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Neohecalus magnificus
Neohecalus magnificus is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, described by Hamilton in 2000. It belongs to the tribe Hecalini, a group of grass-feeding leafhoppers. The species is known from the north-central United States and adjacent Canada, with records from Illinois, Iowa, Manitoba, Michigan, Minnesota. As a member of the subfamily Deltocephalinae, it is likely associated with grassland habitats, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
leafhopper Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae Hecalini grassland Nearctic
Neominois ridingsii
Ridings' satyr
Neominois ridingsii is a North American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, commonly known as Ridings' satyr. The species occupies short-grass prairie and intermountain grassland habitats across a broad range from southern Canada to the southwestern United States. Larvae feed exclusively on Bouteloua gracilis, and third- and fourth-instar larvae overwinter. Multiple subspecies have been described based on geographic variation across its range.
Nymphalidae Satyrinae North-America prairie grassland Bouteloua-gracilis overwintering-larvae
Neomochtherus
Neomochtherus is a large genus of robber flies (family Asilidae) comprising at least 140 described species. These predatory insects are associated with grassland habitats, where they play a role in suppressing other invertebrate populations. The genus includes species of conservation concern, such as the Critically Endangered Neomochtherus pallipes (Devon Red-legged Robberfly).
Asilidae robber-fly predator grassland conservation Neomochtherus-pallipes Devon-Red-legged-Robberfly Critically-Endangered agri-environment-scheme integrated-pest-management
Neomochtherus piceus
Neomochtherus piceus is a species of robber fly (Diptera: Asilidae) described by Hine in 1909. It belongs to the tribe Neomochtherini within the subfamily Asilinae. The genus Neomochtherus comprises predatory flies found in grassland habitats. Based on iNaturalist records, this species has been documented in at least 28 observations, indicating it is not exceptionally rare but remains poorly studied in the scientific literature.
Asilidae robber-fly grassland predatory-fly Neomochtherini Diptera
Neotibicen superbus
Superb Dog-day Cicada, Superb Cicada
Neotibicen superbus, the superb dog-day cicada, is a distinctive cicada species in the family Cicadidae. It is noted for being the greenest species in its genus, with reduced black patterning compared to congeners. The species produces a soft buzz song that reaches a crescendo. It is primarily associated with grassland environments and dolomite glades in the south-central United States.
cicada dog-day-cicada grassland glade green summer
Nomophila nearctica
Lucerne Moth, Clover Nomophila, False Webworm, Celery Stalkworm, American Celery Webworm
Nomophila nearctica is a crambid moth with broad distribution across North America and southward into the Neotropics. Adults are active from spring through late autumn. The species is notable for its narrow, elongated wing profile and association with low-growing herbaceous vegetation. Larvae feed on a range of plants including grasses, legumes, and celery, making it occasionally significant in agricultural contexts.
moth Crambidae agricultural-pest herbivore North-America Neotropics grassland alfalfa celery nocturnal blacklight-attractant multiple-generations broad-distribution
Nothodelphax albocarinata
Nothodelphax albocarinata is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Stål in 1858. It belongs to a genus of small, grass-associated delphacids found primarily in temperate and boreal regions. The species has been documented across disjunct localities in North America and northern Asia.
planthopper Delphacidae grassland Holarctic-distribution
Notiophilus nitens
bright big-eyed beetle
Notiophilus nitens is a ground beetle in the family Carabidae, commonly known as the bright big-eyed beetle. It occurs in western North America, with documented populations in British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Adults exhibit wing dimorphism, with some individuals having reduced wings (brachypterous) and others fully developed wings (macropterous). The species inhabits open, disturbed habitats including grasslands and agricultural areas.
Carabidae ground-beetle wing-dimorphism Pacific-Northwest grassland agricultural-habitat visual-predator Nebriinae
Odontoxiphidium apterum
Wingless Meadow Katydid
Odontoxiphidium apterum, commonly known as the Wingless Meadow Katydid, is a flightless species of bush cricket in the family Tettigoniidae. It is characterized by the complete absence of wings in both sexes, a rare trait among katydids. The species is restricted to the southeastern United States, where it inhabits grassland and meadow habitats. Its wingless condition distinguishes it from nearly all other North American katydids.
apterous flightless southeastern-United-States grassland meadow katydid bush-cricket
Oecleus productus
Oecleus productus is a species of planthopper in the family Cixiidae, described by Metcalf in 1923. It belongs to the tribe Oecleini within the subfamily Cixiinae. Members of this genus are typically associated with grassland and open habitat environments. The species has been recorded from multiple states across the southern and western United States.
