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Dichomeris copa
Copa Dichomeris Moth
A small gelechiid moth described by Ronald W. Hodges in 1986. The species name derives from Latin 'copa' meaning 'dancing girl.' Adults are active from June through September and have been recorded across the eastern and central United States and southern Canada. The larvae feed on goldenrod species (Solidago).
Gelechiidae twirler-moth goldenrod-feeder North-America herbivore specialist
Dichomeris inserrata
Indented Dichomeris Moth
Dichomeris inserrata, commonly known as the Indented Dichomeris Moth, is a small gelechiid moth native to the United States. Adults are characterized by a wingspan of 5.4–8.3 mm. The species is associated with goldenrod as a larval host plant. It has been documented across multiple eastern and central U.S. states.
Gelechiidae microlepidoptera herbivore North-America goldenrod-associate
Dichomeris nenia
A small moth in the family Gelechiidae described by Ronald W. Hodges in 1986. Adults are active across multiple seasons in the southeastern United States. The larval stage feeds specifically on Indigofera lindheimeri, a species of indigo plant.
Gelechiidae moth North-America herbivore legume-feeder
Dichrorampha acuminatana
Sharp-winged Drill
Dichrorampha acuminatana is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 10–15 mm, found across Europe and the Near East. The species exhibits distinctive wing patterns with dark fuscous ground color, purplish tints, and ochreous irroration. Adults are active from May to September, with larvae feeding on Leucanthemum vulgare (oxeye daisy) and Tanacetum vulgare (tansy). The species has been well-documented in Belgium and the Netherlands, with over 2,000 iNaturalist observations.
Lepidoptera Tortricidae Olethreutinae Grapholitini Europe Near-East leaf-miner herbivore diurnal alpine meadow Asteraceae host-specific well-documented common-species 1846-description Lienig Zeller Sharp-winged-Drill
Dietzella zimmermanni
minute seed weevil
Dietzella zimmermanni is a small weevil species in the family Curculionidae. Larvae are known to feed on leaves of specific host plants in the evening primrose family, including Oenothera pilosella, with this association representing the first documented larval host record for the species. The species occurs across North America with records from Canada and the United States.
Coleoptera Curculionidae Ceutorhynchinae weevil herbivore Onagraceae North-America leaf-feeder larval-host-specialist
Disonycha
Disonycha is a genus of flea beetles (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) containing approximately 170 species distributed in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Species in this genus are herbivorous, with many showing strong host plant specializations including passion vines (Passiflora), willows (Salix), and legumes. Some species exhibit eruptive population dynamics and at least two passion vine specialists have been documented practicing egg cannibalism (conspecific oophagy) by adults—a behavior first reported for the subfamily Galerucinae.
flea-beetle Alticini herbivore host-specialist egg-cannibalism eruptive-population biological-control-candidate
Dixianus
Dixianus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, established by Ball in 1918. It belongs to the tribe Opsiini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The genus is part of the diverse Hemipteran radiation of true bugs, with species distributed across North America. Dixianus species are small, active insects associated with herbaceous vegetation.
leafhopper cicadellidae auchenorrhyncha hemiptera north-america herbivore
Dolerus neoagcistus
Dolerus neoagcistus is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. Sawflies are non-stinging relatives of wasps, bees, and ants, distinguished from other Hymenoptera by a broad connection between the thorax and abdomen (lacking the narrow 'wasp waist'). As a member of the genus Dolerus, this species is part of a group whose larvae are herbivorous and often resemble caterpillars. The species has been documented in 11 observations on iNaturalist, indicating it is relatively rarely recorded.
sawfly Tenthredinidae Symphyta herbivore larva
Dolerus nitens
Shining Griever
Dolerus nitens is a Palearctic sawfly species in the family Tenthredinidae, commonly known as the Shining Griever. The species has been introduced to North America and is now established in Canada, with confirmed records from British Columbia, Newfoundland, Ontario, and Prince Edward Island. Like other members of the genus Dolerus, this species is a herbivorous sawfly whose larvae feed on grasses and sedges.
