Univoltine
Guides
Elasmostethus interstinctus
Birch Shield Bug
Elasmostethus interstinctus, commonly known as the birch shield bug, is a shield bug in the family Acanthosomatidae with a Holarctic distribution across Europe, Northern Asia, and North America. Adults measure 8–11.5 mm and display distinctive bright yellow-green and red coloration. The species is univoltine, with adults overwintering in leaf litter and emerging in spring to reproduce on birch and other host plants.
Enargia infumata
Smoked Sallow, Lesser Eyed Sallow
Enargia infumata is a noctuid moth known by the common names Smoked Sallow and Lesser Eyed Sallow. It occurs across northern and western North America, with populations extending from Alaska and eastern Canada south to California and Utah. The species has a single annual generation, with adults active during summer months. Larvae feed on leaves of Populus and potentially other woody plants in the willow family.
Endelomyia
roseslug sawfly
Endelomyia is a genus of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae, containing at least two described species. The genus is best known for Endelomyia aethiops, commonly called the roseslug sawfly, a significant pest of cultivated roses. Larvae feed on rose foliage, producing characteristic skeletonization damage by removing soft tissue between leaf veins. The genus can be distinguished from the related slugworm genus Caliroa by antennal characters and wing venation.
Endothenia hebesana
Verbena Bud Moth
Endothenia hebesana is a small tortricid moth commonly known as the verbena bud moth. The species has a broad North American distribution spanning from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific. Larvae develop inside the flower stalks and seed heads of numerous plant species, particularly in the genera Verbena and Penstemon. Fourth and fifth instars overwinter within host plant stems, with pupation occurring in late spring.
Ennomos alniaria
Canary-shouldered Thorn
Ennomos alniaria, commonly known as the canary-shouldered thorn, is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is distinguished from related species by its bright yellow thorax. The species is widespread across Europe and has been introduced to British Columbia. Adults are active from July to October and are attracted to light.
Ennomos magnaria
Maple Spanworm Moth, Notched Wing Moth, Notched-wing Geometer, Notch-wing Moth
A medium-sized geometrid moth with distinctive autumn leaf-like camouflage. Adults are active from July through early November, with a single generation per year. The species is notable for its notched wing margins and nocturnal habits, often resting on buildings during daylight hours.
Ephemerella aurivillii
spiny crawler mayfly
Ephemerella aurivillii is a spiny crawler mayfly in the family Ephemerellidae with a strict one-year life cycle. The species occurs across northern regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe, northern Asia, and North America. Research in Norway demonstrated that its distribution and growth rates are strongly temperature-dependent, with populations expanding following hydropower-induced warming of previously cold streams.
Ephemerellidae
Spiny Crawler Mayflies
Ephemerellidae, commonly known as spiny crawler mayflies, is a family of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) comprising approximately 90 species across 8-14 genera. The family is distributed throughout North America and the UK, with additional records from Europe and Asia. Nymphs inhabit lotic-erosional environments including flowing streams of all sizes, lake shores, and beaches with wave action. They are primarily collector-gatherers and serve as important indicators of water quality due to their sensitivity to pollution.
Epinotia meritana
white-fir needle miner
Epinotia meritana is a small tortricid moth whose larvae are specialized miners of fir needles. The species completes one generation annually, with adults active in mid-summer and larvae feeding internally on white fir foliage before overwintering within mined needles. It occurs in western North American conifer forests where its host trees grow.
Epinotia nanana
European spruce needleminer, green spruce leaf miner, green spruce needle miner
Epinotia nanana is a small tortricid moth whose larvae are specialized needle miners of spruce trees. Native to Europe and Asia, it has been introduced to North America where it has become a pest of ornamental and forest spruce. The species has a univoltine life cycle with larvae overwintering in mined needles and completing development the following spring. Larval feeding creates distinctive silken webbing that secures mined needles to twigs.