planthopper Cixiidae Hemiptera United-States grassland
Oedomerus corallipes
Redshanked Grasshopper
Oedomerus corallipes is a large grasshopper species found in western North America. It was formerly classified under the genus Xanthippus but has been reclassified to Oedomerus based on modern taxonomic revisions. The species exhibits geographic variation in its life cycle, with northern populations requiring two years to develop while southern populations complete their cycle in one year. Adults are present in spring and are known for their conspicuous flight displays accompanied by loud crepitation.
grasshopper acrididae melanoplinae western-north-america grassland rangeland-pest biennial-life-cycle crepitating-flight
Oeneis alberta
Alberta Arctic
Oeneis alberta is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, commonly known as the Alberta Arctic. It inhabits prairie and montane grassland habitats across the Canadian prairie provinces and isolated Rocky Mountain populations in the southwestern United States. The species exhibits a single annual generation with adults active in late spring. Larvae feed on bunch grasses and overwinter in the larval stage.
butterfly Nymphalidae Satyrinae prairie montane univoltine grassland Rocky-Mountains Great-Plains
Oeneis uhleri
Uhler's Arctic
Oeneis uhleri, commonly known as Uhler's Arctic, is a butterfly species in the family Nymphalidae. It is a member of the 'Arctic' group of butterflies, named for their association with high-elevation and northern habitats. The species exhibits a univoltine life cycle with fourth-instar larvae overwintering. Larvae feed on specific grass genera including Festuca, Koeleria, and Poa. The species is distributed across western North America from Alaska to northern New Mexico, with multiple recognized subspecies occupying distinct geographic ranges.
butterfly Arctic mountain grassland univoltine overwintering-larvae
Okanagana balli
Prairie Cicada
Okanagana balli is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae, described by William T. Davis in 1919. It is commonly known as the Prairie Cicada and occurs in the central United States. As a member of the genus Okanagana, it belongs to a group of annual cicadas rather than the periodical cicadas famous for their mass emergences. The species inhabits prairie and grassland ecosystems.
cicada annual-cicada prairie grassland North-America central-United-States Hemiptera Cicadidae Okanagana insect arthropod
Oligia
Oligia is a genus of noctuid moths comprising over 60 described species distributed across Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Species are small to medium-sized moths typically associated with grassland habitats. Several species are economically significant as pests of forage grasses, while others have served as models for studying melanism evolution. Species-level identification often requires genitalia examination due to morphological similarity among closely related taxa.
grassland pest genome-sequenced melanism noctuidae noctuinae cryptic-species
Omorgus scabrosus
Omorgus scabrosus is a species of hide beetle in the family Trogidae, found across much of North America from Canada to Mexico. The species belongs to a family specialized in feeding on dried animal remains. Its distribution spans diverse habitats including grasslands, woodlands, and desert edge environments.
scavenger nocturnal hide-beetle carrion-associated desert-edge grassland prairie
Opomyza germinationis
Opomyza germinationis is a univoltine fly species in the family Opomyzidae. The larva is a stem-boring pest of cereals and grasses, feeding on the central shoot and causing 'dead-heart' symptoms in young plants. Adults emerge in mid-summer and persist until early autumn, with oviposition occurring in September-November. The species has been documented as an agricultural pest in Britain and is present in Scandinavia.
agricultural-pest cereal-pest stem-borer univoltine grassland Diptera Opomyzidae Europe autumn-oviposition
Orchelimum
meadow katydid
Orchelimum is a genus of meadow katydids in the family Tettigoniidae, comprising 21 described species. These insects are characterized by their exceptionally long, thread-like antennae and are among the most abundant orthopterans in eastern North America and adjacent Canada. Males produce species-specific songs through stridulation, rubbing a file on one forewing against a scraper on the other. Many species exhibit opportunistic predation on other insects, particularly when plant food sources are limited or when seeking additional protein.
katydid meadow-katydid stridulation grassland wetland herbivore predator acoustic-communication
Orchelimum erythrocephalum
Red-headed Meadow Katydid
Orchelimum erythrocephalum is a North American katydid species in the meadow katydid genus Orchelimum. The common name refers to its distinctive red head coloration. Like other Orchelimum species, it inhabits grasslands and wetland edges where it feeds on both plant material and small insects. The species was described by entomologist William T. Davis in 1905.
