Zopheridae
Guides
Acolobicus erichsoni
Acolobicus erichsoni is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae. It is known from limited distributional records in North America and Middle America. The species was described by Reitter in 1877. Available information on this species is sparse, with only four observations documented on iNaturalist and minimal published biological data.
Aulonium
Aulonium is a genus of cylindrical bark beetles in the family Zopheridae, subfamily Colydiinae. Members are predators of other bark beetles and have been studied for their potential role in biological control. The genus contains approximately 17 described species distributed across multiple continents. At least one species, Aulonium ruficorne, has been documented as a specialized predator within bark beetle galleries.
Aulonium ferrugineum
Aulonium ferrugineum is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae. It is found in North America.
Aulonium tuberculatum
Aulonium tuberculatum is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1863 and is known from North America. The species belongs to the genus Aulonium, a group of bark beetles characterized by their elongated, cylindrical body form.
Bitoma crenata
Crenate Cylindrical Bark Beetle
Bitoma crenata is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae. It has a transatlantic distribution, occurring in both North America and Europe. The species was originally described by Fabricius in 1775 under the name Lyctus crenatus. It is one of the more frequently observed species in its genus, with over 1,000 documented observations on iNaturalist.
Bitoma gracilis
Bitoma gracilis is a small beetle species in the family Zopheridae, first described by Sharp in 1894. It belongs to a genus of cylindrical bark beetles found in forested habitats. The species has been recorded from both North America and Middle America, though specific details about its biology remain poorly documented.
Bitoma neglecta
Bitoma neglecta is a cylindrical bark beetle described by Stephan in 1989. It belongs to the family Zopheridae, a group of beetles commonly known as cylindrical bark beetles or ironclad beetles. The species is known from Central America and North America.
Bitoma vittata
Bitoma vittata is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae, first described by Schaeffer in 1907. It is found in North America. The species belongs to a genus of beetles associated with dead wood habitats.
Coxelus
cylindrical bark beetles
Coxelus is a genus of cylindrical bark beetles in the family Zopheridae, established by Dejean in 1821. The genus comprises approximately 10 described species distributed across multiple continents. Members are classified within the subfamily Colydiinae and tribe Synchitini. The genus has been documented in Denmark and other regions, with 45 observations recorded on iNaturalist.
Coxelus longus
Coxelus longus is a species of beetle in the family Zopheridae. The species name "longus" (Latin for "long") suggests an elongated body form. Members of the genus Coxelus are typically found in association with decaying wood and are part of the diverse beetle fauna of the order Coleoptera.
Coxelus serratus
Coxelus serratus is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae, first described by George Henry Horn in 1885. The species belongs to a group of beetles adapted to life under bark, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. It is known from scattered records across North America.
Endeitoma
Endeitoma is a genus of cylindrical bark beetles in the family Zopheridae, established by Sharp in 1894. The genus contains at least two described species in North America: Endeitoma dentata and Endeitoma granulata. These beetles are part of the diverse zopherid fauna associated with dead or decaying wood.
Endeitoma dentata
cylindrical bark beetle
Endeitoma dentata is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae. It is found in North America. The species was described by Horn in 1885. Very little specific information is available about its biology or ecology.
Eucicones marginalis
Eucicones marginalis is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae, described by Melsheimer in 1846. The genus Eucicones belongs to the subfamily Colydiinae, a group commonly known as cylindrical bark beetles due to their elongated, parallel-sided body form. Members of this family are primarily associated with dead and decaying wood, where they feed on fungi or are predatory on other wood-inhabiting insects. The species is documented from North America, with records from Ontario, Canada.
Eudesma
Eudesma is a genus of cylindrical bark beetles in the family Zopheridae, established by LeConte in 1863. The genus contains a single described species, Eudesma undulata. These beetles belong to a group of primarily wood-associated beetles characterized by their compact, cylindrical body form.