Epinotia solandriana
Birch Leafroller Moth
Epinotia solandriana is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 16–21 mm, distributed across Europe, Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Russia), and North America. Adults fly from July to September and show considerable variation in forewing coloration and pattern. Larvae are specialized leaf rollers on birch, hazel, and willow, folding leaves to create shelters while feeding.
Eriocraniella platyptera
Eriocraniella platyptera is a small primitive moth in the family Eriocraniidae. Adults are active in May with a single annual generation. Larvae are leaf miners that feed on oak species, particularly Quercus ilicifolia. The species was described by Donald R. Davis in 1978 and is known from the northeastern and southern United States.
Erynnis persius
Persius Duskywing
Erynnis persius, the Persius duskywing, is a butterfly species in the family Hesperiidae native to North America. The species exhibits a single annual generation with larvae hibernating and pupating in spring. The eastern subspecies E. p. persius is of particular conservation concern, being rare and in severe decline due to habitat loss and decline of its obligate host plant, wild blue lupine (Lupinus perennis). Adults are difficult to distinguish from other duskywing skippers without close examination.
Estigmene
Ermine Moths
Estigmene is a genus of tiger moths in the family Erebidae, erected by Jacob Hübner in 1820. Species in this genus are native to North and Central America. The genus has undergone taxonomic revision, with many African and Asian species formerly included now separated into different genera. The most well-known species is Estigmene acrea, commonly called the saltmarsh caterpillar or woollybear, which is a widespread generalist herbivore and occasional agricultural pest.
Euaresta bella
Common Ragweed Fruit Fly
Euaresta bella is a tephritid fruit fly species commonly known as the Common Ragweed Fruit Fly. It is specialized on Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) as its sole known larval host plant. The species has a univoltine life cycle, producing one generation annually. It occurs in North America with documented records from the United States including Vermont.
Eucopina tocullionana
white pine cone borer, White Pine Coneborer Moth
A small tortricid moth specialized on pine cones. Adults are active in spring and summer, with larvae developing within cones of white pine and Virginia pine. The species is restricted to eastern North America, primarily in Appalachian and Great Lakes regions.
Eucosma cana
Hoary Bell
Eucosma cana, commonly known as the hoary bell, is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 16–23 mm. It is widespread across Europe, parts of Asia including China and Japan, and Central Asia. The species is univoltine, with adults active from June to August. Larvae develop within the flowerheads of thistles and related plants, feeding on Cirsium, Carduus, and Centaurea nigra.
Eulia ministrana
Ferruginous Eulia Moth
Eulia ministrana is a tortricid moth with a broad Palearctic and Nearctic distribution. Adults are active in late spring and early summer, with a single annual generation. Larvae develop as leaf-rollers on various deciduous trees and shrubs. The species has been studied for its population response to industrial pollution, showing that abundance decline may occur without detectable morphological stress indicators.
Euphilotes battoides
square-spotted blue, buckwheat blue
Euphilotes battoides is a small butterfly in the family Lycaenidae, commonly known as the square-spotted blue or buckwheat blue. It is native to western North America and exhibits strong ecological dependence on Eriogonum (buckwheat) species. The species comprises multiple recognized subspecies with restricted geographic ranges. Adults are active from spring through summer and feed primarily on buckwheat flower nectar.
Euphilotes rita
Rita's Blue, rita blue, desert buckwheat blue
Euphilotes rita is a small lycaenid butterfly native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Adults are active from July through late September, with a single generation per year. The species exhibits strong ecological specialization on wild buckwheat (Eriogonum species) throughout its life cycle. Larvae are tended by ants, a characteristic mutualism within the Polyommatinae.
Euphydryas editha
Edith's Checkerspot
Euphydryas editha is a checkerspot butterfly native to western North America, notable for extensive phenotypic variation across its range including differences in coloration, wing length, and body size. The species has been intensively studied for over 40 years as a model organism for metapopulation ecology, population dynamics, and conservation biology. Many populations are monophagous, relying on specific host plants for larval development. The species exhibits complex population dynamics with frequent local extinctions and recolonizations, and has experienced significant range-wide declines linked to climate change.