katydid meadow-katydid red-headed Orthoptera Ensifera Tettigoniidae Conocephalinae North-America southeastern-US grassland wetland omnivore predator cannibalism nuptial-gift spermatophylax stridulation William-T.-Davis 1905
Orchelimum gladiator
Gladiator Meadow Katydid, Gladiator Katydid
Orchelimum gladiator is a meadow katydid in the family Tettigoniidae, characterized by its pale green coloration with variable dark brown markings on the occiput and pronotum. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size, with females larger than males. It inhabits grasslands and meadows near water sources across the northern United States. The species is known to be parasitized by horsehair worms.
katydid meadow-katydid Orthoptera Tettigoniidae grassland prairie parasite-host
Orchesellinae
Orchesellinae is a subfamily of springtails (Collembola) in the family Orchesellidae. Members are distinguished from other Entomobryidae by a fourth abdominal segment shorter than 1.8 times the length of the third segment, generally more than four antennal segments, recurved labral setae, and a complex metatrochanteral organ bearing at least 11 spine-like setae. The subfamily includes genera such as Dicranocentrus, Australotomurus, and Orchesellides, with distributions ranging from holotropical to Australian endemic and disjunct patterns.
Collembola springtails Entomobryomorpha Orchesellidae holotropical Australia-endemic disjunct-distribution scaled-springtails metatrochanteral-organ labral-setae antennal-segmentation conservation urban-remnants grassland heathland
Orgerius pajaronius
Orgerius pajaronius is a species of planthopper in the family Dictyopharidae, described by Ball & Hartzell in 1922. It belongs to the tribe Orgeriini, a group characterized by elongated bodies and often associated with grassland habitats. The species is known from the western United States, with records from California and Oregon. Like other dictyopharids, it is presumed to feed on plant sap using piercing-sucking mouthparts.
planthopper Dictyopharidae western-North-America grassland
Orphulella
slant-faced pasture grasshoppers
Orphulella is a genus of slant-faced grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, subfamily Gomphocerinae, tribe Orphulellini. The genus contains more than 20 described species distributed throughout the Americas, from southern Canada to northern Mexico and South America. It is the most widely distributed and most species-abundant genus of North American Trypalinae (Gomphocerinae). Species are typically small, long-winged grasshoppers associated with grassland habitats.
grasshopper Acrididae Gomphocerinae Orphulellini grassland prairie pest North-America polymorphism slant-faced
Oscinella
frit flies
Oscinella is a genus of small flies in the family Chloropidae, commonly known as frit flies. The genus contains multiple species, several of which are significant agricultural pests of cereal crops and pasture grasses. The most economically important species is O. frit, which attacks oats, wheat, and other cereals. Species within the genus exhibit distinct flight behaviors and host plant preferences, with some being migratory and others sedentary.
Chloropidae frit-fly cereal-pest grassland parasitoid-host agricultural-pest internal-feeder
Ospriocerus
robber flies
Ospriocerus is a genus of robber flies (family Asilidae) containing approximately 17 described species. These large, predatory flies are primarily associated with grassland and prairie habitats across western North America. Several species exhibit mimetic coloration resembling spider wasps (Pompilidae), with black bodies and red or orange abdominal markings. The genus has been documented as far north as Canada and south into Mexico. Species such as O. abdominalis represent significant range extensions when found in eastern localities, highlighting the importance of remnant prairie conservation.
robber-fly prairie grassland mimicry conservation range-extension new-state-record Missouri Loess-Hills Great-Plains wasp-mimic Asilidae Diptera predatory-fly endangered-habitat hypsithermal-relict
Ospriocerus brevis
Ospriocerus brevis is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, described by Martin in 1968. The species is currently recognized as a synonym of Stenopogon brevis in some taxonomic databases. Robber flies in the genus Ospriocerus are large, predatory flies associated with grassland habitats in western North America.
robber-fly Asilidae synonym Stenopogon western-North-America grassland predatory-fly Martin-1968
Ospriocerus latipennis
Ospriocerus latipennis is a robber fly species in the family Asilidae, one of three Ospriocerus species recorded in Canada. It inhabits grassland habitats on the Great Plains. The species has been documented in association with the beetle family Meloidae, though the nature of this relationship requires further investigation. As with other robber flies, adults are presumed to be predatory.
