Multivoltine
Guides
Glossosoma
little black caddisflies
Glossosoma is a genus of small caddisflies comprising over 110 described species, commonly known as little black caddisflies. Larvae construct portable dome-shaped cases from mineral particles and occupy the upper surfaces of stones in flowing waters. The genus exhibits multivoltine life histories with varying generation times among species.
Glycaspis
Glycaspis is a genus of plant-parasitic psyllids in the family Aphalaridae. Species in this genus are strongly associated with Eucalyptus host plants. The genus includes at least two described species: Glycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid), a significant invasive pest of eucalyptus plantations worldwide, and Glycaspis granulata. Many Glycaspis species exhibit high host specificity, often restricted to single Eucalyptus species or closely related host groups. The genus is native to Australia, where it shows patterns of short-range endemism linked to host plant distribution.
Glycaspis brimblecombei
Red Gum Lerp Psyllid
Glycaspis brimblecombei, the Red Gum Lerp Psyllid, is an invasive sap-sucking insect native to Australia that has become a significant pest of Eucalyptus plantations worldwide. First described by Moore in 1964, this psyllid has spread to North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia, causing substantial damage to forestry productivity. Nymphs construct protective sugary coverings called lerps while feeding on leaf phloem, and their multivoltine life cycle enables rapid population growth. The species is a major target for biological control efforts using parasitoids, predators, and entomopathogenic fungi.
Gondysia consobrina
Consobrina's Darkwing, Consobrina Darkwing Moth
Gondysia consobrina is a noctuid moth of the family Erebidae, first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. The species was transferred from the genus Dysgonia to Gondysia based on morphological and molecular evidence. It occurs in the southeastern United States, where it produces multiple generations annually. The larval host plant remains unknown.
Gondysia similis
Gordonia Darkwing
Gondysia similis, commonly known as the gordonia darkwing, is a moth species in the family Erebidae. First described by Achille Guenée in 1852, this species occurs in the southeastern United States. The larvae are specialized feeders on Gordonia lasianthus (loblolly bay), a relationship that defines both its common name and ecological niche. Adults are active from spring through early autumn with multiple generations per year.
Gretchena bolliana
Pecan Bud Moth, Gray-flanked Gretchena Moth
Gretchena bolliana is a small tortricid moth native to the southern and southwestern United States. The species is an economic pest of pecan orchards, where larvae feed on foliage of Carya illinoinensis. It completes multiple generations annually in its warm-climate range.
Halysidota tessellaris
Banded Tussock Moth, Pale Tiger Moth, Tessellated Halisidota
A tiger moth species in the family Erebidae, described by James Edward Smith in 1797. Adults acquire defensive alkaloids from host plants. Caterpillars are conspicuous, with distinctive tufted setae and extra-long hair-pencils at both ends. The species is univoltine in northern parts of its range and multivoltine in the south.
Homaledra
palm-leaf skeletonizer
Homaledra is a genus of small moths in the family Pterolonchidae, native to North and South America. The genus includes at least four species, with H. sabalella and H. heptathalama known as pests of palms in the southeastern United States. Larvae are specialist herbivores of palms, feeding colonially on frond undersides beneath protective silk cover.
Hypena baltimoralis
Baltimore Hypena, Baltimore Bomolocha
A moth of the family Erebidae, described by Guenée in 1854. Adults fly from April to October with multiple generations per year, more numerous in southern portions of its range. The species is strongly associated with deciduous forests and maple-feeding larvae.
Hypena manalis
Flowing-line Hypena, Flowing-lined Snout
Hypena manalis is a small moth in the family Erebidae, commonly known as the flowing-line hypena or flowing-lined snout. It occurs across eastern and central North America from Minnesota and Nova Scotia south to Florida and Texas. The species is multivoltine, with adults active from spring through late summer. Larvae feed primarily on false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), though they have been successfully reared on dandelion and dock in captivity.
Hypenula cacuminalis
Long-horned Owlet, Long-horned Owlet Moth
Hypenula cacuminalis, commonly known as the long-horned owlet moth, is a small moth in the family Erebidae. It is native to the southeastern United States, ranging west to Texas and Arizona. The species exhibits extended flight activity in warmer regions, with multiple generations per year in the southern part of its range.