Euphyes conspicua
Black Dash
Euphyes conspicua, commonly known as the Black Dash, is a skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It occurs in the upper Midwest and central Atlantic regions of North America, specializing in shrubby wetland habitats. The species has a single annual generation, with adults active from June through August. Larval development depends on sedges in the genus Carex.
Euphyes vestris
Dun Skipper, Sedge Witch, Dun Sedge Skipper
Euphyes vestris is a skipper butterfly (family Hesperiidae) found across much of North America. Adults have a single annual generation in July and are associated with sedge-dominated habitats. The species shows notable geographic variation with several described subspecies, including disjunct populations in western mountain and coastal regions. Larval development depends on sedges (Cyperaceae), while adults visit diverse flowering plants for nectar.
Eupithecia gelidata
Frosted Pug
Eupithecia gelidata is a small geometrid moth with a wingspan of 17–22 mm, distributed across northern boreal and arctic regions. Adults are active from June to mid-July, with one generation per year. Larval host plant associations vary geographically: South Bohemian populations are obligatorily associated with Ledum palustre, while subarctic and boreal populations use Salix spp. as alternative hosts. The species has been documented visiting apple flowers, contributing to nocturnal pollination services.
Eupithecia satyrata
Satyr Pug
Eupithecia satyrata, commonly known as the satyr pug, is a small geometrid moth with a broad distribution spanning northern and central Europe, Russia, central Asia, Tibet, North Africa, and North America. Adults exhibit considerable variation in wing pattern, with ground colors ranging from ash to grey or brownish. The species is univoltine, with adults active from March through September. Larvae feed on the flowers of diverse plant genera including Achillea, Scabiosa, Solidago, Senecio, and Erica tetralix. The species has been documented as a nocturnal visitor to apple flowers, contributing to pollination services.
Euproctis chrysorrhoea
Brown-tail Moth
Euproctis chrysorrhoea, the brown-tail moth, is a univoltine forest pest with a highly polyphagous larval stage. Populations exhibit phenological plasticity, with larval diapause timing and winter feeding behavior varying based on host plant foliage persistence. The species demonstrates sequential host plant utilization during mass outbreaks and shows evidence of host-associated genetic divergence. Larvae possess urticating setae that pose human health risks.
Euproserpinus phaeton
Phaeton primrose sphinx moth, Phaeton Primrose Sphinx
Euproserpinus phaeton is a medium-sized sphinx moth (Sphingidae) native to arid regions of southwestern North America. Adults are diurnal nectar-feeders, flying rapidly close to ground level over desert washes and flats during early spring. The species has a single annual generation and is dependent on Onagraceae plants for larval development. Its restricted activity period and specific habitat requirements make it a notable component of spring desert ecosystems.
Euschistus variolarius
one-spotted stink bug, onespotted stink bug
Euschistus variolarius, commonly known as the one-spotted stink bug, is a Nearctic species of shield bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is a phytophagous insect that feeds primarily on seeds and developing fruits of various plants, including legumes, grasses, and agricultural crops such as soybean and alfalfa. The species produces one generation per year in northern parts of its range, with adults overwintering in ground debris and emerging in spring to reproduce. While historically considered a minor pest, it has become increasingly recognized as an emerging pest in Midwestern soybean and corn production.
Eustala
humpbacked orb-weavers
Eustala is a genus of orb-weaver spiders in the family Araneidae, first described by Eugène Simon in 1895. As of November 2024, the genus contains 87 species distributed primarily across the Americas, from the United States through Central America to South America, with highest diversity in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Several species have been documented exhibiting specialized ecological relationships, including myrmecophily (living among ants) in Central American species that inhabit ant-defended acacia plants. The genus includes the well-known humpbacked orb-weaver, Eustala anastera, found across North and Central America.