Asilidae robber-fly Great-Plains grassland prairie Meloidae-association predatory-fly
Ospriocerus tequilae
Ospriocerus tequilae is a species of robber fly in the family Asilidae, described by Martin in 1968. The genus Ospriocerus contains large, wasp-mimicking robber flies found in grassland habitats of western North America. The specific epithet 'tequilae' presumably refers to the type locality in Mexico. The species is currently treated as a synonym of Stenopogon tequilae in some taxonomic databases, reflecting ongoing taxonomic uncertainty in the classification of this group.
robber-fly Asilidae Stenopogoninae wasp-mimic grassland western-North-America Mexico synonym Stenopogon predatory-fly Diptera
Panoquina
Panoquina is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae, established by Hemming in 1934. The genus comprises approximately 17 recognized species distributed across the Americas. Several species, such as Panoquina lucas (purple-washed skipper) and Panoquina ocola (ocola skipper), are relatively well-known and frequently observed. Members of this genus are characterized by their rapid, darting flight patterns typical of skippers. The genus has accumulated substantial observational records, with over 21,000 observations documented on iNaturalist.
skipper grass-skipper Hesperiidae Lepidoptera grassland Americas
Paragus haemorrhous
Black-backed Grass Skimmer, Common Grass Skimmer
Paragus haemorrhous is a small hoverfly species distributed across Europe, Africa, and the Nearctic. Adults are commonly found on flowers where they feed on nectar and pollen. The larvae are predatory, feeding on aphids on low herbaceous plants. The species is active from May through September and occupies diverse open habitats including grasslands, heathlands, and forest edges.
hoverfly syrphidae aphid-predator pollinator grassland
Paralimnini
Paralimnini is a tribe of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) within the subfamily Deltocephalinae, established by Distant in 1908. The tribe comprises 139 genera and over 900 species, divided into two subtribes: Aglenina and Paralimnina. Members are distributed worldwide across all biogeographical regions, with the highest diversity occurring in the Oriental region.
leafhopper Deltocephalinae Cicadellidae Hemiptera grassland cosmopolitan Oriental-region-diversity subtribes-Aglenina-and-Paralimnina
Paratrytone
Paratrytone is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae, established by Godman in 1900. The genus contains five recognized species distributed in North America. Some species, such as the Umber Skipper (Poanes melane, formerly placed in Paratrytone), are associated with riparian habitats and grassland ecosystems. The genus has undergone taxonomic revision, with at least one species transferred to another genus.
skipper Hesperiidae Hesperiinae North-America grassland riparian
Parvindela lemniscata rebaptisata
rouged tiger beetle
Parvindela lemniscata rebaptisata, commonly known as the rouged tiger beetle, is a subspecies of tiger beetle in the family Cicindelidae. It was formerly classified under the genus Jundlandia. The subspecies has been documented in dry grassland habitats in eastern New Mexico, where it occurs on sandy-loam substrates. It is active during the fall season and can be found alongside other tiger beetle species such as Cicindelidia punctulata chihuahuae and Cicindelidia obsoleta obsoleta. The specific epithet 'rebaptisata' reflects its taxonomic reclassification.
Cicindelidae tiger-beetle New-Mexico grassland fall-active sandy-soil
Pediasia dorsipunctellus
Pediasia dorsipunctellus is a grass moth in the family Crambidae, described by Kearfott in 1908. It occurs in grassland habitats across western and central North America. The species is one of approximately 20 North American species in the genus Pediasia, a group of small moths associated with grasses and sedges.
grass-moth grassland North-America
Pediodectes daedalus
Pediodectes daedalus is a species of shieldback katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. The genus Pediodectes comprises wingless or short-winged katydids distributed across the Great Plains of North America. Adults of this genus are typically found in prairie and grassland habitats, often associated with herbaceous vegetation. Species in Pediodectes are known for their cryptic coloration, though some individuals may exhibit more contrasting markings. The genus is taxonomically challenging, with species identification often requiring examination of morphological details beyond external coloration.
Orthoptera Tettigoniidae katydid shieldback Great-Plains prairie grassland North-America wingless cryptic insect entomology
Pediodectes nigromarginatus
Black-margined Shieldback
Pediodectes nigromarginatus, commonly known as the black-margined shieldback, is a species of shield-backed katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. It is found in central North America, with records from Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and northeastern Mexico. The species belongs to a genus of wingless or short-winged katydids adapted to grassland and prairie habitats. Two subspecies are recognized: P. n. nigromarginatus and P. n. griseis.
katydid shieldback Orthoptera Great-Plains wingless grassland
Pediodectes stevensonii
Stevenson's shieldback
Pediodectes stevensonii, known as Stevenson's shieldback, is a species of shield-backed katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. It belongs to the genus Pediodectes, which comprises flightless katydids distributed across the Great Plains of North America. The species is characterized by its wingless condition and distinctive coloration patterns that differ from the more cryptic green typical of many katydids.
