Wetland
Guides
Plateumaris nitida
Lustrous reed beetle
Plateumaris nitida is an aquatic leaf beetle in the subfamily Donaciinae, commonly known as the Lustrous reed beetle. It is found in North America, with records from Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador) and the United States. As a member of the Donaciinae, it is associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats, particularly wetlands with emergent vegetation.
Platycheirus thylax
Yellow-legged Sedgesitter
Platycheirus thylax is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae, described by Hull in 1944. It is commonly known as the Yellow-legged Sedgesitter. Like other members of the genus Platycheirus, it is a small fly associated with wetland vegetation. The species is rarely recorded, with only two observations documented on iNaturalist.
Poanes massasoit
mulberry wing
Poanes massasoit, commonly known as the mulberry wing, is a small skipper butterfly native to eastern North America. Adults have a wingspan of 22–29 mm and are characterized by their distinctive wing patterning. The species is associated with wetland habitats where its larval host plants, primarily sedges in the genus Carex, grow. It has been documented from the East Coast of the United States through the Great Lakes region and into southern Canada.
Poanes yehl
Yehl Skipper
Poanes yehl, the Yehl Skipper, is a small to medium-sized skipper butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It occurs in the southeastern and south-central United States, where adults are active from spring through fall and feed on nectar from various flowering plants. The species shows sexual dimorphism in hindwing coloration.
Pseudohermonassa bicarnea
Pink-spotted Dart
A medium-sized noctuid moth found in eastern North America, with adults active from mid-summer through autumn. The species has a single annual generation and is associated with wetland habitats where its larval host plants grow. First described in 1852, it remains relatively common across its range.
Pseudolimnophila
Pseudolimnophila is a genus of crane flies in the family Limoniidae, established by Alexander in 1919. The genus contains two subgenera: Pseudolimnophila (sensu stricto) and Calolimnophila. Species are small to medium-sized with distinctive wing venation and male genitalia structures. The genus has a broad global distribution with approximately 64 species across multiple biogeographic regions.
Ptychoptera quadrifasciata
phantom crane fly
Ptychoptera quadrifasciata is a species of phantom crane fly in the family Ptychopteridae. The common name 'phantom crane fly' refers to the family's characteristic hovering behavior and delicate appearance. Adults are typically found in moist, wooded habitats near streams or wetlands. Larvae develop in aquatic or semi-aquatic environments with decaying organic matter. The species is native to eastern North America.
Pyractomena dispersa
Marsh Flicker
Pyractomena dispersa is a firefly species in the beetle family Lampyridae, described by Green in 1957. It occurs in North America with a disjunct distribution split into eastern and western populations by the Great Plains. The species inhabits wetland habitats and has been documented in Alberta, Canada. It is known as the Marsh Flicker.
Pyractomena linearis
Marsh Gray Firefly
Pyractomena linearis is a firefly species in the beetle family Lampyridae, described by LeConte in 1852. It is a wetland specialist with a broad but sparsely documented range across the northern United States and southern Canada. The species faces documented threats from habitat destruction and light pollution. Recent observations are scarce despite its extensive historical range.
Pyractomena lucifera
Marsh imp
Pyractomena lucifera is a firefly species in the beetle family Lampyridae, commonly known as the marsh imp. It is a wetland specialist with a disjunct distribution across eastern North America. The species produces bioluminescent signals for mate communication and is threatened by habitat destruction and light pollution.
Pyractomena punctiventris
Texas Hooker Firefly
Pyractomena punctiventris is a firefly species in the family Lampyridae, known from east-central Texas south to Veracruz, Mexico. It belongs to the genus Pyractomena, which comprises bioluminescent beetles commonly found in North American wetlands and riparian habitats. The species was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1878. Like other fireflies, adults produce light through chemical bioluminescence, though specific flash patterns for this species are not well documented in available sources.
Pyrophaena granditarsis
Hornhand Sedgesitter
Pyrophaena granditarsis is a small hoverfly in the family Syrphidae, commonly known as the Hornhand Sedgesitter. The species is recognized by its distinctive enlarged hind tarsi in males. It is associated with wetland habitats, particularly sedge-dominated areas. The species has been documented across northern temperate regions with 463 iNaturalist observations.