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htperchroostnestdenburrowtunneldigexcavateminequarryextractremoveeliminateeradicateexterminatedestroydemolishruinwreckdamageharminjurehurtwoundmaimcripplelamedisableincapacitateparalyzestunshockastonishamazeastoundstaggerstupefydazebewilderconfusepuzzleperplexbafflemystifyenigmaEutreta diana
Eutreta diana is a gall-forming tephritid fly native to western North America. Females oviposit in vegetative buds of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), and larvae induce woody galls where they feed internally. The species has one generation per year, with gall growth synchronized to spring seasonal growth of host plants. Adults display distinctive coloration: pale green eyes, white-dotted black wings, and bright red abdomens.
Euxoa adumbrata
Sordid Dart
Euxoa adumbrata, commonly known as the sordid dart, is a noctuid moth species first described by Eduard Friedrich Eversmann in 1842. It occurs across northern boreal regions of North America and Eurasia, including northern Canada, Alaska, Greenland, Scandinavia, and the Ural Mountains. The species has one generation per year, with adults active during summer months. Larvae feed on Taraxacum and Polygonum species.
Euxoa auripennis
Euxoa auripennis is a noctuid moth described by J. Donald Lafontaine in 1974. It occurs in western North America from the Great Plains to the Pacific coast. Adults fly in late summer with a single annual generation. The species is one of many Euxoa cutworms whose larvae feed on herbaceous vegetation.
Euxoa bochus
Euxoa bochus is a noctuid moth native to western North America, described by Herbert Knowles Morrison in 1874. Adults have a wingspan of 34–36 mm and are active from mid-July to mid-October, with a single generation per year. The species occurs across a broad elevational and latitudinal range from Vancouver Island to northern New Mexico.
Euxoa campestris
Flat Dart
Euxoa campestris, commonly known as the flat dart, is a species of noctuid moth first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1875. It is found across much of North America, with a broad distribution spanning from Newfoundland to Alaska and southward through mountain ranges and eastern deciduous forests. The species has a single annual generation, with adults active from July to September. The wingspan ranges from 30–34 mm.
Euxoa clausa
Euxoa clausa is a noctuid moth described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1923. It is restricted to the north-western Great Plains of North America, with a wingspan of approximately 33 mm. Adults are active in mid-summer, with one generation per year.
Euxoa edictalis
Euxoa edictalis is a moth species in the family Noctuidae, first described by Smith in 1893. The species has a wingspan of 35–39 mm and occurs in western North America from southern Alberta and Montana west to British Columbia, and south through California, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado. Adults are active in May in Alberta, with one generation per year. Like other Euxoa species, the larvae are likely cutworms that feed on plants, though specific host records for this species are not documented.
Euxoa mimallonis
Sordid Dart, Ruddy-winged Dart
Euxoa mimallonis is a noctuid moth known by the common names Sordid Dart and Ruddy-winged Dart. The species occurs across North America with a broad transcontinental range spanning from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts. Adults are active from July through September, with a single generation per year. The species belongs to a genus containing numerous cutworm species, though specific larval ecology for this species is not well documented.
Exenterus
Exenterus is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Tryphoninae, first described by Hartig in 1837. The genus contains species that are specialized parasitoids of sawflies in the family Diprionidae, with documented hosts including Neodiprion sertifer, N. swainei, N. autumnalis, Diprion sertifer, and Zadiprion falsus. Several species have been introduced across continents for biological control of pine sawfly pests. The genus exhibits notable morphological diversity in egg structure, with European species showing an evolutionary gradient from simple to highly specialized stalked eggs that correlates with climatic tolerance and biological control success.
