Myriapod
Guides
Allopauropus
Allopauropus is a genus of minute soil-dwelling myriapods in the class Pauropoda. These organisms belong to the order Tetramerocerata, characterized by four-segmented antennae. Pauropods are among the smallest myriapods, generally measuring under 2 mm in length, and are poorly studied due to their cryptic lifestyle in soil and leaf litter. The genus has been recorded from scattered localities across Europe, the Middle East, and South Asia.
Allopauropus carolinensis
Allopauropus carolinensis is a species of pauropod, a group of small, soil-dwelling myriapods in the class Pauropoda. Pauropods are among the least studied myriapod classes, characterized by their diminutive size and cryptic lifestyle in soil and leaf litter. The species was described by Starling in 1943 and is known from North America, with records from Ontario.
Apheloria virginiensis
Virginia cherry millipede, black-and-gold flat millipede, yellow and black flat millipede
Apheloria virginiensis is a large flat-backed millipede in the family Xystodesmidae, notable as the first myriapod described from North America in 1770. Adults range from 27–59 mm in length and exhibit striking aposematic coloration, typically black with yellow, pink, or orange spots on the paranota. This species secretes hydrogen cyanide and benzaldehyde as a chemical defense, producing a characteristic cherry or almond odor. It inhabits mesic deciduous and mixed forests in the piedmont and coastal plain regions of Virginia and North Carolina, where it contributes to leaf litter decomposition.
Arctogeophilus umbraticus
Arctogeophilus umbraticus is a soil-dwelling centipede in the family Geophilidae, first described from the United States in 1887. As a member of the order Geophilomorpha, it exhibits the elongated, multi-legged body form characteristic of this group. The species has been recorded in North America, though detailed biological studies remain limited. Its specific epithet 'umbraticus' suggests association with shaded or dark habitats.
Arenobius
Arenobius is a genus of lithobiomorph centipedes in the family Lithobiidae, established by Chamberlin in 1912. These centipedes belong to the stone centipede group, characterized by elongated bodies with 15 pairs of legs in adults. The genus is distinguished from related lithobiid genera primarily by subtle morphological features of the forcipules and tergite structure. Arenobius species are poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited species descriptions and biological studies available.
Arenophilus
Arenophilus is a genus of soil-dwelling centipedes in the family Geophilidae, order Geophilomorpha. These elongated, multi-legged arthropods inhabit terrestrial environments. The genus was established by Chamberlin in 1912. Members possess the characteristic features of geophilid centipedes, including numerous leg pairs and a fossorial lifestyle adapted to burrowing in soil and leaf litter.
Arenophilus bipuncticeps
Northern Short-clawed Centipede
Arenophilus bipuncticeps is a species of soil-dwelling centipede in the family Geophilidae, commonly known as the Northern Short-clawed Centipede. It belongs to the order Geophilomorpha, which comprises elongated, multi-legged centipedes adapted to burrowing in soil and leaf litter. The species was described by Wood in 1862 and is native to North America.
Arenophilus iugans
Arenophilus iugans is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae, described by Chamberlin in 1944. Like other members of the genus Arenophilus, it is characterized by adaptations to sandy habitats. The species is known from North America, though detailed ecological and biological information remains limited in the available literature.
Atopetholus
Atopetholus is a genus of millipedes in the family Atopetholidae, order Spirobolida. The genus was established by Chamberlin in 1918 and contains approximately eight described species, all distributed in western North America, particularly California. Species in this genus are cylindrical millipedes characteristic of the Atopetholidae family.
Bothropolys
Bothropolys is a genus of lithobiid centipedes established by Wood in 1862. The genus comprises approximately 30 valid species distributed across North America and East Asia, with notable diversity in China. Species are primarily associated with temperate forest habitats, ranging from low elevations to montane environments above 2000 meters. Members of this genus are characterized by specific morphological traits including particular arrangements of ocelli, coxosternal teeth, and tergite projections.
Brachycybe lecontii
Feather Millipede
Brachycybe lecontii is a small, eyeless, pink-colored millipede endemic to the eastern United States. It is one of the few known social millipedes, forming multi-generational colonies and distinctive "pinwheel" aggregations during feeding. Males exclusively provide paternal care of eggs during a 3–4 week incubation period; egg survival depends entirely on this care. The species is obligately fungivorous, feeding on diverse fungi, and possesses specialized cuticular structures possibly adapted for mycophagy.