Resapamea venosa
cutworm moth, dart moth
Resapamea venosa is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae, commonly known as a cutworm or dart moth. The species was first described by Smith in 1903. It belongs to a genus of moths whose larvae are typically associated with wetland and riparian habitats. The species has been documented in North America with limited observational records.
Rhinoncus longulus
Smartweed Node Weevil
Rhinoncus longulus is a small weevil in the family Curculionidae, commonly known as the Smartweed Node Weevil. The species is documented from multiple Canadian provinces and is associated with Polygonaceae host plants. Like other members of the genus Rhinoncus, this species likely develops within the stems or nodes of its host plants. The specific epithet 'longulus' refers to its somewhat elongated body form relative to congeners.
Romalea microptera
Eastern Lubber Grasshopper, Lubber Grasshopper
Romalea microptera is a large, flightless grasshopper native to the southeastern United States, reaching up to 3.5 inches in length. Its aposematic coloration—yellow with black markings in eastern populations, black with red or yellow markings in western populations—serves as a warning to predators. Despite its formidable defensive arsenal including spines, body armor, chemical secretions, and threat displays, it is harmless to humans and rarely causes significant agricultural damage.
Rotundifronta lutea
Rotundifronta lutea is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Beamer in 1950. It belongs to a genus of small delphacid planthoppers characterized by rounded frontoclypeal structures. The species epithet "lutea" (meaning yellow) likely refers to coloration. Like other delphacids, it is associated with grasses and sedges in wetland habitats.
Saldula saltatoria
Common Shore Bug
Saldula saltatoria is a Holarctic shore bug with circumboreal distribution, widespread across central Europe and often occurring in large numbers. It is an active predator of small invertebrates inhabiting diverse shoreline habitats. The species shows remarkable ecological flexibility, occurring from small water bodies to large lakes and rivers, and from sea level to over 2000 meters elevation in alpine regions.
Sarcophaga sarraceniae
Sarcophaga sarraceniae is a flesh fly in the family Sarcophagidae, first described by Riley in 1874. The species name refers to its association with pitcher plants (Sarracenia), indicating a specialized ecological relationship. Like other members of the genus Sarcophaga, this species exhibits the characteristic gray thorax with three longitudinal black stripes and checkered abdominal pattern typical of flesh flies. The specific epithet 'sarraceniae' distinguishes it as one of the few sarcophagid species with a documented specialized association with carnivorous plants.
Schoenobiinae
Schoenobiinae is a subfamily of grass moths (Crambidae) established by Duponchel in 1846. The group comprises approximately 30 genera including Schoenobius, Scirpophaga, Donacaula, and Catagela. Many species are stem borers of monocot plants, with larvae feeding internally in stems of grasses, sedges, and rushes. Some genera contain significant agricultural pests, particularly of rice and other cultivated cereals.
Sciomyza aristalis
Sciomyza aristalis is a species of marsh fly in the family Sciomyzidae, originally described as Dryomyza aristalis by Coquillett in 1901. The genus Sciomyza comprises small to medium-sized flies associated with wetland and marsh habitats. Members of Sciomyzidae are known for their larvae developing in freshwater or moist terrestrial habitats, often associated with molluscan hosts. This species has been documented from a limited number of observations.
Scirtes oblongus
marsh beetle
Scirtes oblongus is a species of marsh beetle in the family Scirtidae, first described by Guérin-Méneville in 1861. The species has been recorded in both North America and Central America. Marsh beetles in this family are generally associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats. Observations on iNaturalist suggest it is encountered with moderate frequency, with over 200 documented sightings.
Sepedon gracilicornis
snail-killing fly
Sepedon gracilicornis is a species of snail-killing fly in the family Sciomyzidae, described by Orth in 1986. It belongs to a genus of approximately twenty North American species whose larvae are obligate predators of aquatic pulmonate snails. The species has been documented through limited observations, with records indicating presence in wetland and aquatic edge habitats.
