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Third-most-diverse-ant-parasitoid-group

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Hybrizontinae
The subfamily Hybrizontinae comprises ant parasitoid wasps within Ichneumonidae, representing the third most diverse group of ant parasitoids after Eucharitidae and Neoneurini. All members are specialized parasitoids of ant societies. The subfamily exhibits two distinct host-searching strategies: an active strategy where females hover over ant trails to attack larvae carried by workers, and an ambush strategy where females hang from vegetation along trails to oviposit undetected.
parasitoids ants ichneumonidae host-searching-behavior oviposition ant-parasitoids Japan Europe Lasius Myrmica ambush-strategy hovering-strategy social-insect-parasitism specialized-morphology reduced-mouthparts intraspecific-competition diurnal-activity subgenus-specific-host-range evolutionary-arms-race narrow-search-area-trade-off undetected-oviposition vegetation-hanging-behavior hind-leg-gripping ant-trail-association larval-transport-exploitation defensive-ant-responses mandible-threats capture-risk flight-limitations grass-perching head-down-posture worker-ant-interaction host-parasitoid-coevolution ant-society-specialization third-most-diverse-ant-parasitoid-group Paxylommatinae-(former-name)Braconidae-(formerly-considered-part-of)separate-family-(formerly-considered)