Chilopoda
Centipedes
Chilopoda is a class of venomous, predatory arthropods comprising the centipedes. These elongated metameric animals possess one pair of legs per body segment, with leg counts ranging from 30 to 354 depending on species. Centipedes are distinguished from millipedes (class Diplopoda) by their single pair of legs per segment, flattened body profile, and venomous forcipules derived from modified first leg pairs. The class contains four extant orders: Scutigeromorpha (house centipedes), Lithobiomorpha (stone centipedes), Geophilomorpha (soil centipedes), and Scolopendromorpha (giant centipedes). All are obligate carnivores with predatory lifestyles.
Choctella cumminsi
Choctella cumminsi is a species of millipede in the family Choctellidae, described by Chamberlin in 1918. It is a member of the order Spirostreptida, a group of large-bodied millipedes commonly known as giant millipedes. The species is known from North America, with confirmed records from Tennessee. As with other members of its family, it is presumed to be a soil-dwelling detritivore, though specific ecological studies are limited.
Cleidogona major
Cleidogona major is a species of millipede in the family Cleidogonidae, order Chordeumatida. It was described by Cook and Collins in 1895. The species belongs to a group of small to medium-sized millipedes commonly known as "snake millipedes" or "bristly millipedes" in the order Chordeumatida, which are characterized by relatively short bodies compared to other millipede orders.
Cryptops leucopodus
Cryptops leucopodus is a species of centipede in the family Cryptopidae, first described by Rafinesque in 1820. It belongs to the order Scolopendromorpha, which includes some of the largest and most venomous centipedes. The species is known from North America, particularly the United States. As a member of the genus Cryptops, it shares the characteristic body plan of cryptopid centipedes, which typically possess 21 pairs of legs in adults.
Decapauropus lambertoni
Decapauropus lambertoni is a species of minute myriapod in the class Pauropoda, described by Remy in 1956. Pauropods are small, soft-bodied soil-dwelling arthropods rarely encountered due to their cryptic lifestyle. The genus Decapauropus is characterized by having ten legs (five pairs) in adults, distinguishing it from the more common eight-legged (four-paired) pauropods. This species has been recorded across disjunct regions including Africa, South America, and Southern Asia, suggesting either broad distribution or potential cryptic diversity requiring taxonomic revision.
Garriscaphus
Garriscaphus is a genus of soil-dwelling centipedes in the family Himantariidae, established by Chamberlin in 1941. Members of this genus belong to the order Geophilomorpha, characterized by elongated bodies with numerous leg pairs. The genus is part of a family distributed primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. Specific details about the biology and ecology of Garriscaphus remain poorly documented in published literature.
Garriscaphus amplus
Garriscaphus amplus is a species of soil centipede in the family Himantariidae, described by Chamberlin in 1941. As a member of the order Geophilomorpha, it is an elongate, multi-legged myriapod adapted for burrowing through soil and leaf litter. The genus Garriscaphus is poorly known, and this species has received limited study. Available records indicate it occurs in the United States, though specific ecological details remain largely undocumented.
Gonibius rex
Gonibius rex is a species of stone centipede in the family Lithobiidae, first described by Bollman in 1888. It belongs to the order Lithobiomorpha, a group of short-bodied centipedes commonly known as stone centipedes. The species has been recorded from Georgia and Tennessee in the southeastern United States. Like other lithobiids, it is a terrestrial predator inhabiting moist microhabitats.
Gosibius
Gosibius is a genus of lithobiomorph centipedes in the family Lithobiidae, established by Chamberlin in 1912. Members of this genus are epigean (surface-dwelling) stone centipedes found primarily in eastern Asia. Like other lithobiids, they possess 15 pairs of legs as adults and are fast-moving predators of small invertebrates. The genus contains multiple described species, though comprehensive taxonomic revision remains incomplete.
Gosibius paucidens
Gosibius paucidens is a lithobiomorph centipede in the family Lithobiidae, described by Wood in 1862. It belongs to a genus of small to medium-sized stone centipedes characterized by 15 pairs of legs in adults. The species has been recorded across a broad but disjunct North American range spanning from California to New Hampshire and south to the Gulf of California in Mexico. Despite its wide geographic distribution, detailed biological information remains limited.