Sericoda obsoleta
Sericoda obsoleta is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, occurring in North America. It is one of several species in the genus Sericoda, which are generally associated with riparian and wetland habitats. The species was described by Thomas Say in 1823. Available information on this species is limited, with most sources providing only basic taxonomic and distributional data.
Sericomyia woodi
Sericomyia woodi is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae, described by Nielsen and Vockeroth in 2000. As a member of the genus Sericomyia, it belongs to a group of large, often wasp-mimicking hoverflies commonly known as bog or fen flies due to their typical wetland associations. The species epithet 'woodi' honors Nelson R. Wood, a taxidermist at the U.S. National Museum who collected the type specimen in 1912.
Somatochlora
Striped Emeralds, Striped Emerald Dragonflies
Somatochlora is a genus of 42 described species of medium-sized dragonflies in the family Corduliidae, distributed across the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, and North America. Members are characterized by dark bodies with metallic green lustre, brilliant green eyes, and often yellow thoracic or abdominal markings. Species-level identification is challenging and requires examination of male cerci or female subgenital plates. Many species are habitat specialists with restricted distributions, particularly associated with boreal and montane wetland systems.
Somatochlora septentrionalis
Muskeg Emerald
Somatochlora septentrionalis, known as the muskeg emerald, is a dragonfly species in the family Corduliidae endemic to Canada. Adults are medium-sized, measuring 39–48 mm in length, with metallic green, brown, and black coloration. The species inhabits open fens with pools of open water, where males patrol and females oviposit in water and floating vegetation. Adults are active from June to August. It is nearly identical to Somatochlora whitehousei, requiring examination of male cerci and female subgenital plate for definitive identification.
Spaziphora
Spaziphora is a genus of small to medium-sized predatory flies in the family Scathophagidae. The genus contains at least three described species, including the widespread S. hydromyzina. Members are found in northern Europe, with records from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. As scathophagid flies, they are associated with dung and decaying organic matter habitats where they hunt as larvae.
Sphenophorus aequalis
clay-colored billbug, clay-coloured billbug
Sphenophorus aequalis, commonly known as the clay-colored billbug, is a weevil species in the family Dryophthoridae (formerly placed in Curculionidae). It occurs in North America and is associated with wetland and riparian habitats. Adults are active during summer months and have been observed mating and burrowing at the base of sedges and other emergent vegetation near water margins. Like other billbugs, it is part of a species complex that can be difficult to distinguish morphologically, particularly at the larval stage.
Sphenophorus aequalis ochreus
clay-colored billbug
Sphenophorus aequalis ochreus is a subspecies of the clay-colored billbug, a weevil in the family Curculionidae. Billbugs are significant turfgrass and agricultural pests whose larvae bore into plant stems, roots, and crowns. This subspecies has been documented in association with saltmarsh bulrush stands near alkaline lake margins in New Mexico, where adults were observed walking, mating, and burrowing into soil at the base of plants. The species complex presents identification challenges due to morphological similarities among related billbug taxa.
Stenacris vitreipennis
Glassy-winged Toothpick Grasshopper, Glassy-winged Locust
Stenacris vitreipennis is a species of spur-throat toothpick grasshopper in the subfamily Leptysminae. It is characterized by its slender, elongated body and association with wetland vegetation. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size, with females notably larger than males.
Stenispa metallica
Black Smooth Hispine
Stenispa metallica is a species of hispine beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. Adults are characterized by a shining black body with an obscure metallic tinge. The species has been recorded from a broad range of states in the eastern and central United States, as well as from Mexico. Larval development is associated with sedges and grasses, with Scirpus atrovirens documented as a confirmed host plant.
Stenocraninae
Stenocraninae is a subfamily of planthoppers within the family Delphacidae, established by Wagner in 1963. Members share the diagnostic hind tibial spur characteristic of Delphacidae. The subfamily contains multiple genera distributed across temperate and tropical regions. Species are generally associated with grasses and sedges.
Stethophyma
Stethophyma is a genus of grasshoppers in the subfamily Oedipodinae, distributed across Europe, temperate Asia through Japan, and North America. The genus contains six recognized species, with Stethophyma grossum (the large marsh grasshopper) being the type species and most studied member. Species in this genus are associated with moist habitats, particularly wetlands, peatland meadows, and forested meadows. Some species have undergone significant range contractions and are subjects of conservation concern.