Idia denticulalis
Toothed Idia Moth
Idia denticulalis is a small litter moth in the family Erebidae, first described by Leon F. Harvey in 1875. The species is widely distributed across eastern and central North America, from Quebec south to Alabama and Texas. Adults are active from spring through late summer, with generation timing varying by latitude. Larvae feed on lichen and detritus.
Idia lubricalis
Glossy Black Idia Moth, Glossy Black Idia
Idia lubricalis, commonly known as the Glossy Black Idia Moth, is a litter moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Carl Geyer in 1832. It is a small to medium-sized moth with a wingspan of 24–36 mm, found in deciduous forests across eastern North America from Canada to Florida and Texas. Adults are active from May through September, with multiple generations occurring annually in southern portions of its range.
Keiferia lycopersicella
Tomato Pinworm
Keiferia lycopersicella, the tomato pinworm, is a gelechiid moth and significant agricultural pest of Solanaceae crops. Native to warm regions of the Americas, it has expanded its range through greenhouse production and international trade. The species completes seven to eight generations annually in favorable climates. Larvae are leaf miners and fruit borers, causing direct damage to tomatoes, eggplants, and potatoes. Adults communicate via sex pheromones, with synthetic lures used for monitoring and management.
Kytorhinus
Kytorhinus is a genus of seed beetles in the subfamily Bruchinae, family Chrysomelidae. The genus includes species that are specialized seed predators of leguminous plants. Kytorhinus sharpianus, the most studied species, exhibits complex multivoltine life cycles with photoperiodically induced larval diapause and shows female-biased sex ratios in field populations. Adults are small beetles that oviposit on host plant pods, with larvae developing inside seeds.
Lapara phaeobrachycerous
Gulf Pine Sphinx
Lapara phaeobrachycerous, the Gulf Pine Sphinx, is a sphinx moth (Sphingidae) described by Brou in 1994. It is restricted to pine forests in the southeastern United States, specifically Mississippi and eastern Louisiana. Adults have a wingspan of 64–78 mm and are active from April through October.
Lascoria ambigualis
Ambiguous Moth
Lascoria ambigualis is a litter moth in the subfamily Herminiinae, first described by Francis Walker in 1866. Adults are active from April through September, with two generations in Connecticut and multiple broods in Missouri. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in wing morphology. Larvae feed on living plant material and have been successfully reared on dead leaves.
Leptoglossus
leaf-footed bugs
Leptoglossus is a genus of true bugs in the leaf-footed bug family Coreidae, tribe Anisoscelini. Species are characterized by leaflike dilations of the hind tibia, a diagnostic trait of the genus. The genus is distributed throughout the Americas, with some introduced populations in Europe and Asia. Several species are economically significant agricultural pests, notably L. occidentalis, which has become invasive in multiple continents.
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nchanmoss-bugarchaeorrhynchanfulgoromorphancicadomorphanmembracoidtreehopperleafhopperplanthopperpsyllidjumping-plant-lousewhiteflyaleyrodidscale-insectcoccoidmealybugaphidadelgidphylloxeransternorrhynchanthysanopteranthripspsocopteranbarklousebooklousephthirapteranlousesucking-lousechewing-lousemallophagananoplurandermapteranearwigblattodeancockroachtermiteisopteranmantodeanmantidphasmidstick-insectleaf-insectorthopterangrasshopperlocustkatydidcricketmole-cricketpygmy-mole-cricketcamel-cricketcave-cricketwetaensiferancaeliferangryllotalpidmyrmecophilidtettigoniidgryllidacrididpamphagidpneumoridlentulidtristirideumastacidproscopiidtridactylidtetrigidgrouse-locustpygmy-grasshopperplecopteranstoneflyembiopteranwebspinnerzorapteranangel-insectdictyopteranLeptotes marina
Marine Blue, Striped Blue
Leptotes marina is a small butterfly in the family Lycaenidae, commonly known as the Marine Blue or Striped Blue. Adults have a wingspan of 22–29 mm with blue uppersides and brown-banded undersides marked with two blue spots on the hindwings. The species occurs from South America through Mexico to the southern United States, with adults active year-round in the south and from April to September in northern populations. Larvae feed on a diverse range of leguminous plants including Astragalus, Prosopis, and Wisteria.