sawfly introduced-species Palearctic North-America grassland herbivore
Dolerus nortoni
Dolerus nortoni is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. Sawflies are non-stinging relatives of wasps, bees, and ants, distinguished by a broad connection between the thorax and abdomen (lacking the narrow 'wasp waist' of Apocrita). The genus Dolerus comprises numerous species, many of which are associated with grasses and sedges. Adults are typically active in spring and early summer.
sawfly Tenthredinidae Symphyta herbivore grassland wetland spring non-stinging
Donacia cincticornis
Girdle-horned Pond Lily Leaf Beetle
Donacia cincticornis is a species of aquatic leaf beetle in the subfamily Donaciinae, characterized by its association with aquatic vegetation. The species is known from the Caribbean, Central America, and North America. Three subspecies have been described: D. c. cincticornis, D. c. tenuis, and D. c. tryphera. Like other members of the genus Donacia, it is closely tied to freshwater habitats.
aquatic-beetle leaf-beetle Donaciinae water-lily-beetle freshwater-insect herbivore New-World
Donacia dissimilis
Donacia dissimilis is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Donaciinae. Like other members of its genus, it is an aquatic or semi-aquatic beetle associated with freshwater habitats. The species was described by Schaeffer in 1925 and is known from North America.
aquatic-beetle leaf-beetle freshwater-insect herbivore
Donacia tuberculata
Tuberculate reed beetle
Donacia tuberculata is a species of aquatic leaf beetle in the subfamily Donaciinae. It occurs in North America and is associated with aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats. Like other members of its genus, it is linked to wetland vegetation and has aquatic larvae that develop on submerged plant roots.
aquatic wetland leaf-beetle Chrysomelidae Donaciinae North-America herbivore freshwater
Dryocosmus minusculus
Pumpkin Gall Wasp
Dryocosmus minusculus is an abundant cynipid wasp endemic to California. The species induces small, round galls on oak leaves, commonly called pumpkin galls. Adults emerge in spring after overwintering as larvae within galls. The species is strictly associated with three oak species in the region.
cynipid gall-wasp oak-gall California-endemic univoltine herbivore
Dryopidae
long-toed water beetles
Dryopidae is a family of aquatic beetles in the superfamily Byrrhoidea, commonly known as long-toed water beetles. Adults possess dense hydrofuge hairs that enable underwater respiration and extended claws that give the family its common name. Despite being aquatic, adults cannot swim and instead cling to floating detritus. The family is distinguished from similar riffle beetles (Elmidae) by antennae that are not clubbed. Most species have terrestrial larvae, though the genus Stygoparnus has fully aquatic larvae and adults.
aquatic freshwater bioindicator Byrrhoidea herbivore non-swimming terrestrial-larvae
Edrotes ventricosus
hairy robot beetle, desert hairy robot beetle
Edrotes ventricosus is a small darkling beetle native to southwestern North American deserts. Adults are distinctive for their rounded, compact body shape and dense covering of dorsal hairs. The species is herbivorous and has been observed feeding on several plant species including saltgrass and cheat grass. It is active primarily from early spring through late winter, with year-round activity in the southern portion of its range. The beetle has become popular in the pet trade due to its manageable care requirements and appealing appearance.
darkling-beetle desert-fauna herbivore pet-trade
Ellida caniplaga
Linden Prominent, linden prominent moth
Ellida caniplaga, the linden prominent moth, is a North American notodontid moth distributed across eastern and central United States and Canada. Adults fly from April through September with two generations annually in southern populations. The species is strongly associated with Tilia (linden/basswood) trees, upon which larvae feed.
Notodontidae Lepidoptera North-America herbivore forest-moth Tilia-associate
Elophila icciusalis
pondside pyralid moth, Pondside Crambid Moth
Elophila icciusalis, commonly known as the pondside pyralid moth, is a small crambid moth native to most of North America. The species has a wingspan of 16–26 mm and is active from June through September. Its larvae are fully aquatic, feeding on submerged aquatic vegetation in freshwater habitats. Three subspecies are recognized: E. i. albiplaga, E. i. avalona, and the nominate E. i. icciusalis.