Hyporhagus
opossum beetles
Hyporhagus is a genus of opossum beetles in the family Zopheridae, established by Thomson in 1860. The genus contains approximately six described species distributed across North America. These beetles belong to the group commonly known as "opossum beetles" or "ironclad beetles," recognized for their heavily sclerotized exoskeletons. Species have been recorded from the southwestern United States through Mexico.
Hyporhagus punctulatus
opossum beetle
Hyporhagus punctulatus is a species of opossum beetle in the family Zopheridae, described by Thomson in 1860. The species is native to North America. Members of the genus Hyporhagus are commonly referred to as opossum beetles due to their defensive behavior of feigning death when disturbed. Like other zopherid beetles, they are typically found in association with dead or decaying wood.
Lasconotus borealis
Boreal Ironclad Beetle
Lasconotus borealis is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae, distributed across northern North America including Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and other parts of Canada. The species belongs to a genus characterized by heavily sclerotized, cylindrical bodies. Very little detailed biological information has been published for this specific species.
Lasconotus intricatus
Intricate Ironclad Beetle
Lasconotus intricatus is a cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae, found in North America. It is attracted to the aggregation pheromone of the four-eyed spruce bark beetle, Polygraphus rufipennis, suggesting a close ecological association with this bark beetle species. The beetle shows temporal synchrony with P. rufipennis in spring and summer activity patterns.
Lasconotus subcostulatus
cylindrical bark beetle
Lasconotus subcostulatus is a cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae, first described by Kraus in 1912. It is distributed across North America. As a member of the genus Lasconotus, it belongs to a group of beetles associated with dead and decaying wood. Detailed biological studies specifically targeting this species are limited.
Lobogestoria gibbicollis
Lobogestoria gibbicollis is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae, first described by Reitter in 1878. The genus Lobogestoria is small and poorly documented, with limited published information on its biology. The species epithet "gibbicollis" refers to a humped or swollen pronotum. Records indicate presence in the Caribbean and North and South America, though specific habitat associations and ecological details remain largely unstudied.
Lyreus alleni
Lyreus alleni is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae. It was described by Ivie and Slipinski in 2001. The species is known from North America.
Megataphrus arizonicus
Megataphrus arizonicus is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae, first described by Stephan in 1989. The species is known from North America, with the specific epithet suggesting an association with Arizona. As a member of the cylindrical bark beetles, it belongs to a group adapted for life under bark and in wood-decaying habitats.
Megataphrus tenuicornis
Megataphrus tenuicornis is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae, described by Casey in 1890. It is found in North America. As a member of the genus Megataphrus, it belongs to a group of beetles characterized by their association with bark habitats. The species is rarely encountered in collections, with only 7 observations documented on iNaturalist.
Monoedus guttatus
Monoedus guttatus is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae. It was described by LeConte in 1882. The species is distributed in the Caribbean and North America. As a member of the cylindrical bark beetle group, it is associated with dead wood and bark habitats.
Monommatini
monommatid beetles, opossum beetles
Monommatini is a tribe of beetles within the ironclad beetle family Zopheridae, containing approximately 15 genera and 300 described species. These beetles are found worldwide, with highest diversity in Madagascar. They are strongly associated with decaying plant matter, particularly the dry rotting cambium of trees and plants in the family Agavaceae. Historically treated as a separate family (Monommidae) or subfamily (Monommatinae), they are now classified as a tribe within Zopherinae. Recent authors have proposed the common name 'opossum beetles' for this group.
Namunaria
Namunaria is a genus of cylindrical bark beetles in the family Zopheridae, established by Edmund Reitter in 1882. The genus contains at least two confirmed species in North America (N. guttulata and N. pacifica), with additional species reported from Australia, Asia, and other regions. These beetles are characterized by their cylindrical body form, an adaptation for living under bark. The genus belongs to the diverse group of bark beetles within Zopheridae, though specific biological details remain poorly documented for most species.