Hemiscolopendra
bark centipedes
Hemiscolopendra is a genus of bark centipedes in the family Scolopendridae, comprising approximately six described species distributed across North, Central, and South America. These centipedes are commonly found in wooded habitats where they inhabit bark, leaf litter, and other decaying organic matter. The genus was established by Kraepelin in 1903 and represents a moderately diverse lineage within the large-bodied scolopendrid centipedes.
Julida
Snake Millipedes
Julida is an order of millipedes commonly known as snake millipedes due to their long, cylindrical body form. Members typically range from 10–120 mm in length and are characterized by having two pairs of legs per body segment, a trait distinguishing them from centipedes. The order exhibits considerable diversity with 593 species recorded from Europe alone, and includes families such as Julidae, Parajulidae, Blaniulidae, and Zosteractinidae. Many species are important decomposers in forest ecosystems.
Lamyctes caeculus
Lamyctes caeculus is a small lithobiomorph centipede in the family Henicopidae, first described by Brölemann in 1889. It is a cosmopolitan species with documented populations across multiple continents including South America, Australia, the Caribbean, and Africa. The species appears to thrive in human-modified environments and has been introduced to numerous oceanic islands. Its broad distribution pattern suggests anthropogenic dispersal, though some populations may represent native ranges.
Lithobiomorpha
Stone Centipedes
Lithobiomorpha, commonly known as stone centipedes, are an order of anamorphic centipedes characterized by a mature segment count of 15 trunk segments. They lack compound eyes, possessing instead simple ocelli or no eyes in some subterranean species. The order includes two families: Henicopidae and Lithobiidae. Members are primarily found in forest litter and soil habitats across temperate regions worldwide, with significant diversity in China and Europe.
Lithobius
stone centipedes, common centipedes, brown centipedes, typical stone centipedes
Lithobius is a large genus of centipedes in the family Lithobiidae, containing over 500 species and numerous subspecies. Adults possess 18 body segments and 15 pairs of legs, with body lengths ranging from approximately 2–5 cm. The genus was erected by William Elford Leach in 1814 and serves as the type genus for the family Lithobiidae. These centipedes are primarily nocturnal predators found in soil, leaf litter, and beneath stones or bark across temperate regions worldwide.
Lithobius microps
stone centipede
Lithobius microps is a small stone centipede in the family Lithobiidae, commonly found in gardens and woodland habitats across parts of North America and Europe. It is one of the most common centipedes in the northeastern United States and among the smallest centipedes in Britain. The species has been introduced to Tasmania.
Lithobius peregrinus
Peregrine Stone Centipede
Lithobius peregrinus is a stone centipede species first described in 1880 by Austrian myriapodologist Robert Latzel. The species has a cosmopolitan distribution with type locality in Dalmatia, Croatia. A 2022–2024 study of a troglophilic population in Gaura cu Muscă Cave, Romania documented significant morphological variations, asymmetries, and teratological features across 39 specimens. The species exhibits close water affinity and has been recorded in both surface and subterranean habitats.
Neolithobius
Neolithobius is a genus of stone centipedes in the family Lithobiidae. The genus was established by Stuxberg in 1875 and is distinguished by specific morphological features of the forcipules and tergites. Members are medium-sized lithobiomorph centipedes found in certain regions of Eurasia. The genus is relatively poorly known compared to the closely related Lithobius, with limited published ecological or behavioral data.
Nothembius
Nothembius is a genus of centipedes in the family Lithobiidae, established by Chamberlin in 1916. As lithobiomorph centipedes, members of this genus possess the characteristic elongated body plan with 15 pairs of legs in adults. The genus is part of the diverse lithobiid radiation in North America. Records indicate limited but documented occurrence, with observational data suggesting ongoing presence in specific regions.
Nothembius aberrans
Nothembius aberrans is a species of stone centipede in the family Lithobiidae, first described by Chamberlin in 1916. It is a small, soil-dwelling centipede belonging to the order Lithobiomorpha, which contains the common stone centipedes. The species is known from California, USA, with limited published information available on its biology and ecology.
Nyctunguis
Nyctunguis is a genus of soil-dwelling centipedes in the family Schendylidae, order Geophilomorpha. These elongate, multi-legged arthropods inhabit subterranean environments. The genus was established by Chamberlin in 1914 and contains multiple described species.
Okeanobates
Okeanobates is a genus of millipedes in the family Okeanobatidae, order Julida. It was established by Verhoeff in 1939 and is the type genus of its family. The genus has been recorded in Japan and the United States, though specific species-level information remains limited.