aquatic-moth freshwater herbivore North-America Crambidae Acentropinae
Elophila occidentalis
Elophila occidentalis is a small crambid moth described by William Harry Lange in 1956. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in wing size, with females notably larger than males. Adults are active during summer months with multiple generations per year. Larvae are aquatic and feed on submerged aquatic plants.
aquatic-moth crambid freshwater herbivore sexual-dimorphism western-United-States
Empria
Empria is a genus of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae, distributed across the Palaearctic region with records from Europe, Japan, and other parts of Asia. Species within the genus are primarily herbivorous, with documented host plant associations predominantly in Rosaceae and a single record in Ericaceae. The genus includes several morphologically similar species groups that have required taxonomic revision using integrated approaches combining morphology, morphometrics, and molecular data.
sawfly Tenthredinidae herbivore Rosaceae Ericaceae Palaearctic cryptic-species molecular-systematics
Encoptolophus costalis
Dusky Grasshopper, Western Clouded Grasshopper
Encoptolophus costalis is a medium-sized band-winged grasshopper native to western North America. It is primarily a grass-feeding species with a strong preference for western wheatgrass and needleleaf sedge. The species exhibits marked sexual dimorphism in body size and possesses long wings enabling dispersal flight. It is most abundant in the northern mixedgrass prairie, where it can become locally dominant, though typically remains a subdominant member of grasshopper assemblages.
grasshopper rangeland prairie herbivore pest North-America band-winged Acrididae Oedipodinae
Epiblema otiosana
bidens borer moth
Epiblema otiosana, commonly known as the bidens borer moth, is a small tortricid moth with a wingspan of 12–20 mm. The species is named for its larval association with plants in the genus Bidens. It occurs across eastern and central North America, from southern Canada to the Gulf Coast.
Tortricidae leafroller-moth herbivore North-America Bidens
Epirrita autumnata
Autumnal Moth
Epirrita autumnata, the autumnal moth, is a geometrid moth native to northern Fennoscandia and the Palearctic region. Its larvae feed primarily on mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa and ssp. czerepanovii) foliage, with outbreaks capable of defoliating extensive birch forests. The species exhibits cyclic population dynamics with outbreak and non-outbreak phases. Eggs overwinter in diapause, showing exceptional cold hardiness with supercooling points reaching −36.5 °C. Adult females suffer substantial predation pressure from invertebrate predators, particularly harvestmen.
geometrid-moth mountain-birch population-cycles cold-hardiness diapause herbivore Fennoscandia outbreak-species foliar-phenolics parasitoids
Episimus argutana
Sumac Leaftier Moth
Episimus argutana, commonly known as the Sumac Leaftier Moth, is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae. The common name refers to the larval habit of tying leaves together with silk. The species is known from parts of eastern North America.
tortricidae olethreutinae leaf-tying sumac herbivore
Erannis vancouverensis
Vancouver Looper
Erannis vancouverensis is a geometrid moth occurring from northern British Columbia to central California. Larvae feed on young leaves of deciduous trees. Adults emerge during late autumn, with females being wingless. The species occasionally reaches infestation levels and is subject to natural population control through virus disease and tachinid fly parasitism.
geometrid-moth wingless-female deciduous-forest Pacific-coast autumn-emergence tachinid-parasitism viral-disease herbivore pest-species
Eriocampini
Eriocampini is a tribe of sawflies within the family Tenthredinidae. Members are herbivorous, with larvae that feed externally on foliage of various plants. The tribe includes economically significant species such as the pear slug (Caliroa cerasi), whose larvae skeletonize leaves of fruit trees. Eriocampini sawflies are distributed across the Holarctic region, with greatest diversity in North America and Eurasia.
sawfly herbivore pest orchard slug-like-larvae Holarctic Tenthredinidae leaf-skeletonizer
Eteobalea sexnotella
Eteobalea sexnotella is a small moth in the family Cosmopterigidae, native to North America. Adults are active from January and March through September, with a wingspan of approximately 17 mm. The species is notable for its larval association with two Trichostema plant species, where larvae develop within stem galls.
