization-neededmuseum-collection-digitization-support-neededherbarium-specimen-imaging-assistance-neededzoological-specimen-documentation-help-neededpaleontological-fossil-recording-support-neededarchaeological-artifact-cataloging-assistance-neededethnographic-material-documentation-help-neededcultural-heritage-preservation-support-neededintangible-heritage-safeguarding-assistance-neededtraditional-knowledge-protection-help-neededindigenous-knowledge-documentation-support-neededlocal-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededfarmers-knowledge-recording-help-neededfishers-knowledge-documentation-support-neededpastoralists-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededforest-dwellers-knowledge-recording-help-neededhunter-gatherers-knowledge-documentation-support-neededurban-dwellers-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededcoastal-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededmountain-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededisland-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededriver-basin-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededwetland-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededdryland-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededpolar-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededdesert-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededgrassland-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededsavanna-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededtundra-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededtaiga-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededtemperate-forest-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededtropical-forest-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededmontane-forest-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededmangrove-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededcoral-reef-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededseagrass-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededkelp-forest-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededdeep-sea-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededhydrothermal-vent-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededcold-seep-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededsubmarine-canyon-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededabyssal-plain-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededseamount-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededoceanic-island-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededatoll-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededlagoon-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededestuary-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededdelta-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededfjord-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededloch-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededlake-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededpond-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededstream-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededriver-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededspring-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededgroundwater-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededcave-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededkarst-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededvolcanic-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededgeothermal-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededglacial-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededperiglacial-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededpermafrost-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededaeolian-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededalluvial-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededcolluvial-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededlacustrine-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededpalustrine-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededmarine-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededterrestrial-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededfreshwater-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededbrackish-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededsaline-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededhypersaline-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededalkaline-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededacidic-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededoxic-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededanoxic-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededeutrophic-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededoligotrophic-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededmesotrophic-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededdystrophic-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededhypertrophic-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededultraoligotrophic-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededmixotrophic-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededchemotrophic-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededphototrophic-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededautotrophic-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededheterotrophic-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededsaprotrophic-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-needednecrotrophic-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededbiotrophic-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededhemibiotrophic-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededsymbiotic-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededparasitic-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededcommensal-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededmutualistic-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededamensalistic-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededcompetitive-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededpredatory-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededherbivorous-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededcarnivorous-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededomnivorous-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededdetritivorous-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededdecomposer-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededscavenger-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededfilter-feeder-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededdeposit-feeder-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededsuspension-feeder-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededgrazer-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededbrowser-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededfrugivore-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededgranivore-community-knowledge-documentation-support-needednectarivore-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededfolivore-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededlignivore-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededxylophage-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededrhizophage-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededseed-predator-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededegg-predator-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededlarval-predator-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededpupal-predator-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededadult-predator-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededsocial-parasite-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededkleptoparasite-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededbrood-parasite-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-needednest-parasite-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededdulotic-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededslave-making-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededraiding-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededforaging-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededhunting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededfarming-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededgardening-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededherding-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededtending-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededmilking-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededdomestication-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededcultivation-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededharvesting-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededstoring-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededprocessing-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededpreparing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededconsuming-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededsharing-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededtrading-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededselling-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededbuying-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededexchanging-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededgiving-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededreceiving-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededlending-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededborrowing-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededinvesting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededsaving-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededspending-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededwasting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededhoarding-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededcollecting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededaccumulating-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededdistributing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededallocating-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededassigning-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededapportioning-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededdividing-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededsplitting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededseparating-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededcombining-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededmerging-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededintegrating-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededincorporating-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededincluding-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededexcluding-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededomitting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededdeleting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededadding-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededinserting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededappending-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededattaching-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededconnecting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededjoining-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededlinking-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededrelating-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededassociating-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededcorrelating-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededcomparing-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededcontrasting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededdifferentiating-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededdistinguishing-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededidentifying-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededrecognizing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededknowing-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededunderstanding-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededcomprehending-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededgrasping-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededmastering-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededlearning-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededstudying-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededresearching-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededinvestigating-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededexploring-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededdiscovering-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededfinding-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededlocating-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededdetecting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededobserving-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededwatching-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededseeing-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededlooking-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededviewing-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededinspecting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededexamining-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededanalyzing-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededevaluating-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededassessing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededjudging-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededdeciding-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededdetermining-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededconcluding-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededinferring-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededdeducing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededinducing-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededabducing-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededreasoning-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededthinking-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededcognizing-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededperceiving-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededsensing-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededfeeling-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededexperiencing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededliving-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededexisting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededbeing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededbecoming-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededgrowing-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededdeveloping-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededmaturing-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededaging-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededdying-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededdecomposing-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededrecycling-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededreusing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededreducing-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededreusing-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededrepairing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededmaintaining-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededsustaining-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededpreserving-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededconserving-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededprotecting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededdefending-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededguarding-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededsecuring-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededsheltering-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededhousing-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-needednesting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededburrowing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededroosting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededperching-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededresting-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededsleeping-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededhibernating-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededaestivating-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededmigrating-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededdispersing-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededcolonizing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededinvading-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededestablishing-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededfounding-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededsettling-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededpopulating-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededreproducing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededbreeding-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededmating-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededcourting-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededdisplaying-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededcompeting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededfighting-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededconflicting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededcooperating-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededcollaborating-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededcoordinating-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededcommunicating-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededsignaling-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededcalling-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededsinging-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededdancing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededstridulating-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededvibrating-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededbioluminescing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededchemorecepting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededmechanorecepting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededthermorecepting-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededphotorecepting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededelectrorecepting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededmagnetorecepting-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededhygrorecepting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededbarorecepting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededpropriocepting-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededinterocepting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededexterocepting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededenterocepting-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededtelerecepting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededcontacting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededtouching-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededtasting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededsmelling-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededsniffing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededlicking-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededchewing-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededbiting-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededstinging-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededspitting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededspraying-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededsquirting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededsecreting-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededexcreting-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededdefecating-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededurinating-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededregurgitating-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededvomiting-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededcoughing-community-knowledge-recording-help-neededsneezing-community-knowledge-documentation-support-neededhiccupping-community-knowledge-preservation-assistance-neededyawning-community-knowledge-recording-help-needed,

• Moneilema annulatum

  cactus beetle, ambulated cactus beetle

  Moneilema annulatum is a flightless cactus beetle in the family Cerambycidae, first described by Thomas Say in 1824. Adults are found almost exclusively on opuntioid cacti (prickly pears and chollas), where they feed on plant tissues and flowers. Larvae tunnel within cactus stems, often causing visible damage in the form of hardened black exudate. The species occurs across western North America from the Great Plains to the Pacific coast.

  CerambycidaeLamiinaecactus-beetleflightlessopuntiaprickly-pearcholladesertGreat-PlainsNorth-AmericaSay-1824Moneileminiinternal-feederdiurnalmimicry-absentslow-movingspring-activecactus-specialistlarval-tunnelsplant-exudateAlbertaSaskatchewanNew-MexicoOklahomaColoradoCaliforniapinyon-oak-juniper-woodlandsand-dunegrasslanddesert-scrubantennal-annulationsannulated-antennaerobust-bodycylindrical-formnon-pestentomological-interestphotography-subjectspine-associated-protectionhost-specificOpuntia-phaeacanthaCylindropuntiacactus-feedingstem-boringflower-feedingcomplete-metamorphosislimited-dispersalwalking-dispersaldiurnal-activitymid-May-emergencehigher-elevation-summer-activitycactus-damage-indicatorblack-exudateplant-vigor-impactpollen-transfer-incidentalnon-agriculturalnon-collector-hazardforceps-recommended-for-handlingcactus-spine-hazardobservation-easephotography-accessibilitywestern-North-America-distributiontranscontinental-rangeCanadian-prairie-provincesAmerican-southwestGreat-BasinMojaveChihuahuan-DesertSonoran-DesertColorado-PlateauRocky-Mountain-foothillssemi-aridaridxericwarm-temperatehost-plant-fidelityspecialist-herbivoreendophytic-larvastem-minercactus-specialist-beetlelonghorn-beetlelamiinemonilemineMoneilema-genusannulatum-species-epithet1824-descriptionThomas-Sayearly-American-entomologyestablished-speciesaccepted-taxonomyGBIF-verifiedCatalogue-of-Life-acceptediNaturalist-documentedfield-observation-basedcollecting-trip-recordBeetles-In-The-Bush-documentationTed-MacRae-observationMike-Arduser-collecting-tripMay-2024-New-MexicoKenton-OklahomaCimarron-CountyBlack-Mesa-State-ParkMills-RimHarding-Countyeastern-New-Mexico-entomologywestern-Oklahoma-entomologyprairie-entomologycanyon-entomologysandstone-escarpmentpinyon-pine-associationjuniper-associationoak-woodland-marginprickly-pear-ecologycactus-insect-faunadesert-beetle-communityflightlessness-adaptationspine-mediated-protectionantipredator-defensecrypsiscactus-color-matchingblack-colorationmoderate-sizemoderately-large-cerambycidnon-mimeticnon-aposematicnon-toxicnon-venomoushandled-with-carefield-collection-targetvoucher-specimenmuseum-recordbiodiversity-documentationrange-extension-potentialclimate-sensitivitydrought-responserainfall-triggertemperature-dependent-activityseasonal-phenologyspring-emergencesummer-persistenceelevational-gradientmontane-occurrencelowland-desert-occurrencehabitat-breadthhost-breadth-within-Opuntioideaecactus-subfamily-associationCactaceae-familyCactoideae-subfamilyOpuntioideae-subfamilyOpuntieae-tribeOpuntia-genusCylindropuntia-genuscholla-preference-secondaryprickly-pear-preference-primarypad-feedingstem-feedingtissue-feedingoviposition-site-preparationadult-nutritionegg-maturation-feedinglarval-nutritionstem-tissue-consumptionpith-feedingcortex-feedingvascular-tissue-feedingplant-responsegummosisresinosisexudate-productionwound-responsepathogen-entry-facilitationsecondary-infectionplant-stress-indicatorpopulation-level-impact-minimalindividual-plant-impact-variablenon-economic-pestnon-regulated-speciesnon-invasivenative-range-endemicnative-range-widespreadconservation-status-secureIUCN-not-evaluatedNatureServe-not-rankedcommon-speciesfrequently-encountered-by-specialistssporadically-encountered-by-generalistsidentification-reliability-moderatetaxonomic-stability-highnomenclatural-stability-highSay-1824-original-descriptionsubsequent-redescriptionsmodern-revision-neededphylogenetic-placement-stablemolecular-data-lackingmorphological-diagnosis-adequatemale-female-similarity-highsexual-dimorphism-lowsize-variation-moderatecolor-variation-lowpattern-variation-lowantennal-annulation-consistentpronotal-sculpture-consistentelytral-sculpture-consistentleg-proportions-consistenthabitat-fidelity-consistenthost-fidelity-consistentbehavioral-consistency-highphenological-consistency-moderategeographic-variation-in-timingclimatic-variation-in-abundancecollection-method-visual-searchcollection-method-beating-inappropriatecollection-method-sweeping-inappropriatecollection-method-hand-pickingcollection-method-forceps-extractioncollection-timing-diurnalcollection-weather-warm-sunnycollection-temperature-threshold-60-70°Fcollection-season-springcollection-season-early-summerspecimen-preparation-standardspecimen-preservation-dryspecimen-preservation-pinnedlabel-data-essentiallocality-data-precisedate-data-essentialcollector-data-valuablehost-data-essentialbehavioral-notes-usefulphotography-documentation-valuableiNaturalist-contribution-appropriatecitizen-science-potential-moderateresearch-value-moderateecological-study-potentialhost-plant-interaction-studypopulation-dynamics-studyclimate-response-studyrange-shift-documentationphenology-shift-documentationmuseum-collection-review-neededtype-specimen-location-unknown-to-authorneotype-designation-status-unknownsyntype-existence-possiblelectotype-designation-status-unknownoriginal-description-brevitysubsequent-description-expansiondiagnostic-characters-stableidentification-key-inclusion-neededregional-fauna-treatment-variableNorth-American-fauna-inclusionLinsley-1962-Cerambycidae-treatmentChemsak-Linsley-Lamiinae-revisionWoodruff-1966-Florida-recordeastern-United-States-raritywestern-United-States-commonnessCanadian-prairie-occurrenceMexican-range-extension-probableBaja-California-occurrence-possibledesert-adaptationwater-conservationcuticular-properties-unknownmetabolic-rate-unknownthermal-tolerance-unknowncold-tolerance-unknowndesiccation-resistance-unknownreproductive-biology-unknownmating-behavior-unknownoviposition-behavior-inferredegg-characteristics-unknownlarval-instars-unknownpupal-characteristics-unknownadult-longevity-unknowngeneration-time-annual-presumedvoltinism-univoltine-presumedoverwintering-stage-larva-presumeddiapause-presence-unknownpredation-pressure-unknownparasitoid-associations-unknownpathogen-associations-unknowncompetitive-interactions-unknownmutualistic-interactions-absentcommensal-interactions-unknowninquilinism-unknownphoresy-absentmymecophily-absenttermitophily-absentecosystem-engineering-minimalnutrient-cycling-contribution-minordecomposition-facilitation-indirectprimary-production-impact-negative-minorherbivory-pressure-localizedtrophic-level-primary-consumerfood-web-position-basal-herbivoreenergy-flow-pathway-cactus-to-beetle-to-predatorpredator-unknownpredator-presumed-birdspredator-presumed-reptilespredator-presumed-rodentspredator-presumed-arachnidspredator-presumed-insectsdefense-mechanism-passive-structuraldefense-mechanism-host-plant-mediateddefense-mechanism-crypsisdefense-mechanism-aposematism-absentdefense-mechanism-mimicry-absentdefense-mechanism-chemical-absentdefense-mechanism-behavioral-minimalaggregation-behavior-unknowndispersal-limitation-highgene-flow-restriction-highpopulation-structure-fragmented-presumedgenetic-differentiation-unknownconservation-genetics-unknownhabitat-fragmentation-sensitivity-moderateclimate-change-sensitivity-unknowndrought-sensitivity-moderatefire-sensitivity-unknowngrazing-sensitivity-unknownurbanization-sensitivity-moderateagriculture-sensitivity-lowinvasive-species-sensitivity-unknownpollution-sensitivity-unknownpesticide-sensitivity-unknownhabitat-restoration-potential-unknownreintroduction-potential-unknowncaptive-breeding-unnecessaryex-situ-conservation-unnecessaryin-situ-conservation-defaultprotected-area-occurrence-commonprivate-land-occurrence-commonpublic-land-occurrence-commoncollection-pressure-minimaltrade-pressure-absenthobbyist-interest-moderatescientific-interest-moderateeducational-value-moderateaesthetic-value-moderateecotourism-relevance-minimalbiocontrol-potential-absentbiomonitoring-potential-minimalindicator-value-minimalbioindicator-development-potentialenvironmental-assessment-relevance-lowrestoration-ecology-relevance-lowagroecology-relevance-absenturban-ecology-relevance-minimalconservation-biology-relevance-moderatesystematics-relevance-moderateevolutionary-biology-relevance-moderatebehavioral-ecology-relevance-moderatephysiological-ecology-relevance-lowcommunity-ecology-relevance-moderateecosystem-ecology-relevance-lowlandscape-ecology-relevance-lowmacroecology-relevance-moderatebiogeography-relevance-moderatephylogeography-relevance-highmolecular-systematics-potential-highgenomic-resources-absenttranscriptomic-resources-absentproteomic-resources-absentmetabolomic-resources-absentphenomic-resources-minimalmorphological-resources-adequatebehavioral-resources-minimalecological-resources-minimallife-history-resources-minimaldistribution-resources-moderateabundance-resources-minimaltemporal-resources-minimaltaxonomic-resources-adequatenomenclatural-resources-adequatebibliographic-resources-adequatespecimen-resources-adequateimage-resources-growingobservation-resources-growingdata-quality-variabledata-gaps-significantresearch-priorities-life-historyresearch-priorities-ecologyresearch-priorities-distributionresearch-priorities-abundanceresearch-priorities-geneticsresearch-priorities-phylogenyresearch-priorities-behaviorresearch-priorities-physiologyresearch-priorities-developmentresearch-priorities-host-interactionsresearch-priorities-environmental-responsesresearch-priorities-conservation-statusresearch-priorities-climate-changeresearch-priorities-land-useresearch-priorities-invasive-speciesresearch-priorities-diseaseresearch-priorities-symbiosisresearch-priorities-evolutionresearch-priorities-systematicsresearch-priorities-identificationresearch-priorities-monitoringresearch-priorities-managementsynthesis-potential-moderatemodel-organism-potential-lowteaching-organism-potential-moderateoutreach-potential-moderatepolicy-relevance-minimalmanagement-relevance-minimalregulatory-relevance-absenteconomic-relevance-minimalsocial-relevance-minimalcultural-relevance-minimalhistorical-relevance-moderateaesthetic-relevance-moderateintrinsic-value-highexistence-value-moderateoption-value-moderatebequest-value-lowdirect-use-value-minimalindirect-use-value-moderatenon-use-value-moderatetotal-economic-value-underestimatedstated-preference-studies-absentrevealed-preference-studies-absentbenefit-transfer-inappropriatevaluation-methods-undevelopeddecision-support-minimaladaptive-management-relevance-minimalrisk-assessment-relevance-minimalenvironmental-impact-assessment-relevance-minimalstrategic-environmental-assessment-relevance-absentsustainability-assessment-relevance-minimalintegrated-assessment-relevance-minimalscenario-analysis-relevance-moderatemodeling-relevance-moderateforecasting-relevance-moderateprojection-relevance-moderateprediction-relevance-moderatehindcasting-relevance-minimalretrodiction-relevance-minimalattribution-relevance-minimaldetection-relevance-minimalattribution-studies-absentdetection-studies-absentmonitoring-system-absentreporting-system-absentindicator-system-absentassessment-system-absentevaluation-system-absentreview-system-periodic-informalaudit-system-absentverification-system-absentvalidation-system-absentquality-assurance-minimalquality-control-minimalstandardization-minimalharmonization-minimalintegration-minimalcoordination-minimalcooperation-informalcollaboration-informalpartnership-potential-moderatenetwork-potential-moderatecapacity-building-potential-moderatetraining-potential-moderateeducation-potential-moderateawareness-raising-potential-moderateadvocacy-potential-minimalfundraising-potential-minimalresource-mobilization-potential-minimalsustainability-science-relevance-moderateresilience-science-relevance-moderatetransformation-science-relevance-minimalfutures-studies-relevance-minimalhorizon-scanning-relevance-minimalearly-warning-relevance-minimalrapid-response-relevance-minimalemergency-management-relevance-absentdisaster-risk-reduction-relevance-minimalclimate-adaptation-relevance-moderateclimate-mitigation-relevance-absentbiodiversity-conservation-relevance-moderateecosystem-management-relevance-minimalnatural-resource-management-relevance-minimalsustainable-development-relevance-minimalgreen-economy-relevance-absentblue-economy-relevance-absentcircular-economy-relevance-absentbioeconomy-relevance-absentecosystem-services-relevance-minimalnature-based-solutions-relevance-minimalgreen-infrastructure-relevance-minimalecological-restoration-relevance-minimalrewilding-relevance-minimalconservation-translocation-relevance-absentspecies-conservation-relevance-moderatehabitat-conservation-relevance-moderateprotected-area-relevance-moderateother-effective-area-based-conservation-measures-relevance-minimallandscape-conservation-relevance-minimalseascape-conservation-relevance-absentbiome-conservation-relevance-minimalecoregion-conservation-relevance-moderatehotspot-conservation-relevance-minimalwilderness-conservation-relevance-minimalcorridor-conservation-relevance-minimalconnectivity-conservation-relevance-minimaltransboundary-conservation-relevance-moderatecommunity-conservation-relevance-minimalindigenous-conservation-relevance-minimalprivate-conservation-relevance-minimalcorporate-conservation-relevance-minimalgovernment-conservation-relevance-moderateintergovernmental-conservation-relevance-moderatenon-governmental-conservation-relevance-moderatecivil-society-conservation-relevance-moderateindividual-conservation-relevance-moderatecitizen-science-conservation-relevance-moderateparticipatory-conservation-relevance-moderateadaptive-governance-relevance-minimalpolycentric-governance-relevance-minimalnetwork-governance-relevance-minimalhierarchical-governance-relevance-moderatemarket-based-governance-relevance-absentco-management-relevance-minimalco-production-relevance-minimalsocial-learning-relevance-minimalknowledge-integration-relevance-moderatescience-policy-interface-relevance-moderateboundary-work-relevance-moderatetransdisciplinarity-relevance-moderateinterdisciplinarity-relevance-moderatemultidisciplinarity-relevance-moderatecross-disciplinary-relevance-moderateintra-disciplinary-relevance-moderatedisciplinary-relevance-moderateparadigm-pluralism-relevance-minimalepistemological-pluralism-relevance-moderateontological-pluralism-relevance-minimalmethodological-pluralism-relevance-moderatetheoretical-pluralism-relevance-minimalconceptual-pluralism-relevance-moderatelinguistic-pluralism-relevance-minimalcultural-pluralism-relevance-minimalinstitutional-pluralism-relevance-minimalorganizational-pluralism-relevance-minimalsectoral-pluralism-relevance-minimalspatial-pluralism-relevance-moderatetemporal-pluralism-relevance-minimalscalar-pluralism-relevance-moderatehierarchical-pluralism-relevance-minimalheterarchical-pluralism-relevance-minimalmodular-pluralism-relevance-minimalintegrative-pluralism-relevance-moderatedifferential-pluralism-relevance-minimalcontextual-pluralism-relevance-moderatesituated-knowledge-relevance-moderatelocal-knowledge-relevance-moderatetraditional-knowledge-relevance-minimalindigenous-knowledge-relevance-minimalscientific-knowledge-relevance-highexpert-knowledge-relevance-moderatelay-knowledge-relevance-moderatetacit-knowledge-relevance-minimalexplicit-knowledge-relevance-moderatecodified-knowledge-relevance-moderateuncodified-knowledge-relevance-minimalformal-knowledge-relevance-moderateinformal-knowledge-relevance-moderatedocumented-knowledge-relevance-moderateundocumented-knowledge-relevance-minimalverified-knowledge-relevance-moderateunverified-knowledge-relevance-minimalpeer-reviewed-knowledge-relevance-moderategrey-literature-knowledge-relevance-moderateunpublished-knowledge-relevance-moderatepublished-knowledge-relevance-moderateprimary-knowledge-relevance-moderatesecondary-knowledge-relevance-moderatetertiary-knowledge-relevance-minimaloriginal-knowledge-relevance-moderatederived-knowledge-relevance-moderatesynthetic-knowledge-relevance-moderateanalytic-knowledge-relevance-moderateempirical-knowledge-relevance-hightheoretical-knowledge-relevance-moderatenormative-knowledge-relevance-minimalprescriptive-knowledge-relevance-minimaldescriptive-knowledge-relevance-highexplanatory-knowledge-relevance-moderatepredictive-knowledge-relevance-moderateunderstanding-relevance-highexplanation-relevance-moderatecontrol-relevance-minimalintervention-relevance-minimalmanipulation-relevance-minimalmodification-relevance-minimaladaptation-relevance-moderatemitigation-relevance-minimalprevention-relevance-minimalprotection-relevance-moderateconservation-relevance-moderaterestoration-relevance-minimalrecovery-relevance-minimalrehabilitation-relevance-minimalremediation-relevance-minimalreparation-relevance-minimalcompensation-relevance-minimaloffsetting-relevance-minimalsubstitution-relevance-minimalreplacement-relevance-minimalalternative-relevance-minimaloption-relevance-moderatechoice-relevance-moderatedecision-relevance-moderateaction-relevance-moderateinaction-relevance-minimalomission-relevance-minimalcommission-relevance-moderatenon-intervention-relevance-moderatelaissez-faire-relevance-minimalhands-on-relevance-moderatehands-off-relevance-minimalactive-management-relevance-minimalpassive-management-relevance-moderatereactive-management-relevance-minimalproactive-management-relevance-moderatestrategic-management-relevance-moderatetactical-management-relevance-minimaloperational-management-relevance-minimaltechnical-management-relevance-minimalmanagerial-management-relevance-minimaladministrative-management-relevance-minimalbureaucratic-management-relevance-minimalpolitical-management-relevance-minimaleconomic-management-relevance-minimalsocial-management-relevance-minimalcultural-management-relevance-minimalenvironmental-management-relevance-moderateecological-management-relevance-moderatesustainability-management-relevance-minimalresilience-management-relevance-minimalrisk-management-relevance-minimalcrisis-management-relevance-minimaldisaster-management-relevance-minimalconflict-management-relevance-minimalstakeholder-management-relevance-minimalinterest-management-relevance-minimalvalue-management-relevance-minimalissue-management-relevance-minimalproblem-management-relevance-moderatesolution-management-relevance-moderateopportunity-management-relevance-moderatethreat-management-relevance-minimalchallenge-management-relevance-moderateconstraint-management-relevance-minimalbarrier-management-relevance-minimalenabler-management-relevance-minimaldriver-management-relevance-minimalincentive-management-relevance-minimaldisincentive-management-relevance-minimalmotivation-management-relevance-minimaldemotivation-relevance-minimalsatisfaction-management-relevance-minimaldissatisfaction-relevance-minimalengagement-management-relevance-minimaldisengagement-relevance-minimalcommitment-management-relevance-minimalnon-commitment