Okeanobatidae
Okeanobatidae is a family of millipedes in the order Julida, established by Verhoeff in 1942. The family contains two genera: Okeanobates and Yosidaiulus. Records indicate presence in Japan and the United States, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
Orthoporus texicolens
Orthoporus texicolens is a millipede species in the family Spirostreptidae, described by Chamberlin in 1938. It belongs to a genus of large, cylindrical millipedes commonly known as desert millipedes. The species is distributed across Central America and North America. Like other members of its genus, it is likely a detritivore adapted to arid and semi-arid environments.
Paitobius
Paitobius is a genus of centipedes in the family Lithobiidae, order Lithobiomorpha. It was established by Chamberlin in 1912. The genus is part of the diverse stone centipede group, characterized by elongated bodies with 15 pairs of legs in adults. Records in iNaturalist suggest limited but documented observations of these arthropods.
Pauropoda
pauropodans, pauropods
Pauropoda is a class of minute, soft-bodied myriapods comprising approximately 900 species across twelve families worldwide. These animals are characterized by reduced leg numbers compared to other myriapods—most adults possess only nine pairs of legs—and distinctive branching antennae. They inhabit soil and leaf litter environments globally, with documented occurrences from tropical regions to subantarctic islands. Pauropods are gonochoric and exhibit hemianamorphosis, adding leg pairs through successive molts until reaching adult form.
Pauropus huxleyi
Pauropus huxleyi is a species of minute myriapod in the class Pauropoda, described by Lubbock in 1867. Pauropods are small, soft-bodied arthropods typically less than 2 mm in length, characterized by 9–11 pairs of legs and distinctive branched antennae. The species name honors Thomas Henry Huxley, the prominent 19th-century biologist and supporter of Darwin's theory of evolution. P. huxleyi has been recorded across multiple continents including Australia, Europe, and North America.
Pleuroloma cala
Pleuroloma cala is a flat-backed millipede in the family Xystodesmidae, endemic to peninsular Florida south of the Suwannee River. It is one of four recognized species in the genus Pleuroloma, distinguished from the widespread P. flavipes by subtle morphological differences in segmental profile, sternal configuration, and male gonopod structure. The species was originally described as Zinaria cala by Chamberlin in 1939.
Pokabius
Pokabius is a genus of stone centipedes in the family Lithobiidae, established by Chamberlin in 1912. These centipedes belong to the order Lithobiomorpha, a group characterized by having 15 pairs of legs as adults. The genus is part of a diverse family of epigeic (surface-dwelling) centipedes found primarily in temperate regions. Taxonomic sources differ on its rank, with some treating it as a subgenus within a broader Lithobiidae classification. The genus has been documented through limited but verified observations.
Polydesmida
Flat-backed Millipedes
Polydesmida is the largest order of millipedes, containing over 5,000 described species. Members are commonly known as flat-backed millipedes due to the presence of lateral keels (paranota) on most body segments. This order includes all millipedes known to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN) as a chemical defense. Polydesmids are found on every continent except Antarctica and exhibit the highest morphological diversity among millipede orders. They are characterized by a unique developmental mode called teloanamorphosis, in which adults reach a fixed number of segments and cease molting.
Polyxenidae
pincushion millipedes, bristly millipedes
Polyxenidae is a family of small millipedes in the subclass Penicillata, characterized by distinctive bundles of bristles (setae) at the posterior end. Adults range from 1.2–4.2 mm in length and possess 13 pairs of legs with 10 tergites anterior to the telson. The family contains approximately 109 species across 23 genera, distributed worldwide except Antarctica. Males produce spermatophores delivered via specialized pores on leg pairs 6–11.
Polyxenus
Polyxenus is a genus of bristly millipedes in the order Polyxenida, the sole extant genus of the family Polyxenidae. These small millipedes are characterized by their distinctive tufts of setae (bristles) and are notable for being among the most morphologically derived millipedes, having lost many ancestral diplopod traits. The genus contains at least 30 valid species and has a broad geographic distribution across multiple continents. Polyxenus species are frequently found in association with ants, serving as either symbionts or specialized prey.