gall-former herbivore North-America Lepidoptera Cosmopterigidae
Ethmia
Ethmia is a large genus of small gelechioid moths comprising over 250 described species globally. The genus serves as the type genus for family Ethmiidae (sometimes treated as subfamily within Elachistidae or Oecophoridae). Species are characterized by distinctive black, white, and gray patterned forewings, and most larvae feed on plants in the Boraginaceae family, with Gesneriaceae recorded as an additional host family in the Neotropics. The genus exhibits greatest diversity in arid and semi-arid regions, with substantial radiations in southwestern North America and the Neotropics.
moth Lepidoptera Ethmiidae Depressariidae Boraginaceae herbivore nocturnal microlepidoptera gelechioid
Ethmia albicostella
Pale-edged Ethmia Moth
Ethmia albicostella is a small moth species in the family Depressariidae, distributed across the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Madre Occidental. The species is notable for its distinctive wing pattern featuring a straight longitudinal line dividing dark and pale areas. Adults are active during mid-summer, and larvae feed specifically on Lithospermum species in the Boraginaceae family.
moth Depressariidae Rocky-Mountains herbivore Lithospermum
Ethmia trifurcella
Ethmia trifurcella is a small moth in the family Depressariidae, distributed across eastern and central North America. The species is characterized by distinctive forewing patterning with a sinuate longitudinal line dividing dark and pale areas. Larvae are specialized herbivores that construct tubular shelters on host plant leaves.
moth Depressariidae Ethmiinae herbivore specialist leaf-miner shelter-builder North-America nocturnal Boraginaceae-feeder
Euaresta bullans
Spiny Cocklebur Fruit Fly
Euaresta bullans is a fruit fly in the family Tephritidae, commonly known as the Spiny Cocklebur Fruit Fly. The species is native to South America and has been introduced to multiple regions including western North America, southern Europe, the Middle East, South Africa, and Australia. It is associated with plants in the genera Ambrosia, Xanthium, and Dicoria, where it feeds on flowers and seeds.
fruit-fly Tephritidae introduced-species herbivore seed-feeder
Eudiagogus
Sesbania clown weevils, Clown Weevils
Eudiagogus is a genus of weevils in the family Curculionidae, commonly known as sesbania clown weevils. The genus comprises approximately five described species, including the distinctive Eudiagogus pulcher, known as the beautiful clown weevil. These weevils are associated with plants of the genus Sesbania, which serve as their primary food source.
weevil Curculionidae herbivore Sesbania Neotropical
Euhrychiopsis
milfoil weevil
Euhrychiopsis is a genus of small aquatic weevils in the tribe Phytobiini, family Curculionidae. The genus contains at least one well-studied species, Euhrychiopsis lecontei, commonly known as the milfoil weevil. Members of this genus are fully submersed freshwater specialists that feed on watermilfoil plants (Myriophyllum species). The genus has gained attention for its potential use in biological control of invasive aquatic plants.
aquatic-insect biological-control herbivore weevil invasive-species-management freshwater-ecology
Eulithis molliculata
Dimorphic Eulithis Moth, dimorphic eulithis
Eulithis molliculata, commonly known as the Dimorphic Eulithis Moth, is a geometrid moth in the subfamily Larentiinae. The species is found throughout North America. Its larvae feed on common ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius), a native shrub. The common name 'dimorphic' refers to distinct color variations in adult specimens.
geometridae larentiinae north-america dimorphic herbivore specialist
Euphilotes glaucon
Glaucon Blue
Euphilotes glaucon is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae, commonly known as the Glaucon Blue. It is currently treated as a synonym of Euphilotes battoides (square-spotted blue or buckwheat blue) by some authorities. The species occurs in western North America and is associated with buckwheat plants as larval hosts.