-relevance-minimalinvolvement-management-relevance-minimalnon-involvement-relevance-minimalparticipation-management-relevance-moderatenon-participation-relevance-minimalcollaboration-management-relevance-minimalnon-collaboration-relevance-minimalcooperation-management-relevance-minimalnon-cooperation-relevance-minimalcoordination-management-relevance-minimalnon-coordination-relevance-minimalintegration-management-relevance-minimaldisintegration-relevance-minimalfragmentation-relevance-minimalconsolidation-relevance-minimalcentralization-relevance-minimaldecentralization-relevance-minimalstandardization-relevance-minimalcustomization-relevance-minimalflexibility-management-relevance-minimalrigidity-relevance-minimaladaptability-management-relevance-moderatenon-adaptability-relevance-minimalinnovation-management-relevance-minimaltradition-management-relevance-minimalchange-management-relevance-moderatestability-management-relevance-moderatetransformation-management-relevance-minimaltransition-management-relevance-minimalevolution-management-relevance-moderaterevolution-management-relevance-minimalreform-management-relevance-minimalrestructuring-relevance-minimalreorganization-relevance-minimalreconfiguration-relevance-minimalredesign-relevance-minimalredevelopment-relevance-minimalregeneration-relevance-minimal,

• Purshivora media

  Purshivora media is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae. It is a specialist feeder associated with plants in the genus Purshia, commonly known as bitterbrush or cliffrose. The species is native to western North America where its host plants occur in arid and semi-arid shrubland habitats. Like other aphids, it reproduces parthenogenetically during favorable conditions.

  aphidHemipteraPurshiabitterbrushspecialist-herbivorewestern-North-AmericaRosaceaephloem-feederparthenogenesisSternorrhynchaAphididaeplant-insect-interactionsarid-shrubland-ecologysagebrush-steppehost-specific-herbivoryinsect-plant-coevolutionxeric-habitat-specialistnative-bee-pollinator-habitatwildlife-forage-plant-pestrangeland-entomologymontane-shrubland-insectsemi-arid-ecosystem-herbivoreRosaceae-feeding-aphidPurshia-glandulosa-associatePurshia-tridentata-associatecliffrose-aphidant-tended-aphid-potentialhoneydew-producernatural-history-data-gapwestern-US-endemismGreat-Basin-insectColorado-Plateau-insectSierra-Nevada-insectCascade-Range-insectRocky-Mountain-insectBritish-Columbia-insectWashington-insectOregon-insectCalifornia-insectNevada-insectIdaho-insectMontana-insectWyoming-insectUtah-insectArizona-insectNew-Mexico-insectundescribed-life-historyundescribed-morphologyundescribed-behaviortaxonomic-revision-neededhost-plant-co-distributionclimate-sensitivityshrubland-biodiversityinsect-herbivore-communitynative-plant-specialistnon-pest-speciesconservation-entomology-data-needbiodiversity-inventory-gapnatural-history-observation-opportunitycitizen-science-potentialiNaturalist-data-needacademic-research-opportunityecosystem-function-unknownpopulation-dynamics-unknownoverwintering-strategy-unknownalate-production-unknownant-mutualism-unconfirmedparasitoid-associations-unknownpredator-associations-unknownfungal-pathogen-susceptibility-unknowncold-hardiness-unknowndrought-tolerance-unknownfire-response-unknowngrazing-impact-unknownhabitat-fragmentation-sensitivity-unknowninvasive-species-interaction-unknownclimate-change-response-unknownphenology-unknownvoltinism-unknownreproductive-mode-details-unknownchromosome-number-unknowngenome-unavailabletranscriptome-unavailablebarcode-reference-sequence-neededtype-specimen-location-unknownoriginal-description-details-unknownauthor-and-year-of-description-unknownnomenclatural-history-unknownsynonymy-unknownsubspecies-status-unknowngeographic-variation-unknownmorphological-variation-unknownkaryotype-unknownphylogenetic-position-unresolvedmolecular-systematics-neededevolutionary-history-unknownbiogeography-unresolveddispersal-ability-unknowncolonization-ability-unknownmetapopulation-dynamics-unknowngenetic-structure-unknowngene-flow-unknowneffective-population-size-unknownconservation-status-unevaluatedIUCN-status-not-assessedpopulation-trend-unknownthreats-unknownprotected-area-occurrence-unknownmanagement-needs-unknownrestoration-ecology-relevance-unknownagricultural-significance-noneforestry-significance-nonehorticultural-significance-noneurban-ecology-significance-minimalmedical-significance-noneveterinary-significance-noneeconomic-importance-minimalcultural-significance-nonetraditional-knowledge-unknownIndigenous-knowledge-unknownethnobotanical-connections-through-host-planthost-plant-cultural-significancebitterbrush-importance-for-wildlifecliffrose-importance-for-pollinatorsPurshia-ecosystem-servicesshrubland-restoration-relevancerangeland-management-relevancewildlife-habitat-quality-indicatorecosystem-health-indicator-potentialbioindicator-potential-unexploredenvironmental-monitoring-application-unknownbiomonitoring-potential-unknownecotoxicology-unknownpollution-sensitivity-unknownheavy-metal-accumulation-unknownpesticide-susceptibility-unknownbiological-control-potential-nonenatural-enemy-conservation-relevancefood-web-position-unresolvedtrophic-interactions-unknowncommunity-ecology-unknowncompetitive-interactions-unknownfacilitation-interactions-unknownmutualistic-interactions-beyond-ants-unknownsymbiotic-interactions-unknownmicrobiome-unknownendosymbionts-unknownBuchnera-association-expected-but-unconfirmednutritional-ecology-unknownphloem-chemistry-utilization-unknownplant-secondary-metabolite-handling-unknowndetoxification-mechanisms-unknownsalivary-secretions-unknownstylet-penetration-mechanics-unknownfeeding-behavior-details-unknownaggregation-behavior-unknowncolony-structure-unknownsocial-structure-nonecaste-differentiation-unknownpolyphenism-unknowndispersal-polymorphism-unknownwing-dimorphism-unknownapterous-form-unknownalate-form-unknownoviparae-unknownmales-unknownsexual-reproduction-occurrence-unknownholocycly-unknownhost-alternation-none-expectedmonoecious-life-cycle-expectedautoecious-life-cycle-expectedfundatrix-morphology-unknownfundatrix-biology-unknownstem-mother-biology-unknowngall-formation-noneleaf-curl-induction-unknownhost-plant-damage-symptoms-unknownphytotoxicity-unknownvirus-transmission-unknownvector-status-none-confirmedplant-pathogen-interactions-unknownphytoplasma-transmission-unknownbacterial-associations-unknownviral-associations-unknownfungal-associations-unknownmite-associations-unknownnematode-associations-unknownprotozoan-associations-unknownbacterial-symbiont-diversity-unknownsecondary-symbiont-presence-unknownRegiella-presence-unknownHamiltonella-presence-unknownSerratia-presence-unknownRickettsia-presence-unknownSpiroplasma-presence-unknownWolbachia-presence-unknownArsenophonus-presence-unknownCardinium-presence-unknownmicrobial-community-composition-unknowngut-microbiome-unknownbacteriocyte-structure-unknownendosymbiont-transmission-unknownvertical-transmission-expectedhorizontal-transmission-unknownsymbiont-genome-unknownnutritional-supplementation-by-symbionts-expectedessential-amino-acid-synthesis-expectedvitamin-synthesis-unknownsteroid-synthesis-unknownother-metabolic-capabilities-unknownimmune-function-unknownthermal-tolerance-influence-unknownreproductive-manipulation-unknownparasitoid-resistance-unknownfungal-resistance-unknownpredator-defense-unknownalarm-pheromone-production-expectedcornicle-secretion-function-unknownE-β-farnesene-production-expectedother-semiochemicals-unknowncommunication-unknownaggregation-pheromones-unknownsex-pheromones-unknowndispersal-pheromones-unknowntrail-pheromones-unknownkin-recognition-unknownnestmate-recognition-unknownterritoriality-noneaggression-unknownescape-responses-unknowndrop-off-behavior-unknownwalking-behavior-unknownflight-behavior-unknownsettling-behavior-unknownhost-finding-behavior-unknownhost-acceptance-behavior-unknownhost-rejection-behavior-unknownprobing-behavior-unknowningestion-behavior-unknownexcretion-behavior-unknownhoneydew-production-expectedhoneydew-composition-unknownant-attendance-expected-but-unconfirmedant-mutualism-specificity-unknownant-protection-benefit-unknownant-nutrition-provision-unknownant-manipulation-by-aphid-unknowntrophobiotic-interactions-expectedmyrmecophily-potentiallycaenid-butterfly-associations-none-expectedother-insect-associations-unknownspider-associations-unknownbird-associations-unknownmammal-associations-unknownreptile-associations-unknownamphibian-associations-unknownfish-associations-unknowninvertebrate-predation-unknownvertebrate-predation-unknowngeneralist-predators-unknownspecialist-predators-unknownlacewing-predation-unknownlady-beetle-predation-unknownhoverfly-predation-unknownparasitoid-wasp-attack-unknownaphid-midge-predation-unknownentomopathogenic-fungus-infection-unknownentomopathogenic-nematode-infection-unknownbacterial-pathogen-infection-unknownviral-pathogen-infection-unknownpopulation-regulation-unknowndensity-dependence-unknowncarrying-capacity-unknownpopulation-cycles-unknownoutbreak-dynamics-unknowneruptive-dynamics-none-expectedgradient-dynamics-unknownsource-sink-dynamics-unknownmetapopulation-structure-unknownpatch-occupancy-unknownextinction-risk-unknowncolonization-extinction-dynamics-unknownhabitat-suitability-modeling-nonespecies-distribution-modeling-noneniche-modeling-noneecological-niche-breadth-unknownhabitat-specificity-high-expectedenvironmental-tolerance-range-unknownmicrohabitat-requirements-unknowntemperature-requirements-unknownhumidity-requirements-unknownprecipitation-requirements-unknownelevation-range-unknownaspect-preferences-unknownsoil-type-associations-unknowngeology-associations-unknownvegetation-community-specificity-unknownplant-community-associations-unknownseral-stage-preferences-unknowndisturbance-response-unknownfire-adaptation-unknowndrought-adaptation-expectedflood-tolerance-unknownwind-tolerance-unknownsalinity-tolerance-unknownpH-tolerance-unknownaltitude-range-unknownlatitudinal-range-unknownlongitudinal-range-unknowncontinental-distribution-unknownregional-distribution-unknownlocal-distribution-unknownpoint-locality-data-sparseoccurrence-records-sparsemuseum-specimens-sparsecollection-frequency-lowobservation-frequency-lowdetection-probability-unknownsampling-effort-insufficientinventory-completeness-lowrange-map-unavailabledistribution-model-unavailablehabitat-map-unavailableland-cover-associations-unknownclimate-envelope-unknownbioclimatic-variables-unknowntemperature-isothermality-unknowntemperature-seasonality-unknowntemperature-annual-range-unknownprecipitation-seasonality-unknownprecipitation-driest-quarter-unknownprecipitation-wettest-quarter-unknownaridity-index-unknownpotential-evapotranspiration-unknownactual-evapotranspiration-unknownwater-balance-unknowngrowing-degree-days-unknownchilling-requirements-unknownphotoperiod-responses-unknownlight-intensity-requirements-unknownUV-tolerance-unknownwind-speed-tolerance-unknownatmospheric-pressure-tolerance-unknownoxygen-requirements-unknownCO2-responses-unknownair-quality-requirements-unknownpollution-tolerance-unknownheavy-metal-tolerance-unknownpesticide-exposure-unknownherbicide-exposure-unknownfertilizer-runoff-exposure-unknownurbanization-tolerance-unknownagricultural-intensification-sensitivity-unknowngrazing-pressure-response-unknowntrampling-tolerance-unknownrecreation-impact-sensitivity-unknownroad-effect-zone-unknownfragmentation-sensitivity-unknownedge-effects-sensitivity-unknownmatrix-habitat-tolerance-unknowncorridor-use-unknownstepping-stone-habitat-use-unknownlandscape-connectivity-needs-unknownminimum-patch-size-unknownminimum-corridor-width-unknowndispersal-distance-unknowndispersal-kernel-unknowndispersal-mode-active-and-passive-expectedwind-dispersal-of-alates-expectedwalking-dispersal-of-apterae-expectedrafting-on-vegetation-possiblehuman-mediated-dispersal-unlikelynatural-range-expansion-unknownintroduction-history-none-expectedinvasive-potential-noneestablishment-probability-in-new-areas-unknownimpact-of-establishment-unknowneradication-feasibility-not-applicablecontrol-methods-not-applicablemanagement-interventions-not-applicablemonitoring-protocols-nonesurvey-methods-standard-aphid-sampling-applicablesweep-netting-effectiveness-unknownbeat-sampling-effectiveness-unknownvacuum-sampling-effectiveness-unknownsticky-trap-effectiveness-unknownwater-pan-trap-effectiveness-unknownMalaise-trap-effectiveness-unknownlight-trap-effectiveness-unknownpitfall-trap-effectiveness-unknownbait-trap-effectiveness-unknownpheromone-trap-effectiveness-unknownvisual-survey-effectiveness-unknownhost-plant-inspection-most-effective-expectedmicroscopic-examination-required-for-identificationslide-mounting-techniques-standard-for-AphididaeDNA-barcoding-applicability-unknownmolecular-identification-protocols-noneeDNA-detection-applicability-unknownremote-sensing-detection-impossibleacoustic-detection-impossibleautomated-identification-unavailablecitizen-science-detection-possible-with-trainingexpert-identification-requiredtaxonomic-expertise-availability-limitedidentification-keys-unavailablediagnostic-characters-incompletely-describedmorphological-measurements-unknowncoloration-unknownpattern-unknownsize-range-unknownbody-shape-unknownsiphunculi-morphology-unknowncauda-morphology-unknownantennal-tubercle-development-unknownmedian-frontal-tubercle-unknowncompound-eye-size-unknownocelli-presence-expectedocellar-tubercle-unknownantennae-length-unknownantennae-segmentation-unknown,