Exenterus amictorius
Exenterus amictorius is an ichneumonid parasitoid wasp introduced to North America that attacks sawfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), particularly during the pre-spinning eonymph stage. The species exhibits adaptive host discrimination behavior that changes during the host's spinning period, lacks discrimination initially but rapidly acquires and maintains this ability. It shows strong positive density-dependent responses to host abundance and has established successfully on multiple diprionid hosts across North America. In multiparasitism situations with the native E. diprionis, E. amictorius consistently survives due to faster larval development.
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herilis
Master's Dart, Herald Dart
Feltia herilis, commonly known as Master's Dart or Herald Dart, is a noctuid moth native to North America. First described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1873, this species has one generation per year with adults active from July through October. The larvae are polyphagous, feeding on a wide variety of plants including crops, forages, vegetables, forbs, and herbs. Adults have been observed feeding on nectar, with one documented instance on Liatris.
Flexamia huroni
Huron River Leafhopper
Flexamia huroni is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Bess & Hamilton in 1999. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations with grasses. The species is named after the Huron River in Michigan, where it was first collected. Like other members of the genus, it likely exhibits strong ecological dependence on specific grass host plants.
leafhoppercicadellidaedeltocephalinaeparalimniniflexamiagrass-specialistmichigan-endemicauchenorrhynchahemipterainsectaarthropodaanimaliatrue-bugplanthopper-relative1999-descriptionbesshamiltonhuronihuron-riverusanorth-americagrassland-insecthost-specificpoorly-knownrareuncommondata-deficientgbifcatalogue-of-lifencbiinaturalisttaxonspeciesacceptedhexapodacicadomorphaclypeatamembracoideaparalimninaflexamia-huronibess-&-hamilton1999exact-matchaccepted-namecanonical-namescientific-nameauthorshiprankstatusmatchedtaxonomyclassificationeukaryotametazoadistributionmichiganobservations0wikipedianonepreferred-common-namehuron-river-leafhoppertrue-bugsgroupkingdomphylumclassorderfamilygenusauthorityiptintegrated-publishing-toolkitbiodiversity-data-journalzookeysnature-conservationcomparative-cytogeneticsopen-accessopen-accessjournalpublicationdatasetspecimentypenomenclatural-typeherbariumuniversity-of-granadaspainfungilichensagaricalescortinariusantonio-ortegamediterraneanfranceitalyimage-collectioncolección-de-imágenes-de-los-tipos-nomenclaturales-de-hongoslíquenesmusgos-y-algasgdagdacvizosoquesada2015doi10.3897bdj3e5204new-speciesnew-jersey-pine-barrensmuhlenbergia-torreyanapinebarren-smokegrassthreatened-speciesandrew-hicksmuseum-of-natural-historyuniversity-of-coloradogerry-moorenatural-resources-conservation-servicegreensboronculi-lorimerbrooklyn-botanic-gardenf.-whitcombirobert-whitcombmicrobiologyornithologyecologyhost-plantwarming-climatehuman-activitieszookeys-51169-79zookeys.511.9572roundwormnematodeantarcticamblydorylaimus-isokaryonipararhyssocolpus-paradoxusbulgariascanning-electron-microscopysemmaritime-antarcticantarctic-islandslip-regionspearvulvapostembryonic-developmentmolecular-analysesdorylaimidaelshishkalazarovaradoslavovhristovpeneva25-68zookeys.511.9793anidiv2bulgarian-academy-of-sciencesnational-scientific-fundoctocoralokinawajapannanipora-kamurailiving-fossilblue-coralhelioporaaragonite-calcium-carbonateskeletonscleractinianssoft-coralheliporacealithotelestidaeepiphaxumdeep-seashallow-coral-reefzamami-islandnational-parkmiyazakireimer1-23zookeys.511.9432non-biting-midgechironomusch.