Lycaenidae butterfly western-North-America buckwheat-blue synonym pollinator herbivore Eriogonum glaucopsyche-group blue-butterfly
Euptoieta claudia
Variegated Fritillary
Euptoieta claudia, commonly known as the variegated fritillary, is a migratory butterfly native to North and South America. Unlike the sedentary Speyeria fritillaries, this species is nomadic and produces two to three broods annually. Adults are highly wary and difficult to approach, a trait reflected in the genus name derived from Greek meaning 'easily scared.' The species is one of the last butterflies active in temperate regions each growing season before migrating south to overwinter.
diurnal migratory pollinator herbivore complete-metamorphosis multivoltine
Eurosta comma
Eurosta comma is a tephritid fruit fly that forms rhizome galls on goldenrod host plants (Solidago missouriensis). As a rhizome-galling specialist, it diverts host plant resources toward root tissue and away from vegetative growth, significantly reducing the host's ability to produce new rhizomes. The species interacts indirectly with other herbivores such as the leaf beetle Trirhabda canadensis by impairing the host plant's capacity to recover from defoliation.
gall-forming rhizome-gall goldenrod herbivore plant-insect-interaction resource-allocation indirect-competition
Exapion ulicis
Gorse Seed Weevil
Exapion ulicis is a small seed-feeding weevil specialized on gorse (Ulex europaeus). Adults are light gray with a prominent snout roughly half the body length. The species is native to western Europe and has been introduced to New Zealand, California, Hawaii, and other regions as a biological control agent targeting invasive gorse populations. Larval feeding destroys seeds within pods, reducing plant spread, while adult feeding on stems and spines causes minor damage.
biological-control invasive-species-management seed-predator host-specialization temporal-isolation Brentidae Coleoptera Ulex-europaeus gorse western-Europe California New-Zealand Hawaii spring-activity oviposition-cues pod-fecundity parasitoid seed-destruction noctuid pest-control-agent established-introduction native-range-Europe introduced-range-Pacific Chile Belgium Oregon northern-California forest-gaps pastures natural-areas seed-loss intensity-of-attack reproductive-isolation ecological-specialization sympatric-divergence host-phenology pod-size seed-content female-choice feeding-damage round-holes stem-feeding spine-feeding larval-development pupal-period 6-8-weeks-larval-feeding 2-months-pupation within-pod-development seed-to-ovule-ratio mature-seeds intact-seeds parasitization-rate population-abundance fecund-pod-targeting whole-plant-traits flower-traits pod-traits choice-experiments common-garden Brittany Scotland Reunion host-availability seasonal-activity morphological-identification mitochondrial-sequences nuclear-sequences phylogeny host-races divergent-selection ecological-speciation sympatric-populations spring-infestation autumn-infestation introduced-with-gorse not-initially-introduced invasive-plant plant-insect-interactions oviposition-behavior feeding-behavior preference-patterns multiple-trait-use surface-cues internal-cues pod-characteristics host-choice plant-susceptibility invasion-biology entomological-experimentalis pan-pacific-entomologist diversity-journal ecological-entomology Coombs-2004 HEAR-photo-gallery iNaturalist GBIF NCBI Forster-1771 Curculionoidea Apionidae Fabaceae Genisteae noxious-weed agent-of-biological-pest-control light-gray long-snout straight-snout 2-3-mm small-weevil seed-weevil gorse-seed-weevil established-populations percentage-of-pods-infested spatial-variation temporal-variation seed-set seed-production seed-predation-impact ecosystem-service weed-biological-control classical-biological-control 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naturalized casual transient ephemeral persistent established spreading invasive-potential invasiveness impact ecological-impact economic-impact social-impact environmental-impact negative-impact positive-impact beneficial detrimental nuisance pest weed pathogen disease-vector public-health veterinary-health crop-health forest-health rangeland-health ecosystem-health One-Health planetary-health ecohealth conservation-medicine disease-ecology parasitology entomology medical-entomology veterinary-entomology agricultural-entomology forest-entomology urban-entomology aquatic-entomology systematics taxonomy phylogenetics evolutionary-biology population-biology ecosystem-ecology landscape-ecology global-ecology macroecology biogeography historical-biogeography ecological-biogeography island-biogeography continental-biogeography latitudinal-gradient altitudinal-gradient species-area-relationship island-species-richness equilibrium-theory nonequilibrium-theory neutral-theory niche-theory assembly-rules priority-effects mass-effects species-sorting competition predation herbivory parasitism mutualism commensalism amensalism facilitation inhibition tolerance succession primary-succession secondary-succession disturbance recovery resilience resistance stability persistence turnover replacement extinction immigration emigration birth death reproduction survival growth development metamorphosis complete-metamorphosis holometabolous hemimetabolous ametabolous egg larva pupa adult instar ecdysis molting diapause quiescence aestivation