Loxostege albiceralis
Tan-edge Loxostege
Loxostege albiceralis is a crambid moth described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1878. It occurs in arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The species is notable as a documented host for the mason wasp Euodynerus annulatus, which provisions its nests with Loxostege caterpillars. Adults are active across an extended flight season from early spring through autumn.
Macrochilo orciferalis
Bronzy Macrochilo, Chocolate Fan-foot, Bronzy Owlet
Macrochilo orciferalis is a small litter moth in the subfamily Herminiinae, commonly known as the bronzy macrochilo or chocolate fan-foot. It is widely distributed across eastern and central North America. Adults fly during summer months with multiple generations per year in northern populations.
Macrosteles divisus
Macrosteles divisus is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae. It is known primarily as a vector of carrot yellows disease (phytoplasma) in agricultural systems. The species overwinters as eggs in plant tissues, with nymphs emerging in spring and multiple generations occurring through the growing season. Population activity peaks in mid to late summer.
Mangora
Tuftlegged Orbweaver, Stabilimentum Orb-weaver
Mangora is a genus of small orb-weaving spiders in the family Araneidae, commonly known as tuftlegged orbweavers. These spiders are distinguished by their compact bodies, often with prominent abdominal projections or tubercles, and their distinctive vertical orb webs that frequently feature white silk decorations called stabilimenta. The genus occurs across North America, Europe, and parts of Asia, with species inhabiting diverse habitats from woodlands to grasslands. Mangora spiders are active primarily in late spring and summer, with some species producing multiple generations per year.
Melipotis jucunda
Merry Melipotis Moth, Merry Graphic Moth
Melipotis jucunda is a moth in the family Erebidae with a wingspan of 35–42 mm. It occurs across much of North America, from western Canada through the United States to Mexico, with additional records in Colombia and northeast Brazil. The species produces two to three generations annually in New Jersey and multiple generations farther south.
Metalectra discalis
Common Fungus Moth
Metalectra discalis, known as the common fungus moth, is a small moth in the family Erebidae. It occurs across eastern and central North America, with adults active primarily during summer months. The species is notable for larval associations with fungi rather than plants.
Metamasius callizona
Mexican bromeliad weevil
Metamasius callizona is an invasive weevil native to southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Panama that was first documented in Florida in 1989. Adult females chew slits in bromeliad leaves near feeding sites and deposit single eggs within these wounds. Larvae mine meristematic tissue and flower stalks, typically killing host plants, while adult leaf feeding is generally non-fatal. Florida populations have grown dramatically larger than native-range densities and now threaten multiple native and endangered bromeliad species.
invasive-speciespestbiological-controlbromeliad-specialistFloridaMexicoGuatemalaPanamaTillandsiaAnanasLixadmontia-frankiholometabolousmultivoltineepiphyteconservation-concernendangered-species-threatgardening-industry-vectorparasitoid-introductionBeauveria-bassiana-(native-range-pathogen-not-present-in-Florida)Microtheca
leaf beetles
Microtheca is a genus of leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Chrysomelinae. The genus contains several economically important agricultural pests, particularly of Brassicaceae crops. The most extensively studied species include M. ochroloma (yellowmargined leaf beetle) and M. punctigera, both of which are oligophagous specialists on cruciferous plants. These beetles are native to the Neotropics but have become significant pests in organic agriculture systems where synthetic insecticides are restricted.
Nemoria bistriaria
Red-fringed Emerald, Two-striped Emerald
A small emerald moth with distinctive red or pinkish marginal banding on the wings. Adults are active across much of North America from spring through fall, with multiple generations annually. Two subspecies are recognized, differing in distribution across eastern North America.
Neoconocephalus triops
Broad-tipped Conehead
Neoconocephalus triops, commonly known as the broad-tipped conehead, is a large katydid species in the family Tettigoniidae. It has a wide geographic distribution spanning from Peru to Ohio, USA, including the Caribbean and North America. Females use male pulse rate and call structure for mate recognition, with documented geographic variation in signal preferences between populations. Puerto Rican females show high selectivity for pulse rate but not call structure, while Costa Rican females prefer versed calls and show temperature-dependent selectivity for pulse rate.
Ochthebius
minute moss beetles
Ochthebius is a large genus of minute moss beetles in the family Hydraenidae, comprising at least 460 described species. These tiny beetles are predominantly associated with aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, particularly supratidal rockpools, coastal marshes, and freshwater spray zones. Many species exhibit narrow habitat preferences and restricted distributions, with numerous endemic taxa. The genus shows significant diversity in the Mediterranean region, Africa, and other parts of the world, and includes several cryptic species complexes.
