Pterocomma salicis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Black willow bark aphid
A bark-feeding specialized on willow trees, commonly known as the black willow bark aphid. Forms mutualistic relationships with , particularly Lasius niger, which actively transport and tend colonies. The has been documented in ant-mediated studies, suggesting ants may evaluate quality when relocating aphid colonies.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Pterocomma salicis: /ˌtɛroʊˈkɒmə ˈsælɪsɪs/
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Identification
Distinguished from other willow by its dark coloration and bark-feeding habit on Salix . Most other willow-feeding aphids (e.g., in Chaitophorus, Pterochloroides) are green, , or pale in color. The combination of black body, willow , and presence in -tended colonies on bark distinguishes P. salicis from and similar aphids.
Images
Appearance
Dark-colored , typically black or very dark . As a bark-feeding , body form is relatively compared to leaf-feeding aphids. Long and () present, characteristic of the . Winged and wingless occur; winged forms () have darker, more sclerotized bodies adapted for .
Habitat
Associated with willow (Salix) trees, specifically on bark rather than leaves. Colonies occur on woody stems and branches. Requires presence of tending for optimal colony persistence and .
Distribution
Documented from Belgium (including Brussels-Capital, Flemish, and Walloon regions) and Denmark based on GBIF records. Likely more widespread across Europe given distribution and historical description by (1758).
Diet
Phloem-feeding on willow (Salix spp.). Feeds on bark tissue rather than leaves.
Host Associations
- Salix - obligate -level association; specific willow not confirmed in available sources
- Lasius niger - mutualistic partner tend colonies and mediate ; ants have been observed to judge quality during relocation
Behavior
Forms dense colonies on willow bark. Engages in with , exchanging for protection and transport. Ant-mediated is a behavioral feature: Lasius niger actively relocate between plants, with evidence that ants assess host quality during dispersal decisions.
Ecological Role
Primary consumer converting phloem into accessible to higher . production supports and potentially growth. Ant may influence local ant structure and foraging patterns.
Similar Taxa
- Pterocomma spp. share willow association but differ in coloration, body size, or specific microhabitat preferences; P. salicis distinguished by black coloration
- Chaitophorus spp.Other common willow , but typically pale green or and often leaf-feeding rather than bark-feeding
More Details
Ant-aphid mutualism specificity
Study by Fischer et al. (2002) demonstrated that Lasius niger can discriminate between plants of differing quality when dispersing P. salicis colonies, suggesting sophisticated partner choice in this .