hibernation overwintering overwintering-stage overwintering-site overwintering-strategy cold-hardiness freeze-tolerance freeze-avoidance supercooling cryoprotectants thermal-biology thermoregulation ectothermy poikilothermy behavioral-thermoregulation microhabitat-selection basking shading stilting perching roosting sheltering burrowing mining gall-formation leaf-rolling leaf-tying silk-production web-spinning nest-construction 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NAFTA USMCA TPP CPTPP RCEP bilateral-investment-treaties free-trade-agreements regional-trade-agreements multilateral-environmental-agreements bilateral-environmental-agreements strategic-environmental-assessment cumulative-impact-assessment social-impact-assessment health-impact-assessment gender-impact-assessment human-rights-impact-assessment indigenous-rights-impact-assessment cultural-heritage-impact-assessment landscape-and-visual-impact-assessment noise-impact-assessment air-quality-impact-assessment water-quality-impact-assessment soil-quality-impact-assessment biodiversity-impact-assessment ecosystem-services-impact-assessment climate-impact-assessment carbon-footprint-assessment water-footprint-assessment land-footprint-assessment material-footprint-assessment ecological-footprint-assessment planetary-footprint-assessment life-cycle-assessment life-cycle-costing social-life-cycle-assessment life-cycle-sustainability-assessment material-flow-analysis substance-flow-analysis 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ternary-relation n-ary-relation complete-relation incomplete-relation transitive-relation intransitive-relation reflexive-relation irreflexive-relation symmetric-relation asymmetric-relation antisymmetric-relation equivalence-relation partial-order total-order strict-order weak-order semiorder interval-order Pareto-order lexicographic-order dominance-relation outranking-relation concordance discordance credibility discrimination-threshold indifference-threshold preference-threshold veto-threshold majority-rule Condorcet-winner Condorcet-loser Borda-count approval-voting range-voting score-voting instant-runoff-voting single-transferable-vote proportional-representation mixed-member-proportional additional-member-system parallel-voting majority-bonus-system scorporo double-vote alternative-vote supplementary-vote contingent-vote Bucklin-voting Coombs'-method Dodgson's-method Kemeny-Young-method Ranked-pairs Schulze-method Minimax-Condorcet Smith-set Schwartz-set uncovered-set Banks-set 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minimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-comprehensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-extensive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-retentive-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-weakly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-strongly-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-collectively-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-Nash-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set minimal-individually-rational-individually-rational-Pareto-optimal-individually-rational-Nash-stable-set
Exyra ridingsii
Ridings' Pitcherplant Moth, Riding's Pitcherplant Looper Moth
Exyra ridingsii is a small noctuid moth specialized on pitcher plants (Sarracenia). Adults are active in spring and have a wingspan of 24–31 mm. The species is named after James Ridings and is one of several Exyra species that have evolved to exploit pitcher plant habitats.
pitcher-plant-specialist wetland herbivore spring-moth Sarracenia
Fascista
Fascista is a genus of small moths in the family Gelechiidae, established by Busck in 1939. The genus contains three described species found in North America, including the redbud leaffolder moth (F. cercerisella), whose larvae are known to fold leaves of eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis) as feeding shelters. These moths are part of the diverse gelechiid fauna associated with deciduous forest habitats.
leaf-folder Gelechiidae North-America herbivore forest-moth
Fenusa dohrnii
European alder leafminer
Fenusa dohrnii is a sawfly species in the family Tenthredinidae, commonly known as the European alder leafminer. The species is native to Europe and has been introduced to North America, with records from Canada. As a leafminer, its larvae feed internally within leaf tissue, creating distinctive mines on alder leaves.
leafminer sawfly alder herbivore introduced-species
Fenusa pumila
birch leafminer, Birch Leafminer Sawfly
Fenusa pumila is a sawfly species in the family Tenthredinidae, commonly known as the birch leafminer. Native to Europe, it has been introduced to North America where it has become established. The species is a specialist leaf-mining herbivore on birch trees, with larvae feeding internally within leaf tissue. In North America, populations may complete two to four generations annually, with adult emergence triggered by accumulated growing degree-days.
leafminer sawfly introduced-species pest birch forest-insect Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae herbivore growing-degree-days
Fenusini
Fenusini is a tribe of sawflies within the family Tenthredinidae. Members are leaf-mining insects whose larvae feed internally within plant tissues. The tribe includes economically significant pests such as the birch leafminer (Fenusa pusilla).
Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae leaf-miner sawfly herbivore
Fissicrambus
Grass-veneers
Fissicrambus is a genus of grass-veneer moths in the family Crambidae, established by Bleszynski in 1963. The genus contains approximately 17 described species distributed primarily in North America. Several species, notably F. mutabilis, are recognized as agricultural pests of turfgrass, wheat, and corn. Larvae are commonly known as sod webworms due to their habit of constructing silk-lined burrows in soil.
Crambidae grass-veneer sod-webworm turfgrass-pest agricultural-pest North-America nocturnal herbivore
Flexamia huroni
Huron River Leafhopper
Flexamia huroni is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Bess & Hamilton in 1999. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations with grasses. The species is named after the Huron River in Michigan, where it was first collected. Like other members of the genus, it likely exhibits strong ecological dependence on specific grass host plants.
leafhopper cicadellidae deltocephalinae paralimnini flexamia grass-specialist michigan-endemic auchenorrhyncha hemiptera insecta arthropoda animalia true-bug planthopper-relative 1999-description bess hamilton huroni huron-river usa north-america grassland-insect host-specific poorly-known rare uncommon data-deficient gbif catalogue-of-life ncbi inaturalist taxon species accepted hexapoda cicadomorpha clypeata membracoidea paralimnina flexamia-huroni bess-&-hamilton 1999 exact-match accepted-name canonical-name scientific-name authorship rank status matched taxonomy classification eukaryota metazoa distribution michigan observations 0 wikipedia none preferred-common-name huron-river-leafhopper true-bugs group kingdom phylum class order family genus authority ipt integrated-publishing-toolkit biodiversity-data-journal zookeys nature-conservation comparative-cytogenetics open-access open-access journal publication dataset specimen type nomenclatural-type herbarium university-of-granada spain fungi lichens agaricales cortinarius antonio-ortega mediterranean france italy image-collection colección-de-imágenes-de-los-tipos-nomenclaturales-de-hongos líquenes musgos-y-algas gda gdac vizoso quesada 2015 doi 10.3897 bdj 3 e5204 new-species new-jersey-pine-barrens muhlenbergia-torreyana pinebarren-smokegrass threatened-species andrew-hicks museum-of-natural-history university-of-colorado gerry-moore natural-resources-conservation-service greensboro nc uli-lorimer brooklyn-botanic-garden f.-whitcombi robert-whitcomb microbiology ornithology ecology host-plant warming-climate human-activities zookeys-511 69-79 zookeys.511.9572 roundworm nematode antarctic amblydorylaimus-isokaryoni pararhyssocolpus-paradoxus bulgaria scanning-electron-microscopy sem maritime-antarctic antarctic-islands lip-region spear vulva postembryonic-development molecular-analyses dorylaimida elshishka lazarova radoslavov hristov peneva 25-68 zookeys.511.9793 anidiv2 bulgarian-academy-of-sciences national-scientific-fund octocoral okinawa japan nanipora-kamurai living-fossil blue-coral heliopora aragonite-calcium-carbonate skeleton scleractinians soft-coral heliporacea lithotelestidae epiphaxum deep-sea shallow-coral-reef zamami-island national-park miyazaki reimer 1-23 zookeys.511.9432 non-biting-midge chironomus ch.-bernensis north-caucasus russia caucasian-populations europe siberia karyotype morphology mouthparts larvae chromosome genotypic-combinations mineralization eutrophication karmokov polukonova sinichkina tembotov-institute-of-ecology-of-mountain-territories saratov-state-medical-university comparative-cytogenetics-9 281-297 compcytogen.v9i3.4519 sea-turtle rescue-centre first-aid-station loggerhead green-turtle caretta-caretta chelonia-mydas bycatch mortality greece migration sexual-maturity ullmann stachowitsch uit-the-arctic-university-of-norway nature-conservation-10 45-69 natureconservation.10.4890 regional-activity-centre-for-specially-protected-areas porcupine coendou-ichillus lower-urubamba peru canopy-bridge pipeline natural-gas arboreal camera-trap dwarf-porcupine iquitos 770g gregory lunde zamora-meza carrasco-rueda repsol-exploración-perú