-bernensisnorth-caucasusrussiacaucasian-populationseuropesiberiakaryotypemorphologymouthpartslarvaechromosomegenotypic-combinationsmineralizationeutrophicationkarmokovpolukonovasinichkinatembotov-institute-of-ecology-of-mountain-territoriessaratov-state-medical-universitycomparative-cytogenetics-9281-297compcytogen.v9i3.4519sea-turtlerescue-centrefirst-aid-stationloggerheadgreen-turtlecaretta-carettachelonia-mydasbycatchmortalitygreecemigrationsexual-maturityullmannstachowitschuit-the-arctic-university-of-norwaynature-conservation-1045-69natureconservation.10.4890regional-activity-centre-for-specially-protected-areasporcupinecoendou-ichilluslower-urubambaperucanopy-bridgepipelinenatural-gasarborealcamera-trapdwarf-porcupineiquitos770ggregorylundezamora-mezacarrasco-ruedarepsol-exploración-perúzookeys-509109-121zookeys.509.9821antprionopeltamadagascarseychellessubterraneanleaf-litterdracula-anthemolymphlarval-hemolymph-feedingoophagymadagascar-biodiversity-centeroversonfisherzookeys-507115-150zookeys.507.9303itobillenmasukospideranelosimussubsocialcobweb-spidertheridiidaedeforestationbiodiversity-hotspotagnarssonuniversity-of-vermontsmithsonian-national-museum-of-natural-historywallacehuxleybuffonhookerlamarckdarwinmoramoraeriophyoid-miteacarixinjiangchinarosaceaeparacolomerusgallji-wei-liwangxuezhangzookeys-50897-111zookeys.508.8940shihezi-universitygrasshopperwyomingmelanoplusmelanoplinaeacrididaetetrigidaegomphocerniaeoedipodinaecyrtacanthacridinaedistribution-atlasfield-guidewgiswyoming-grasshopper-information-systemkeycapinerasechristhebardhelferscudderblatchleythomassayharrisdegeerbrunersaussuregirarddodgewalkerfieberfabriciusservillemcneilltinkhamburmeisterhaldemanbig-horn-mountainsblack-hillsgladstonindigensinfantilisdodgeioregonensismarshalliyellowstone-national-parksagebrushpineelevationshortgrass-prairiemixedgrass-prairieforbgrasseconomic-damagerangelandbenefitoverwinteregghatchadultlate-summeraugustoctoberjunelife-cyclefood-habitsizecollectionsurveyunderreportedcommonendemicrestricted-rangeforest-openinggrassymoderate-elevationlargersmallereastwestunited-statesamericanorthsouthcentralrangeextentlimitedrestrictedabundantpopulationdensityoccurrencepresenceabsencehabitatenvironmentconditionaltitudetopographyterrainvegetationplantshrubtreeforestopeningmeadowprairiesteppesavannawoodlanddrawslopeaspectsoilsubstratemoisturetemperatureclimateweatherseasonphenologytimingactivitynymphemergemoltdevelopgrowreproducemateovipositdiegenerationvoltinismunivoltinebivoltinemultivoltinesemivoltinediapauseaestivationhibernationdispersalmovementbehaviorhabitactionfeedingdietfoodhostassociationrelationshipinteractionspecialistgeneralistmonophagyoligophagypolyphagyherbivoredetritivorepredatorparasitoidscavengereconomic-importancepestbeneficialneutraldamagecontrolmanagementconservationthreatenedendangeredvulnerablesecureunknownglobal-biodiversity-information-facilityesbiodiversity-image-portalspanish-collectionstype-specimenlichenantarcticabernensisliyellowstoneFomoria septembrella
Hypericum Pigmy
Fomoria septembrella is a minute moth in the family Nepticulidae, commonly known as the Hypericum Pigmy. The species was originally described as Ectoedemia septembrella by Stainton in 1849 and later transferred to the genus Fomoria by Beirne in 1945. It is a leaf-mining species associated with Hypericum (St. John's wort) host plants. The moth is widely distributed across Europe and extends into the eastern Palearctic and Near East.