Omiodes indicata
bean-leaf webworm moth, soybean leaf folder
Omiodes indicata is a small crambid moth with a wingspan of approximately 20 mm. It is a significant agricultural pest of leguminous crops across tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and the Americas. The species is multivoltine with overlapping generations, causing damage throughout the year.
Oobius agrili
Oob
Oobius agrili is a tiny, solitary egg parasitoid wasp in the family Encyrtidae, native to Northeast Asia. It is the only egg parasitoid released for biological control of the invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) in North America, where it has been introduced in over 31 US states. The species is parthenogenic, produces multiple generations annually, and achieves partial phenological synchrony with its host's egg-laying period. Individual females can parasitize more than 60 host eggs, with field parasitism rates reaching 60% in optimal conditions.
Ormia lineifrons
Ormia lineifrons is a multivoltine koinobiont endoparasitoid fly in the family Tachinidae. It is native to the Americas and has been studied extensively in Kentucky, USA, where it parasitizes four species of Neoconocephalus katydids in a sequential pattern across its three annual generations. The fly locates hosts by eavesdropping on male katydid mating calls, depositing first-instar larvae that develop internally and kill the host upon emergence. Its multi-species host use creates complex evolutionary dynamics with each host species exerting different selective pressures.
Palpita magniferalis
splendid palpita snout moth, ash pyralid, ash leafroller
Palpita magniferalis is a small crambid moth native to eastern North America. Adults are active from spring through fall, with a wingspan of 23–27 mm. The larvae are specialized feeders on Fraxinus (ash) species, giving rise to the common name 'ash leafroller.' The species is sometimes confused with Palpita guttulosa, which some authors treat as a distinct species.
Paralobesia viteana
Grape Berry Moth
Paralobesia viteana, the grape berry moth, is a tortricid moth native to eastern North America and an economically significant pest of cultivated and wild grapes (Vitis spp.). Larvae damage grape berries directly through feeding and indirectly by increasing susceptibility to fungal and bacterial pathogens. The species completes two to four generations annually depending on latitude and climate, with the final generation overwintering as pupae in leaf litter. It is considered one of the most damaging insect pests of grapes in eastern North America.
Pareuchaetes
Pareuchaetes is a genus of arctiine tussock moths in the family Erebidae, erected by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1866. The genus contains six described species distributed from the southern United States to northern Argentina. Several species have been employed as biological control agents against the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata in Africa and Asia, with varying degrees of establishment success. The genus is notable for its specialist association with Chromolaena host plants and its use in classical biological control programs.
Pareuchaetes insulata
yellow-winged pareuchaetes
Pareuchaetes insulata is a moth in the family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae, first described by Francis Walker in 1855. Native to the Caribbean and southern United States, it has been introduced to South Africa as a biological control agent for the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata. The species exhibits high host specificity, with larvae feeding primarily on C. odorata. Adult moths have a wingspan of 26–38 mm and are active year-round, peaking from April to November.
Paromius
dirt-colored seed bugs
Paromius is a genus of seed bugs in the family Rhyparochromidae containing approximately 15 described species. Members are elongate, parallel-sided bugs with glabrous integument and distinctive pronotal structure. The genus has broad geographic distribution spanning the Afrotropical region and subtropical Eurasia, with at least one species extending into temperate Europe. Some species are associated with grasses (Poaceae) and can be agricultural pests, while others occupy dry, xerothermic habitats.
Phalaenophana pyramusalis
Dark-banded Owlet
Phalaenophana pyramusalis, commonly known as the dark-banded owlet, is a small moth in the family Erebidae. First described by Francis Walker in 1859, this species is widespread across eastern and central North America. Adults are active during summer months, with multiple generations per year in most of its range. The larvae are detritivores that feed on decaying leaf litter.
Phalaenostola larentioides
Black-banded Owlet
A small moth in the family Erebidae, first described by Grote in 1873. Adults have a wingspan of 17–24 mm and are active from May to September, with two or more generations per year. The species is widespread in eastern North America.