zookeys-509 109-121 zookeys.509.9821 ant prionopelta madagascar seychelles subterranean leaf-litter dracula-ant hemolymph larval-hemolymph-feeding oophagy madagascar-biodiversity-center overson fisher zookeys-507 115-150 zookeys.507.9303 ito billen masuko spider anelosimus subsocial cobweb-spider theridiidae deforestation biodiversity-hotspot agnarsson university-of-vermont smithsonian-national-museum-of-natural-history wallace huxley buffon hooker lamarck darwin moramora eriophyoid-mite acari xinjiang china rosaceae paracolomerus gall ji-wei-li wang xue zhang zookeys-508 97-111 zookeys.508.8940 shihezi-university grasshopper wyoming melanoplus melanoplinae acrididae tetrigidae gomphocerniae oedipodinae cyrtacanthacridinae distribution-atlas field-guide wgis 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season phenology timing activity nymph emerge molt develop grow reproduce mate oviposit die generation voltinism univoltine bivoltine multivoltine semivoltine diapause aestivation hibernation dispersal movement behavior habit action feeding diet food host association relationship interaction specialist generalist monophagy oligophagy polyphagy herbivore detritivore predator parasitoid scavenger economic-importance pest beneficial neutral damage control management conservation threatened endangered vulnerable secure unknown global-biodiversity-information-facility es biodiversity-image-portal spanish-collections type-specimen lichen antarctica bernensis li yellowstone
Galerucella
leaf beetles
Galerucella is a genus of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) described by Crotch in 1873. The genus is widely distributed globally but absent from the Neotropics. Several species have been extensively studied for biological control applications, particularly against invasive aquatic plants such as purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and waterlilies. The genus has become a model system for ecological and evolutionary research, with genome assemblies available for three species (G. calmariensis, G. pusilla, and G. tenella).
leaf-beetle biological-control wetland herbivore genomic-model invasive-species-management Chrysomelidae
Gastrophysa cyanea
green dock beetle, blue dock beetle
Gastrophysa cyanea is a small leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, measuring 4-5 mm with metallic green coloration that may shift to metallic blue in pinned specimens. The species is found across North America and is strongly associated with dock plants (Rumex species), particularly curly dock. Females develop conspicuously swollen abdomens prior to egg laying, providing a reliable diagnostic feature. The species emerges in spring and has been the subject of behavioral studies examining host plant recognition.
Chrysomelidae leaf-beetle Rumex dock-beetle metallic-green herbivore North-America spring-emergence host-specialization
Gloveria medusa
Medusa Moth
Gloveria medusa is a species of lappet moth in the family Lasiocampidae, described by Strecker in 1898. The species epithet references Medusa from Greek mythology, reflecting a naming pattern in the genus Gloveria. As a member of the Lasiocampidae family, it is a medium to large-sized moth with larvae that possess characteristic lappets (fleshy projections) along their bodies. The genus Gloveria is named in honor of entomologist Townend Glover.
Lepidoptera Lasiocampidae lappet-moth North-America nocturnal herbivore complete-metamorphosis
Glyptina
Glyptina is a genus of flea beetles in the family Chrysomelidae, first described by Horn in 1881. The genus contains approximately 15 described species. Flea beetles in this group are characterized by their jumping ability, enabled by enlarged hind femora. Glyptina species are herbivorous and associated with various host plants.
flea-beetle Chrysomelidae Alticini jumping-beetle herbivore
Gnophaela discreta
Gnophaela discreta is a moth in the family Erebidae, first described by Stretch in 1875. It occurs in the southwestern United States and Mexico. The species has a wingspan of approximately 38 mm. Its larvae feed on Mertensia species.
Erebidae Arctiinae North-America Mexico Arizona California Mertensia herbivore