Entomopathogenic-fungi
Guides
Coenosia
Tiger Flies
Coenosia is a large genus of predatory muscid flies comprising more than 350 species. Members are commonly known as tiger flies due to their active hunting behavior. They are documented from multiple continents including Europe, Asia, and North America. Some species serve as hosts for entomopathogenic fungi in the genus Strongwellsea, which exhibit unusual extended-host survival during infection.
Delia radicum
cabbage root fly, cabbage maggot, spring cabbage fly, smaller cabbage fly
Delia radicum is a significant agricultural pest fly in the family Anthomyiidae, commonly known as the cabbage root fly or cabbage maggot. The larval stage causes damage by tunneling into roots and lower stems of cruciferous crops, while adults are small, grayish flies that emerge in spring. The species has a Holarctic distribution, occurring across Europe, North Africa, Asia, and North America. Research has documented complex interactions with microbial symbionts including Wolbachia and gut microbiota, which influence host fitness and plant-insect chemical ecology.
Euschistus crenator
Euschistus crenator is a phytophagous stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) recognized as a key pest in soybean cultivation, causing direct damage to developing grains. The species occurs across the Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America, with confirmed populations in northern Brazil (Roraima and Pará states). Second-instar nymphs exhibit high susceptibility to entomopathogenic fungi, and the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi has been confirmed to parasitize its eggs. The species is frequently misidentified with Euschistus heros due to morphological similarities.
Euwallacea perbrevis
tea shot-hole borer
Euwallacea perbrevis, the tea shot-hole borer, is an invasive ambrosia beetle native to South and Southeast Asia through Australia. It is part of the Euwallacea fornicatus cryptic species complex, distinguished from its three sibling species (E. fornicatus, E. fornicatior, and E. kuroshio) primarily through molecular genetics rather than morphology. The beetle cultivates symbiotic fungi in galleries bored into host trees and vectors fungal pathogens causing Fusarium branch dieback. It has been introduced to the United States (Florida, Hawaii), Costa Rica, and Panama, where it poses significant economic threats to avocado production and urban trees.
Melanaphis bambusae
Waxy Bamboo Aphid
Melanaphis bambusae is a bamboo-feeding aphid species in the family Aphididae, commonly known as the Waxy Bamboo Aphid. It is a documented pest of bamboo forests with economic and ecological significance, particularly in regions where bamboo cultivation occurs. The species has been studied for its microbiome interactions with entomopathogenic fungi, specifically Conidiobolus obscurus, which causes natural population mortality. Research indicates that infection by this fungus and starvation stress both significantly alter the aphid's bacterial and fungal community composition.
Monellia caryella
Blackmargined Pecan Aphid, Black Margined Aphid
Monellia caryella, commonly known as the blackmargined pecan aphid, is a small sap-feeding insect and significant pest of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) orchards in North America. Adults are distinguished by a prominent black stripe along the outer margin of their wings, which are held flat over the body. Populations typically increase from June to August, then decline after approximately three weeks; outbreaks on most cultivars usually subside without causing measurable damage, though the 'Cheyenne' cultivar is notably susceptible. The species is subject to substantial mortality from entomopathogenic fungi, particularly during autumn when environmental conditions favor fungal growth.
Scoliopteryx
herald moth
Scoliopteryx is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae, established by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1810. The genus contains two described species, including Scoliopteryx libatrix (the herald moth), which is notable for its troglophilic behavior and cave-dwelling habits during winter. Species in this genus have been studied for their unique ecological associations, including shared hibernacula with insectivorous bats and susceptibility to entomopathogenic fungi.