Polyzoniida
camphor millipedes
Polyzoniida is an order of millipedes in the subterclass Colobognatha, containing three families (Hirudisomatidae, Polyzoniidae, Siphonotidae) and more than 70 described species. These millipedes are commonly known as camphor millipedes due to the strong camphor-like odor of their defensive secretions. They range from 4–50 mm in length, typically 10–15 mm, with a domed dorsal surface and flat ventral side. Their defensive chemistry has ecological significance: poison frogs in South America and Madagascar have been observed to sequester toxins from these millipedes.
Pseudopolydesmus canadensis
Canadian Flat-back Millipede, Canadian flat-backed millipede
Pseudopolydesmus canadensis is a species of flat-backed millipede in the family Polydesmidae, characterized by a prominent black mid-dorsal stripe running along its body. The species is native to North America, with established populations in Canada and the United States, and has been introduced to Europe including Germany. It is one of the more commonly observed millipede species in its range, with over 2,200 documented observations on community science platforms.
Schendyla nemorensis
Common Schendyla
Schendyla nemorensis is a small geophilomorph centipede in the family Schendylidae, first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1836. It is one of the most frequently observed centipedes in its range, with over 800 iNaturalist records. The species exhibits notable sexual dimorphism in leg count, with males possessing fewer leg pairs than females. It has been introduced from its native Palearctic range to Tasmania.
Scolopendra alternans
Haitian giant centipede, Caribbean giant centipede, Florida Keys centipede
Scolopendra alternans is a large centipede in the family Scolopendridae, historically known from the Caribbean and northern South America. Recent taxonomic revision has restricted its confirmed range after resurrection of S. longipes and S. cubensis from synonymy. The species reaches 17–19 cm in length and exhibits highly variable coloration across its range. It gained public attention after a documented fatal interaction with the rare rim rock crown snake (Tantilla oolitica) in Florida.
Scolopocryptops gracilis
Western Fire Centipede
Scolopocryptops gracilis is a centipede species in the family Scolopocryptopidae, commonly known as the Western Fire Centipede. It occurs in western North America from Mexico through the United States. The species has been documented in at least 1,200 observations on iNaturalist, indicating it is relatively frequently encountered in its range. It belongs to an order of large, predatory centipedes but is distinguished from the more widely known Scolopendridae by family-level characteristics.
Scolopocryptops spinicaudus
Thorn-tailed Bark Centipede
Scolopocryptops spinicaudus is a centipede species first described by Wood in 1862. It belongs to the family Scolopocryptopidae within the order Scolopendromorpha. The species is known by the common name Thorn-tailed Bark Centipede and has been recorded across North America and parts of southern Asia including Japan. It is one of the more frequently observed centipedes in its range, with over 1,500 citizen science observations documented.
Scytonotus
Scytonotus is a genus of flat-backed millipedes in the family Polydesmidae, containing approximately 17 described species. The genus was established by C.L. Koch in 1847. Members of this genus are part of the diverse order Polydesmida, which includes millipedes with flattened bodies and lateral extensions of their dorsal plates (paranota). Species in this genus are poorly documented in scientific literature, with limited ecological and behavioral data available.
Sigmoria bidens
Sigmoria bidens is a species of flat-backed millipede in the family Xystodesmidae, described by Causey in 1942. It belongs to the order Polydesmida, one of the largest orders of millipedes, characterized by their flattened bodies and keeled tergites. The genus Sigmoria is part of the tribe Apheloriini within the subfamily Rhysodesminae. Very few observations of this species have been documented, with only 8 records in iNaturalist as of the knowledge cutoff.
Siphonophorida
Snout Millipedes
Siphonophorida is an order of millipedes in the subclass Colobognatha containing two families: Siphonophoridae and Siphonorhinidae. These millipedes are characterized by super-elongated, worm-like bodies with up to 190 segments and extreme numbers of legs—up to 750 in Illacme plenipes, the leggiest animal known. They lack eyes and exhibit euanamorphosis, adding segments throughout life even after sexual maturity. The order shows a scattered, disjunct distribution across multiple continents including North America, South America, Africa, Madagascar, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia.
Strigamia bidens
A soil-dwelling centipede in the family Linotaeniidae. Like other members of the order Geophilomorpha, it possesses an elongated, highly segmented body with numerous legs. The species was described by Wood in 1862 and is documented from the United States.
Strigamia branneri
Strigamia branneri is a soil-dwelling centipede in the family Linotaeniidae, described by Bollman in 1888. It belongs to the order Geophilomorpha, which comprises elongated, burrowing centipedes with high numbers of leg pairs. The species is known from the United States.