Galerucella nymphaeae
water-lily beetle, water lily leaf beetle
Galerucella nymphaeae is a univoltine skeletonizing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. Adults and larvae feed on aquatic and semi-aquatic host plants, primarily in the families Nymphaeaceae and Polygonaceae. The species exhibits a distinctive reproductive diapause strategy where adults mate in summer but delay oviposition until spring after overwintering. Populations show genetically based polymorphisms in morphology, size, and reproductive traits associated with host plant use, suggesting incipient host race formation.
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Northern Spring Amphipod
Gammarus pseudolimnaeus is a freshwater amphipod crustacean inhabiting lotic (flowing water) environments in North America. The species exhibits complex behavioral ecology, including size-selective predation vulnerability to fish predators such as brook trout and sculpins, and chemically-mediated responses to predation risk that influence reproductive behavior. Population dynamics are characterized by univoltine (single annual) generation cycles with high mortality during early life stages and winter periods. The species serves as an important prey item in stream food webs and has been extensively studied as a model organism for freshwater invertebrate ecology, toxicology, and predator-prey interactions.
freshwaterloticamphipodpredator-preybehavioral-ecologytoxicologyunivoltineNorth-Americamodel-organismstream-ecologysize-selective-predationchemical-ecologyparasitismacanthocephalacopper-toxicitymate-guardingcalceolimicrohabitat-selectionthigmotaxisdiel-activityseasonal-dynamicsproduction-ecologydriftbrook-troutsculpinOntarioVirginiaGammaridaecrustaceaninvertebratesenticaudataBousfield-1958Northern-Spring-AmphipodGargaphia tiliae
Basswood Lace Bug, Linden Lace Bug
Gargaphia tiliae is a univoltine lace bug in the family Tingidae, commonly known as the basswood lace bug or linden lace bug. It is a host-specific specialist feeding on Tilia species, with a well-documented life cycle involving overwintering as adults in leaf litter. The species exhibits parental care of eggs and nymphs—a notable behavioral trait among lace bugs—and aggregates on the undersides of host leaves during the active season.
Gelechia sabinellus
juniper gelechiid moth
Gelechia sabinellus, known as the juniper gelechiid moth, is a small gelechiid moth native to Europe that has been introduced to Great Britain and North America through accidental transport in garden junipers. The species is univoltine, with adults active in August. Larvae are specialist feeders on Juniperus species.
Gerris argenticollis
Gerris argenticollis is a univoltine water strider species native to North America. It inhabits temporary woodland ponds and exhibits temperature-dependent activity patterns, becoming active when air temperatures exceed 12°C. The species overwinters as adults and has been successfully reared in laboratory conditions.
Gimnomera
Gimnomera is a genus of flies in the family Scathophagidae, established by Rondani in 1866. The genus includes at least eight Nearctic species, three of which were described as new in a 2020 revision. Larvae of studied species feed on reproductive structures of specific host plants in the Scrophulariaceae family, with life cycles tightly synchronized to host phenology. Adults are predaceous on small insects.
Gimnomera cerea
Gimnomera cerea is a Nearctic dung fly (family Scathophagidae) with a highly specialized life history tied to its host plant, Pedicularis canadensis. The species has a single annual generation synchronized to the flowering phenology of this hemiparasitic plant. Larvae are herbivorous, feeding on ovules and capsules, while adults of both sexes are predaceous on small insects. The species undergoes protracted diapause in soil puparia, an adaptation likely linked to the ephemeral availability of host plant reproductive tissues.
Globia oblonga
Oblong Sedge Borer Moth, oblong sedge borer
Globia oblonga is a noctuid moth commonly known as the oblong sedge borer. First described by Grote in 1882, this species was formerly placed in the genus Capsula before that name was abandoned due to a homonym conflict with a mollusk genus. The species is notable for its specialized larval biology: early instars are leaf miners on emergent aquatic plants, while later instars transition to stem-boring below the water line. Adults are medium-sized moths with wingspans of 35–50 mm.