Namunaria pacifica
Namunaria pacifica is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae, first described by Horn in 1878. It is one of approximately 20 species in the genus Namunaria, which belongs to the tribe Synchitini. The species is found in western North America, with records from British Columbia, Canada. Like other members of its genus, it is associated with dead wood habitats.
Paha
Paha is a genus of beetles in the family Zopheridae, first described by Dajoz in 1984. The genus is part of the order Coleoptera and is currently accepted in taxonomic databases. Information about species within this genus and their biology remains limited in available sources.
Paha laticollis
cylindrical bark beetle
Paha laticollis is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae. It is found in North America. The species was described by LeConte in 1863. Limited information is available regarding its biology and ecology.
Phellopsini
Phellopsini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Zopheridae, subfamily Zopherinae. Members of this tribe are characterized by their heavily sclerotized, often sculptured exoskeletons and compact body forms. The tribe was established by Ślipiński & Lawrence in 1999 based on phylogenetic analysis of Zopheridae. Phellopsini contains several genera distributed primarily in the Southern Hemisphere.
Phellopsis
Phellopsis is a genus of zopherid beetles established by J.L. LeConte in 1862. The genus contains approximately seven recognized species distributed across North America and Asia. North American species P. obcordata and P. porcata are vicariant taxa restricted to old growth boreal forests of eastern and western North America, respectively. These species were historically confused until a 2008 revision clarified their distinct status. Asian species include P. amurensis (Russian Far East to Korea), P. suberea (Japan), P. chinense (west-central China), and P. yulongensis (Yunnan Province).
Phloeodes
diabolical ironclad beetle
Phloeodes is a genus of ironclad beetles in the family Zopheridae, native to western North America. The genus includes the well-known species Phloeodes diabolicus, commonly called the diabolical ironclad beetle, which has attracted scientific attention for its exceptional mechanical durability. Members of this genus are flightless, have heavily sclerotized exoskeletons, and feed on fungi growing under tree bark. The genus has been synonymized with Nosoderma in some taxonomic treatments, though Phloeodes remains in widespread use.
Phloeodes plicatus
Wrinkled Ironclad Beetle
Phloeodes plicatus, commonly known as the Wrinkled Ironclad Beetle, is a flightless beetle in the family Zopheridae. It is closely related to Phloeodes diabolicus, the diabolical ironclad beetle, and shares the remarkable structural durability characteristic of this genus. The species has been reclassified under the genus Nosoderma in some taxonomic treatments.
Phloeonemus
Phloeonemus is a genus of cylindrical bark beetles in the family Zopheridae, established by Erichson in 1845. The genus contains at least three described species: P. catenulatus, P. interruptus, and P. martorelli. These beetles are associated with bark habitats, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. Members of this genus are rarely encountered in collections and field observations.
Phloeonemus interruptus
Interrupted Ironclad Beetle
Phloeonemus interruptus is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae, commonly known as the Interrupted Ironclad Beetle. It belongs to a group of beetles known for their hardened, protective exoskeletons. The species has been documented in both Central America and North America, though detailed biological information remains limited.
Pycnomerini
Pycnomerini is a tribe of beetles in the family Zopheridae, subfamily Zopherinae, first described by Erichson in 1845. The tribe includes the genus Pycnomerus, whose members are primarily saproxylic, inhabiting dead and decaying wood in forest ecosystems. Some species, such as P. rimatara and P. prebblei from Rimatara in French Polynesia, are known only from subfossil material and are considered likely extinct due to habitat destruction. The tribe has a global distribution with documented observations across multiple regions.
Pycnomerus
ironclad beetles
Pycnomerus is a genus of ironclad beetles (family Zopheridae) comprising more than 20 described species. Members are small, elongated beetles with hardened, often sculptured exoskeletons typical of the family. The genus includes both widespread and highly restricted species, with some island endemics now considered extinct due to habitat loss. Several species are associated with dead wood habitats and are classified as saproxylic.