Strigamia epileptica
Strigamia epileptica is a species of soil-dwelling centipede in the family Linotaeniidae, first described by Wood in 1862. It belongs to the order Geophilomorpha, characterized by elongated bodies with numerous leg pairs. The species is known from the United States and is part of the diverse Strigamia genus, which contains multiple North American species. Like other geophilomorph centipedes, it is adapted to life in soil and leaf litter environments.
Strigamia fusata
Strigamia fusata is a species of soil-dwelling centipede in the family Linotaeniidae, originally described from Mexico in 1903 by Attems as Diplochora fusata and later transferred to Strigamia. The species belongs to a genus characterized by distinctive morphological features including a conspicuous basal denticle on the forcipular tarsungulum and paired ventral pore areas on trunk segments. Like other Strigamia species, it likely exhibits substantial variation in leg number, with the genus ranging from 31 to 83 pairs.
Symphyla
Symphylans, Garden centipedes, Pseudocentipedes
Symphylans are small, cryptic, soil-dwelling myriapods that resemble centipedes but are non-venomous and only distantly related. They range from 2 to 13 mm in length, lack eyes and pigment, and possess 12 pairs of legs as adults. These arthropods are rapid runners that move through soil pores and are found from the surface to depths of about 50 cm. More than 200 species are known worldwide, with populations reaching up to 88 million per acre in favorable conditions.
Symphylella
Symphylella is a genus of symphylans in the family Scolopendrellidae, comprising approximately 49 cosmopolitan species of minute soil-dwelling arthropods. These myriapods inhabit soil and litter layers of broad-leaf and bamboo forests, where they are extracted using Berlese-Tullgren funnels. The genus is characterized by diagnostic morphological features including chaetotaxy patterns on the frons and tergites, with recent taxonomic work identifying two morphological groups based on inserted setae patterns on tergal processes.
Taiyuna
Taiyuna is a genus of soil-dwelling centipedes in the family Geophilidae, established by Chamberlin in 1912. Members are elongate, multi-legged arthropods adapted to burrowing in soil and leaf litter. The genus belongs to the order Geophilomorpha, which contains the most species-rich group of centipedes. Observations are relatively sparse, with limited published natural history information available.
Taiyuna isantus
Taiyuna isantus is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae, order Geophilomorpha. It was described by Chamberlin in 1909 based on specimens from the United States. Like other geophilomorph centipedes, it is likely an elongate, multi-legged arthropod adapted to burrowing in soil and leaf litter. The genus Taiyuna contains multiple species distributed in North America, but detailed biological studies of T. isantus specifically remain limited.
Taiyuna moderata
Taiyuna moderata is a soil-dwelling centipede in the family Geophilidae, first described by Chamberlin in 1941. It belongs to the order Geophilomorpha, a group characterized by elongated bodies with numerous leg pairs. The species is known from the United States, with records indicating presence in North America. Limited published information exists regarding its biology and ecology.
Theatops
Theatops is a genus of centipedes in the family Cryptopidae, order Scolopendromorpha. Species in this genus are found in North America, southern Europe, and Asia. The genus includes Theatops posticus, a common eastern Nearctic species with a disjunct western population, and Theatops chuanensis, the first Asian record of the family. Theatops species possess distinctive morphological features including modified ultimate legs, with some species exhibiting ventral spurs on the prefemora and femora.
Theatops posticus
Big-leg Centipede
Theatops posticus is a common eastern Nearctic centipede in the family Cryptopidae. It exhibits a continental distribution pattern with eastern and western populations segregated by approximately 1,200 km in Texas and New Mexico. The species has been recorded from Santa Cruz Island in the Pacific Ocean off the southern California coast. Southwestern populations show morphological variation intermediate between eastern T. posticus and the congener T. californiensis.
Zygethobius
Zygethobius is a genus of centipedes in the family Henicopidae, order Lithobiomorpha. These small to medium-sized centipedes are characterized by 15 pairs of legs as adults, a defining trait of the order. The genus was established by Chamberlin in 1903 and contains species primarily found in western North America. Members of this genus are terrestrial predators adapted to specific microhabitats.
Zygona duplex
Zygona duplex is a species of soil-dwelling centipede in the family Geophilidae, described by Chamberlin in 1960. It belongs to the order Geophilomorpha, which comprises the most diverse group of centipedes characterized by their elongated, worm-like bodies with numerous leg pairs. The species is known from the United States.