Haplaxius
Fowler, 1904
Species Guides
34Haplaxius is a of cixiid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) in the tribe Oecleini, containing at least 60 described with a New World distribution. The genus was reinstated by Emeljanov in 1989 for New World species formerly placed in Myndus. Several species are economically significant as causing lethal in palms. Haplaxius crudus transmits Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae, the causal agent of lethal yellowing in coconut palms and lethal wilt in oil palms, causing substantial agricultural losses in the Caribbean, Central America, South America, and the southern United States.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Haplaxius: //hæpˈlæksiəs//
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Images
Habitat
in this occupy diverse associated with monocotyledonous plants. Nymphs develop in soil, feeding on roots of grasses and sedges. occur on foliage of palms, grasses, and other monocots. Some species show strong association with agricultural , particularly oil palm and coconut plantations.
Distribution
New World distribution including North America (southern Florida, Texas, Mexico), Central America and Caribbean (Bahamas, Belize, Cayman Islands, Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago), and South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil).
Human Relevance
Certain Haplaxius are major agricultural pests as of phytoplasma affecting palms. Haplaxius crudus transmits lethal yellowing disease of coconut palms and lethal wilt of oil palms, which have caused of over 1.1 million palms and economic losses exceeding 154 million USD in Colombia alone between 2010 and 2021. The is subject to intensive research for disease management and vector control in tropical agriculture.
Similar Taxa
- MyndusHaplaxius was formerly synonymized under Myndus by Kramer (1979) but reinstated as a separate by Emeljanov (1989). The name Myndus is still erroneously used in applied literature for New World that belong to Haplaxius. Myndus properly refers to Old World cixiid species.
Sources and further reading
- BugGuide
- Wikipedia
- GBIF taxonomy match
- iNaturalist taxon
- NCBI Taxonomy
- Catalogue of Life
- Haplaxius crudus . [Distribution map].
- Population Parameters of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) under Semi-Controlled Conditions
- Field Biology and Control of Haplaxius crudus on St. Augustinegrass and Christmas Palm12
- New records of Haplaxius (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) in the Dominican Republic,with description of a new species
- The Cixiid Planthopper Haplaxius ovatus (Ball) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea): Association with Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum; Poaceae) and New Distribution Records
- Apuntes Sobre la Biologia Y Habitos Del Haplaxius Pallidus , Transmisor de la"marchitez Sorpresiva"en Palma Africana
- Distribution of Haplaxius Crudus (Van Duzee, 1907) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), In The Oil Palm Areas Of Colombia
- Population genetic structure of Haplaxius crudus, the vector of palm lethal decline phytoplasmas, and planthopper diversity on coconut palms in Trinidad and Tobago (Hemiptera: Cixiidae, Delphacidae, Derbidae)
- The vector Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) and potential vectors of lethal yellowing occur in palm trees of socioeconomic importance in Amapá, Brazil
- Effects of Lethal Bronzing Disease, Palm Height, and Temperature on Abundance and Monitoring of Haplaxius crudus
- Spatial Analysis and Population Dynamics of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) in Coconut Amazon
- Methodology for the Evaluation of Varietal Resistance to Haplaxius crudus, Vector of the Causal Agent of Lethal Wilt in Oil Palm in Colombia.
- DNA degradation in Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) and Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) on yellow sticky traps in Florida.