Lithobius
Lithobius
Classification
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Subphylum: Myriapoda
- Class: Chilopoda
- Order: Lithobiomorpha
- Family: Lithobiidae
- Genus: Lithobius
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Lithobius: //lɪˈθoʊbiəs//
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
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Summary
Lithobius is a large genus of stone centipedes known for their brown color, nocturnal behavior, and predation on small invertebrates. They are commonly found throughout Europe, with many species still undescribed.
Physical Characteristics
Lithobius species are typically 2–5 centimetres long and brownish in color. They have 18 body segments and 15 pairs of legs. A distinctive feature includes the dispersed openings of coxal glands located on the last pair of legs.
Identification Tips
Look for the brownish color and the characteristic number of body segments and legs. They are commonly found under stones or bark and in soil.
Habitat
Lithobius centipedes inhabit soil, decaying matter, and are often found under stones or bark. Some species are common in gardens.
Distribution
Lithobius is prevalent in Europe, with Lithobius forficatus being one of the most abundant species on the continent.
Diet
Lithobius species feed on insects and other small invertebrates.
Life Cycle
The lifespan of Lithobius can exceed 3 years and eggs are laid singly in soil.
Reproduction
Eggs are deposited singly in the soil.
Ecosystem Role
Lithobius species play a role as predators in the soil ecosystem, helping to control populations of small invertebrates.
Collecting Methods
- Hand collection under stones or bark
- Soil sifting
Preservation Methods
- Ethanol preservation
- Drying specimens
Evolution
The genus was established in 1814, with its name deriving from Greek roots meaning 'stone life'.
Similar Taxa
Misconceptions
They are often confused with more dangerous centipede species, but most Lithobius are harmless to humans.
Tags
- centipedes
- Lithobiidae
- brown centipedes
- European fauna