Pycnomerus reflexus
Reflexed Ironclad Beetle
Pycnomerus reflexus is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae. It is characterized by the heavily sclerotized, hardened exoskeleton typical of this group. The species occurs across North America. It was first described by Thomas Say in 1826.
Rhagodera
cylindrical bark beetles
Rhagodera is a genus of cylindrical bark beetles in the family Zopheridae, established by Mannerheim in 1843. The genus comprises at least four described species distributed in North America. Members of this genus are classified within the tribe Rhagoderini and subfamily Colydiinae. These beetles are associated with bark habitats, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Rhagodera texana
A species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae, described by Stephan in 1989. The genus Rhagodera is a small group of beetles associated with dead wood habitats. As a member of the Zopheridae, this species likely shares the family's characteristic heavily sclerotized body form and association with decaying wood, though specific natural history details for this species remain poorly documented.
Rhagodera tuberculata
cylindrical bark beetle
Rhagodera tuberculata is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae. It is found in North America. The species was described by Mannerheim in 1843. Very little detailed information about its biology, ecology, or specific habitat requirements has been documented in the available literature.
Sesaspis
Sesaspis is a genus of beetles in the family Zopheridae. The genus is part of the diverse beetle fauna of the order Coleoptera. Species within this genus are characterized by features typical of the Zopheridae family. Based on iNaturalist records, the genus has been documented in at least 202 observations.
Synchita lecontei
Synchita lecontei is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae. The genus Synchita comprises small, cylindrical beetles characterized by their heavily sclerotized exoskeletons. Very few observations of this species have been documented, with only four records in iNaturalist. The species epithet honors the American entomologist John Lawrence LeConte.
Synchitini
cylindrical bark beetles
Synchitini is a tribe of cylindrical bark beetles in the family Zopheridae, established by Redtenbacher in 1845. The tribe contains approximately 19 genera and at least 40 described species. Members of this group are characterized by their elongated, cylindrical body form adapted for living under bark. A fossil genus, †Paleoendeitoma, has been described from Burmese amber dating to the Cenomanian period.
Tanystoma diabolica
Diabolical Ironclad Beetle
Tanystoma diabolica, commonly known as the diabolical ironclad beetle, is a flightless beetle native to western North America. The species is renowned for exceptional mechanical durability, withstanding crushing forces up to 39,000 times its body weight. Its elytra feature densely layered, interlocking structures that inspired engineering research into tough, flexible materials. The beetle feeds on fungi growing beneath tree bark.
Usechimorpha
Usechimorpha is a genus of ironclad beetles in the family Zopheridae, established by Blaisdell in 1929. The genus contains at least three described species: Usechimorpha barberi, Usechimorpha montana, and Usechimorpha montanus. As members of Zopheridae, these beetles possess the heavily sclerotized exoskeletons characteristic of ironclad beetles. The genus appears to be rarely encountered, with limited observational records.
Usechimorpha barberi
Usechimorpha barberi is a species of ironclad beetle in the family Zopheridae. It was described by Blaisdell in 1929. The species is found in North America. Ironclad beetles in this family are known for their heavily sclerotized, armor-like exoskeletons.
Usechini
Usechini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Zopheridae, subfamily Zopherinae. The tribe was established by G.H. Horn in 1867. Members of this tribe are small to medium-sized beetles characterized by compact, often heavily sculptured bodies. The tribe is relatively poorly known, with limited published biological and ecological information available.
Usechus
ironclad beetles
Usechus is a genus of ironclad beetles in the family Zopheridae, established by Motschulsky in 1845. The genus contains at least two described species: Usechus lacerta and Usechus nucleatus. Members of this genus belong to the tribe Usechini within the subfamily Zopherinae. These beetles are part of the highly sclerotized ironclad beetle group known for their hardened, protective exoskeletons.