Cyclostome
Guides
Braconinae
Braconinae is a large subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps comprising more than 2,000 described species. Members are small to medium-sized wasps, typically dark in coloration though some exhibit red, orange, or pale coloration. They possess cyclostome mouthparts and females usually have a long ovipositor. The subfamily is found worldwide with highest diversity in the Paleotropical region.
parasitoididiobiontectoparasitoidbiocontrolcyclostomeovipositorPaleotropical-diversityLepidoptera-parasitoidColeoptera-parasitoidconcealed-host-larvaevenom-paralysisBracon-brevicornisAtanycolusBaryproctusBraconCeratobraconCoeloidesGlyptomorphaIphiaulaxPseudovipioVipioMegalommumPhylogeny-of-the-Braconinaetribal-classificationAphrastobraconiniBraconiniCoeloidiniCompsobraconiniTropobraconiniVirgulibraconiniAdeshiniArgamaniiniBathyaulaciniEuurobraconiniGlyptomorphiniGnathobraconiniPhysaraiiniRhammuriniVaepelliniMyosotiseiniAspidobraconiniCeratobraconiniVipioniniIphiaulaciniAcanthobraconiniTurkeyIranChinaThailandPakistanAnatoliapistachio-longhorn-beetleCalchaenesthes-pistacivoraScolytidaeCurculionidaeBuprestidaeconiferous-treesbroadleaved-treesMalaise-traplight-trappinghost-carrying-behaviorPycnobraconoidesTrigastrothecaPhysaraiaNesaulaxCurreiaEndovipioAmyosomaMegacoeloidesAlienoclypeusAtanycolus-insolitusBracon-amaculatusBracon-quadrimaculatusBracon-rhinchitiBracon-murgabensisBracon-querceusBracon-karakumicusBracon-hylobiiBracon-irkutensisBracon-longiantennatusBracon-longigenisCoeloides-sordidatorGlyptomorpha-disparBracon-selviaeBracon-bachtiaeBracon-dersimensisGlyptomorpha-nachitshevanicaChelonus-erythrogasterCoeloides-glaboventrisCoeloides-longquanusCoeloides-flavusCoeloides-changbaiensisMegalommum-pistacivoraeMegalommum-xanthocepsMegalommum-jacobsoniMegalommum-ayyariMegalommum-philippinenseMegalommum-dodecanesiMegalommum-ceresenseMegalommum-inareatumMegalommum-antefurcaleMegalommum-tibialePhysaraia-nanensisPhysaraia-panhaiPhysaraia-sakaeratensisPhysaraia-sinensisPhysaraia-sumatranaPhysaraia-tigeriTrigastrotheca-doiphukhaensisTrigastrotheca-pariyanonthaeTrigastrotheca-sureerataeTrigastrotheca-tridentataDoi-Phu-Kha-National-ParkArdahanErzurumIğdırKarsKastamonuTunceliFars-provinceNan-provinceSakaeratZhejiang-UniversityChinese-Academy-of-ForestryDNA-barcodingBOLD-SystemsBugGuide.netWikispeciesWikimedia-CommonsEncyclopedia-of-LifeSystematic-EntomologyZootaxaZooKeysCheck-ListJournal-of-Hymenoptera-ResearchJournal-of-Animal-and-Plant-SciencesPMC11214016PMC1287356828S-rRNACOI16S-rRNA18S-rRNAEF-1αCADelongation-factor-1-alphacytochrome-c-oxidase-subunit-Imitochondrialnuclearmolecular-phylogenymorphological-phylogenymonophyletictribus-novcomb.-novsp.-novsyn.-novincertae-sedisNew-WorldOld-WorldAustralianWest-PalaearcticOrientalIndo-AustralianAsian-TurkeyEuropean-Turkeybiogeographical-provinceszoogeographical-regionschecklistfaunisticstaxonomysystematicsrevisionnew-speciesnew-recordsnew-combinationsnew-synonymsnew-tribepreliminary-keydichotomous-keydiagnostic-characterstype-specimenvoucher-specimenholotypeparatypefemale-specimenadult-specimenlight-trapaerial-netfield-collection2011-20141980-2009observationiNaturalist14342-observationsDoryctinae
doryctine wasps
Doryctinae is a large, diverse subfamily of parasitoid wasps within Braconidae, comprising over 2000 species in 198 genera. Members range from 1 to 25 mm and exhibit remarkable morphological diversity, including many flightless or wingless species. The subfamily is characterized by distinctive structural features including a cyclostome mouth and spines on the foreleg tibia. Most species are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of wood-boring beetle larvae, though host associations vary considerably across the group.
Exothecinae
Exothecinae is a subfamily of Braconidae parasitoid wasps, currently comprising approximately 24 genera including Colastes, Pambolus, Hormius, and Xenarcha. Members are cyclostome braconids characterized by reduced genus diversity relative to other subfamilies. The subfamily exhibits broad host associations across multiple insect orders, with larvae parasitizing primarily concealed-feeding hosts such as leaf-mining and stem-boring insects.
Rhysipolinae
Rhysipolinae is a small cosmopolitan subfamily of braconid wasps comprising approximately 10 genera and more than 80 species. Members are cyclostome wasps characterized by koinobiont ectoparasitoid biology—a rare strategy among Braconidae that deviates from the more common koinobiont-endoparasitoid or idiobiont-ectoparasitoid modes. The subfamily has been taxonomically challenging due to the absence of exclusive morphological diagnostic features, though recent phylogenomic analyses using ultraconserved elements have confirmed its monophyly and clarified some generic boundaries.