Phyciodes mylitta
Mylitta Crescent, Mylitta Crescentspot
Phyciodes mylitta, commonly known as the Mylitta Crescent or Mylitta Crescentspot, is a small brush-footed butterfly native to western North America. It is an abundant, weedy species that has expanded its range following the introduction of European thistle species. The butterfly is strongly associated with thistles (Cirsium, Carduus, and Silybum) as larval host plants, and adults visit diverse flowers for nectar. It is notable for its variable wing patterns, with males showing especially variable upperside markings, and for its ability to breed continuously in warm conditions.
Phytodietus
Phytodietus is a species-rich genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Tryphoninae, distributed across all zoogeographical regions. Members are koinobiont ectoparasitoids of semi-concealed Lepidoptera larvae, with documented associations primarily to Tortricidae and Pyralidae. The genus was recently recorded from Thailand for the first time, expanding Oriental region documentation. Several species have been investigated for biological control of agricultural pests.
Phytomyza glabricola
inkberry holly leafminer
Phytomyza glabricola is a leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, endemic to the eastern United States. The species exhibits host-associated divergence on two sympatric holly species, Ilex glabra and I. coriacea, with populations on each host showing substantial genetic divergence and reproductive isolation. Development time differs dramatically between host races: 2-4 weeks with multiple generations per year on I. glabra versus 9-10 months with a single generation per year on I. coriacea. Despite these differences, adults from both hosts emerge synchronously in mid-January to mid-February. The species provides a well-documented case of ecological speciation via host shift.
Pieris rapae
small white, cabbage white, cabbage butterfly, small cabbage white, imported cabbageworm (larval stage), white butterfly (New Zealand)
Pieris rapae is a small to medium-sized butterfly in the family Pieridae, native to Europe and Asia and introduced to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii. Adults are white with black wing markings; females bear two additional black spots on the forewings. The species is a significant agricultural pest in its larval stage, known as the imported cabbageworm, feeding on cruciferous crops. It has been extensively studied for its responses to climate change, with long-term data showing progressively earlier spring emergence in North America.
Pleuroprucha insulsaria
Common Tan Wave, common tan wave moth
Pleuroprucha insulsaria, known as the Common Tan Wave, is a small geometrid moth with a broad distribution spanning eastern North America through Central and South America to the Galápagos Islands. Adults are active from spring through fall, with timing varying by latitude. The species is notable for its generalist larval feeding habits across multiple plant families.
Podagrion
Podagrion is a genus of small parasitoid wasps in the family Torymidae that exclusively parasitize mantid egg cases (oothecae). Adults measure 2–3 mm and possess distinctive raptorial hind legs that mimic their mantis hosts, along with elongated ovipositors for penetrating oothecae. The genus exhibits a near-cosmopolitan distribution with strongest representation in Afrotropical, Neotropical, and Australasian regions. Podagrion demonstrates complex reproductive adaptations including multivoltine life cycles, phoretic oviposition behavior, and frequent sib-mating facilitated by limited dispersal.
Porphyrosela
Porphyrosela is a genus of small leaf-mining moths in the family Gracillariidae, subfamily Lithocolletinae. Species are distributed across multiple continents including the Neotropics, Australia, and Asia. The genus is characterized by larvae that create blotch mines on host plant leaves, primarily in the family Fabaceae. At least 13 species are recognized, with several described from South America and others from Australia and Asia.
Porphyrosela minuta
A tiny leaf-mining moth in the family Gracillariidae, Porphyrosela minuta creates distinctive white blotch mines on clover leaves. Native to South America, it has established populations in North America following recent introduction. The species is multivoltine with rapid development, completing its life cycle in approximately 16 days at 25°C. Adults are minute and difficult to observe in the field.
Praydidae
false ermine moths
Praydidae is a family of small moths in the superfamily Yponomeutoidea, elevated from subfamily rank in 2013 based on molecular evidence. The family includes the economically significant genus Prays, notably Prays oleae (olive moth), a major agricultural pest of olive trees. Members are characterized by their association with woody plants and, in some species, distinct multivoltine life cycles with generation-specific feeding habits.
Procladius bellus
Procladius bellus is a non-biting midge in the family Chironomidae, first described by Loew in 1866. It inhabits freshwater systems, particularly reservoirs with fluctuating water levels. Research in Laurel Creek Reservoir, Ontario, documented its ability to survive winter drawdown periods and complete three generations annually under favorable conditions.