Stratiomys normula
Stratiomys normula is a species of soldier fly in the family Stratiomyidae, first described by Loew in 1866. It is one of several North American species in the genus Stratiomys that exhibit wasp-mimicking coloration. The species has been recorded from Canada and the United States. Like other members of its genus, it is diurnal and associated with wetland habitats where its larvae develop.
Suphis
Suphis is a genus of small aquatic beetles in the family Noteridae, first described by Aubé in 1836. The genus contains approximately eleven described species distributed primarily in the Americas, with records from North, Central, and South America. Members of this genus are associated with freshwater habitats, particularly wetlands and slow-moving waters. As part of the Noteridae family, they represent one of several genera within the diverse group of predaceous diving beetles.
Sympetrum corruptum
Variegated Meadowhawk
Sympetrum corruptum, commonly known as the Variegated Meadowhawk, is a migratory dragonfly native to North America. It is one of five species tracked by the Migratory Dragonfly Partnership due to its seasonal north-south movements. Adults are notable for their distinctive red-marked coloration and persistence late into autumn, often being the last active dragonflies in many areas. The species is abundant in diverse habitats including wetlands, grasslands, and even agricultural areas like lavender fields.
Syngrapha montana
Labrador Tea Looper Moth, Labrador tea looper
Syngrapha montana, commonly known as the Labrador tea looper moth, is a noctuid moth distributed across boreal North America. The species exhibits a transcontinental Canadian range with southern extensions into the northern United States. Its life cycle is univoltine, with one generation annually. The larval stage is specialized, feeding exclusively on Ledum groenlandicum (Labrador tea), a wetland ericaceous shrub.
Taphrocerus gracilis
Taphrocerus gracilis is a small metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. The species has been studied in Missouri for its host plant associations and life history. Its biology is closely tied to specific plant hosts, with documented relationships to certain monocot species.
Taphrocerus schaefferi
Taphrocerus schaefferi is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. The species is a leaf-miner whose larvae develop within the leaves of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). It is found in North America with records from the United States and Canada including Alberta, Ontario, and Saskatchewan.
Taxodiomyia cupressi
Cypress Twig Gall Midge, Cypress Flower Gall Midge
Taxodiomyia cupressi is a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces distinctive twig galls on cypress trees (Taxodium spp.). The species forms spongy, globular galls on new growth that are initially snow-white and turn brown with age. It has been documented in central Illinois and Missouri, with observations on cultivated bald cypress outside its native range. The midge undergoes complete metamorphosis with multiple generations per year, overwintering as larvae within fallen galls.
gall-midgeCecidomyiidaeTaxodiumbald-cypressgall-formerpestDipterainsectphytophagouscomplete-metamorphosismultiple-generationsoverwintering-larvaeornamental-pestriparianwetlandMissouriIllinoiscentral-USAtwig-gallspongy-gallwhite-gallbrown-gallexit-holesynchronized-emergencehost-specificTaxodiomyia-cupressiananassasynonymSchweinitz-1822Osten-Sacken-1878Tetanocera plebeja
marsh fly
Tetanocera plebeja is a species of marsh fly in the family Sciomyzidae, described by Loew in 1862. Marsh flies in this family are generally associated with wet habitats and are known for their larval predation on aquatic snails. The species has been documented in the northeastern United States, particularly Vermont.
Tetanocera valida
Tetanocera valida is a species of marsh fly in the family Sciomyzidae, first described by Loew in 1862. Marsh flies in this family are commonly associated with wetland habitats. The species has been recorded in the United States, including Vermont. As with other members of Sciomyzidae, its larvae are likely associated with aquatic or semi-aquatic environments.
Tetragnatha
Stretch Spiders, Long-jawed Orb Weavers
Tetragnatha is a large genus of long-jawed orb-weaving spiders with hundreds of species distributed worldwide, though most occur in tropical and subtropical regions. These spiders are characterized by their elongated bodies, extremely long legs, and notably elongated chelicerae (jaws) with well-developed teeth. They construct horizontal orb webs, often near water, and many species can run across water surfaces. The genus exhibits remarkable variation in dispersal ability, with some species being excellent dispersers capable of colonizing islands, while others appear to have secondarily lost this capacity. Hawaiian Tetragnatha species have undergone adaptive radiation, with some lineages evolving cursorial (running) behavior and abandoning web-building entirely.
spiderorb-weaverlong-jawedaquaticstretch-spideradaptive-radiationHawaiicursorial-evolutionhorizontal-webwater-walkingcamouflagemultivoltinesocial-spiderTetragnathidaeAraneaeArachnidapredatorinsectivoreriparianwetlandmeadowtropicalsubtropicalcosmopolitandispersalisland-colonizationphylogeographychemical-species-recognitioncommunal-webbingkleptoparasitism-targetTetragnatha extensa
Common Stretch Spider
Tetragnatha extensa is a long-jawed orb-weaver spider with a Holarctic distribution. It is characterized by an extremely elongated body and legs, with females reaching up to 11 mm in body length. The species constructs horizontal orb webs in damp, vegetated habitats and exhibits a distinctive straight-line defensive posture when alarmed. It is the most common species of Tetragnatha in the United Kingdom and among the most frequently encountered long-jawed orb weavers across its range.
Tetramesa
Tetramesa is a genus of minute phytophagous wasps in the family Eurytomidae comprising over 200 described species. Members are exclusively associated with grasses (Poaceae), where they typically induce stem or inflorescence galls. The genus exhibits pronounced host specificity, with most species restricted to a single grass species or closely related congeners. Several species have been deployed as biological control agents against invasive grasses, including T. romana for giant reed (Arundo donax) and candidate agents for medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula). Adults feed on nectar. Recent phylogenomic studies have synonymized the genera Aiolomorphus and Cathilaria within Tetramesa.
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arenosa
Obscure pygmy grasshopper, Obscure grouse locust
Tetrix arenosa is a Nearctic species of pygmy grasshopper in the family Tetrigidae, one of approximately 35 tetrigid species in North America. Adults are minute, typically around 1 cm in length, with the pronotum extending backward over the abdomen—a characteristic feature of the family. The species has been documented in at least 82 iNaturalist research-grade observations, placing it among the more frequently recorded North American pygmy grasshoppers. Two subspecies are recognized: T. a. arenosa and T. a. angusta.
Thripsaphis
Thripsaphis is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae, subfamily Calaphidinae. The genus contains species associated with sedges (Cyperaceae), including Thripsaphis ballii, which has been documented on shoreline sedge in Oklahoma wetlands. Thripsaphis aphids are morphologically adapted for life on monocot hosts, with some species exhibiting reduced or modified structures compared to other aphid genera. The genus has been recorded from northern Europe (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) and North America.
Tramea lacerata
Black Saddlebags
Tramea lacerata, commonly known as the Black Saddlebags, is a migratory skimmer dragonfly found throughout North America. It is distinguished by prominent black blotches at the base of its hindwings that resemble saddlebags. The species is one of five North American dragonflies targeted by the Migratory Dragonfly Partnership for citizen science monitoring due to its poorly understood migration patterns. Adults are aerial predators that capture flying insects, while nymphs are aquatic predators in wetland habitats.
Unnamed-near-cyphon obscurus
Unnamed-near-cyphon obscurus refers to an undescribed species closely related to Cyphon obscurus within the family Scirtidae (marsh beetles). These beetles are small, semi-aquatic insects associated with moist environments. The 'unnamed-near-' designation indicates a distinct but closely related taxon that has not yet received formal scientific description. Members of this group are characterized by their compact body form and association with wet habitats.
Wallengrenia otho
southern broken dash, broken dash skipper
Wallengrenia otho is a small skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, distributed across the Americas from the southeastern United States through Central America to Argentina. The species exhibits multivoltine flight patterns in temperate regions and year-round activity in tropical areas. Larvae develop on grasses in the genera Paspalum and Stenotaphrum, while adults feed on nectar from wetland and riparian flowers.