Delphacoidea

Classification

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha
Infraorder: Fulgoromorpha
Superfamily: Delphacoidea

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Delphacoidea: //dɛlfəˈsɔɪdiə//

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Summary

Delphacoidea is a superfamily of planthoppers characterized by their flattened bodies and vertical wings. They play a significant role in their ecosystems as plant feeders and vectors for plant pathogens. The group includes two extant families and numerous extinct families, showcasing a rich diversity in both current and historical contexts.

Physical Characteristics

Planthoppers are laterally flattened and hold their broad wings vertically, in a tent-like fashion, concealing the sides of the body and part of the legs. Adult females of many families produce wax which may be used to protect eggs.

Identification Tips

Differentiate from Fulgoroidea by the orthopteroid, ensiform ovipositor and wing venation. A median ocellus is often present, contrasting with the absence of this feature in Fulgoroidea.

Habitat

Various habitats where host plants are available, often including grasses and other vegetation.

Distribution

Worldwide with over 12,500 described species.

Diet

Plant-feeders, primarily feeding by sucking sap from plants.

Life Cycle

Includes both nymph and adult stages, nymphs are often slower moving than adults and may produce wax for concealment.

Reproduction

Details on mating behaviors and egg-laying are not specified, but females are known to produce wax for egg protection.

Ecosystem Role

Planthoppers act as vectors for plant diseases, particularly phytoplasmas, and contribute to plant sap consumption which affects plant health.

Economic Impact

Some species, such as Haplaxius crudus, are considered pests and transmit diseases that can affect crops, such as lethal yellowing in coconut palms.

Evolution

Extinct members are known from the fossil record, indicating a long evolutionary history.

Similar Taxa

Fulgoroidea