Lithobius

Classification

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Chilopoda
Order: Lithobiomorpha
Family: Lithobiidae
Genus: Lithobius

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Lithobius: //lɪˈθoʊbiəs//

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Summary

Lithobius is a large genus of stone centipedes known for their brown color, nocturnal behavior, and predation on small invertebrates. They are commonly found throughout Europe, with many species still undescribed.

Physical Characteristics

Lithobius species are typically 2–5 centimetres long and brownish in color. They have 18 body segments and 15 pairs of legs. A distinctive feature includes the dispersed openings of coxal glands located on the last pair of legs.

Identification Tips

Look for the brownish color and the characteristic number of body segments and legs. They are commonly found under stones or bark and in soil.

Habitat

Lithobius centipedes inhabit soil, decaying matter, and are often found under stones or bark. Some species are common in gardens.

Distribution

Lithobius is prevalent in Europe, with Lithobius forficatus being one of the most abundant species on the continent.

Diet

Lithobius species feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Life Cycle

The lifespan of Lithobius can exceed 3 years and eggs are laid singly in soil.

Reproduction

Eggs are deposited singly in the soil.

Ecosystem Role

Lithobius species play a role as predators in the soil ecosystem, helping to control populations of small invertebrates.

Collecting Methods

Hand collection under stones or bark
Soil sifting

Preservation Methods

Ethanol preservation
Drying specimens

Evolution

The genus was established in 1814, with its name deriving from Greek roots meaning 'stone life'.

Similar Taxa

Misconceptions

They are often confused with more dangerous centipede species, but most Lithobius are harmless to humans.