Boll Weevil

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Anthonomus grandis: /ænˈθɒnəməs ˈɡrændɪs/

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Summary

The boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) is a significant pest of cotton, native to Central Mexico and introduced to the U.S. in the late 19th century. It has caused substantial economic damage to the cotton industry and has influenced the socio-economic landscape of the Southern U.S.

Physical Characteristics

Adult insects have a long snout, grayish color, and are usually less than 6 mm in length.

Habitat

Commonly found in cotton fields and surrounding agricultural areas.

Distribution

Native to Mesoamerica, introduced to the southern United States around Brownsville, TX in 1892; once widespread across southern U.S., now mostly extirpated from much of the region.

Diet

Feeds primarily on cotton buds and flowers, laying eggs within them.

Life Cycle

Egg to adult lifecycle spans about three weeks in summer; multiple generations can occur, with 8 to 10 per season under optimal conditions.

Reproduction

Females can lay up to 200 eggs over a 10- to 12-day period. Eggs hatch within 3 to 5 days, feeding for 8 to 10 days before pupation.

Predators

Natural predators include fire ants, other insects, spiders, birds, and the parasitoid wasp Catolaccus grandis.

Ecosystem Role

Significant agricultural pest affecting cotton crops.

Economic Impact

Considered the most destructive cotton pest in North America, costing U.S. producers approximately $13 billion since introduction, with recent costs around $300 million per year.

Cultural Significance

Contributed to significant socio-economic changes in the Southern United States, influencing migration patterns and agricultural practices; featured in music and culture.

Similar Taxa

• Lixus concavus

Tags

• insect
• pest
• cotton
• agriculture
• economic impact