Bee-parasitoid
Guides
Gnathium francilloni
Gnathium francilloni is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, subfamily Nemognathinae. The genus Gnathium is characterized by elongated, filiform maxillary galeae adapted for nectar feeding on flowers with deep corollas. This species occurs in North America and is part of a genus whose members are among the smallest blister beetles.
Labeninae
Labeninae is a subfamily of parasitoid wasps within Ichneumonidae, comprising 12 extant genera organized into four tribes: Labenini, Groteini, Poecilocryptini, and Xenothyrini. The group has a predominantly Southern Hemisphere distribution, with phylogenomic and biogeographic analyses supporting a Gondwanan origin approximately 146 million years ago. Members exhibit diverse host associations: Labenini parasitize wood-boring beetles (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae), Groteini specialize on solitary bees, and Poecilocryptini may include phytophagous species based on larval morphology. The subfamily represents an ancient lineage with complex biogeographic history involving vicariance and range expansion events.
Lycostomus sanguinipennis
Lycostomus sanguinipennis is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, subfamily Nemognathinae. The genus Lycostomus is a small group within the Nemognathinae, and this species is characterized by its red-winged appearance as indicated by the specific epithet "sanguinipennis" (blood-red wings). Members of this genus are associated with bee parasitism, though specific details for this species remain limited in available sources.