Taxonomic-dispute
Guides
Apomyelois
knot-horn moths
Apomyelois is a genus of small pyralid moths in the subfamily Phycitinae, established by Carl Heinrich in 1956. The genus contains approximately six described species with notably divergent ecologies: some are agricultural pests of stored products and fruit crops, while others are specialized fungus-feeders in woodland habitats. Taxonomic boundaries remain contested, particularly regarding the placement of the carob moth, which some authorities classify as Ectomyelois ceratoniae.
Gelechioidea
curved-horn moths, gelechioid moths, case-bearers and twirler moths
Gelechioidea is a large superfamily of micromoths within Lepidoptera, containing case-bearers, twirler moths, and relatives. It comprises approximately 16,250 described species across about 1,425 genera, though estimates suggest only 25% of actual diversity has been documented, potentially making it one of the largest superfamilies of Lepidoptera. The superfamily represents one of the basal lineages of the Ditrysia. Classification remains disputed, with family-level arrangements varying between 16 and 21 families depending on morphological versus molecular phylogenetic approaches.
Heliopyrgus
Heliopyrgus is a genus of skipper butterflies in the family Hesperiidae, subfamily Pyrginae. It was described by Herrera in 1957. The genus is taxonomically disputed, with some authorities treating it as a subgenus of Heliopetes rather than a distinct genus. Species within this group are found in the Americas.
Liosomaphis
Liosomaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae. The genus was established by Walker in 1868 and is currently recognized as valid, though some sources list it as a synonym of Elatobium. Species are recorded from Europe and North America, with distribution records from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The genus contains at least two described species: Liosomaphis atra and Liosomaphis berberidis.
Metanema brunneilinearia
A geometrid moth described by Grossbeck in 1907, currently classified in the genus Metanema within subfamily Ennominae. The species has been recorded in limited iNaturalist observations (14 records), suggesting restricted documentation or naturally low abundance. Taxonomic placement has been disputed, with GBIF listing it as a synonym under Synaxis.
Oecophorinae
concealer moths
Oecophorinae is the nominate subfamily of the concealer moth family Oecophoridae, part of the superfamily Gelechioidea. Its circumscription remains disputed, with historical inclusion of groups now sometimes treated as separate subfamilies (Chimabachinae, Deuterogoniinae, Peleopodinae, Philobotinae) or families. No robust tribal classification has been established for the bulk of genera. The subfamily contains numerous genera with frequent new descriptions, including well-differentiated groups around Oecophora and Peleopoda.