Trathala

Cameron, 1899

Trathala is a of first described by Cameron in 1899. within this genus are larval-pupal of lepidopteran . Trathala flavoorbitalis has been studied as a agent for agricultural pests including the brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) and rice leaffolder. The genus exhibits host-stage selectivity, with successful development typically occurring in third to fifth host .

Trathala perdita by the Smithsonian. Used under a CC0 license.Trathala perdita by the Smithsonian. Used under a CC0 license.Trathala perdita by the Smithsonian. Used under a CC0 license.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Trathala: /trɑːˈθælə/

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Images

Host Associations

  • Leucinodes orbonalis - brinjal shoot and fruit borer; primary for T. flavoorbitalis
  • Rice leaffolder - secondary ; rates 1.52–2.14 fold lower than on brinjal shoot and fruit borer

Life Cycle

Total developmental time approximately 20–24 days when parasitizing second to fifth . Successful and occurs in 53% of third instar, 57% of fourth instar, and 41% of fifth instar hosts. First instar hosts and approximately 50% of second instar hosts are mutilated and die following .

Behavior

Stinging response elicited by of any (first to fifth). When given a choice, avoid first instar and most second instar larvae, while third to fifth instars are accepted equally. Unlike most larval-pupal parasitoids, parasitized hosts at contain different developmental stages of the parasitoid.

Ecological Role

agent of agricultural pest . Trathala flavoorbitalis has been evaluated for control of brinjal shoot and fruit borer and rice leaffolder in greenhouse and field settings.

Human Relevance

Studied for potential use in of brinjal (eggplant) and rice . varies by and host .

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Sources and further reading