katydid shieldback Great-Plains wingless grassland Orthoptera Tettigoniidae
Pelegrina galathea
Peppered Jumping Spider, peppered jumper
Pelegrina galathea is a jumping spider in the family Salticidae, commonly known as the peppered jumper. The species is endemic to North America with a broad distribution spanning from Canada to Costa Rica. It is typically associated with open, sunlit grassy habitats. The species was first described by Walckenaer in 1837.
jumping-spider Salticidae North-America grassland
Pentodontini
rhinoceros beetles
Pentodontini is the most diverse tribe within the subfamily Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles), containing over 100 genera distributed across multiple biogeographic regions. Most genera are restricted to a single biogeographic region. The tribe is characterized by substantial morphological diversity, with generic-level identification often relying on mouthpart morphology in females and secondary sexual characters (horns, claw modifications, antennal club length) in males.
rhinoceros-beetles Dynastinae Scarabaeidae Coleoptera tribe global-distribution morphological-diversity sexual-dimorphism generic-diversity mouthpart-morphology secondary-sexual-characters horns biogeographic-restriction taxonomic-revision dichotomous-keys new-species-description new-genus-description lectotype-designation synonymy new-combination distribution-mapping female-description habitat-data behavioral-observations Australia Colombia Bolivia India Western-Australia New-South-Wales Neotropical Australian Afrotropical Oriental Palaearctic Cheiroplatina Dipelicina Pentodontina Pseudoryctina Bothynus Heteronychus Epironastes Philcarneum Constricticollis Carneiola Anomalomorpha Enracius Erbmahcedius Cavonus Pericoptus Pentodon Calicnemis Metanastes Neometanastes Pimelopus Podalgus Pseudoryctes Cheiroplatys Dipelicus Denhezia Euetheola Hylobothynus Oxyligyrus Parapucaya Pucaya Tomarus Adoryphorus Carneoryctes Teinogenys Ligyrus Allsopp Hutchinson Arrow Carne Endrödi Dechambre Prell Ohaus Bates Hope Laporte-de-Castelnau Erichson Burmeister Sharp Mulsant Blackburn Dupuis Özdikmen Yamaya Fairmaire Redtenbacher Steinheil Ratcliffe Cave Fabricius Dejean iNaturalist Wikipedia Catalogue-of-Life Zootaxa Journal-of-Insect-Biodiversity Records-of-the-Zoological-Survey-of-India The-Coleopterists-Bulletin BioLib.cz Wikimedia-Commons DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.1 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.2 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2 10.26515/rzsi/v125/i2s/2025/172964 10.11646/zootaxa.5716.4.7 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.5.2 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.3 10.12976/jib/2024.54.2.2 10.1649/1186.1 new-synonymy lectotype distribution-map habitat-description key-to-species key-to-genera male-genitalia external-morphology aedeagus habitus photographs illustrations specimen-records natural-history biogeography endemic restricted-distribution coastal southwestern southeastern northern Arani Cochabamba Kununurra Menzies New-Zealand South-America first-record misidentification erroneous-record invisible-taxon 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Madagascar oceanic-islands continental insular montane lowland tropical subtropical temperate arid semi-arid humid rainforest savanna grassland woodland forest coastal-dune riparian wetland agricultural pasture plantation urban disturbed primary-habitat secondary-habitat seasonal-activity rainy-season dry-season monsoon altitude elevation latitude longitude geographic-range range-extension range-contraction disjunct-distribution vicariance dispersal colonization invasion introduced native cosmopolitan widespread restricted rare common abundant scarce data-deficient IUCN CITES protected threatened vulnerable endangered critically-endangered extinct fossil subfossil quaternary holocene pleistocene museum-specimen collection voucher type-specimen holotype paratype syntype paralectotype neotype topotype original-description redescription diagnosis emended-diagnosis key dichotomous-key illustrated-key interactive-key digital-key mobile-app online-database GBIF BOLD GenBank MorphBank ZooBank 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stereomicroscopy macrophotography stacked-photography 3D-imaging micro-CT CT-scanning MRI NMR spectroscopy spectrometry chromatography electrophoresis sequencing Sanger-sequencing next-generation-sequencing NGS Illumina PacBio Oxford-Nanopore Sanger capillary-electrophoresis DNA-extraction PCR amplification primer marker gene locus alignment phylogeny tree network haplotype haplogroup population-genetics population-structure gene-flow genetic-diversity heterozygosity inbreeding effective-population-size demography coalescent divergence-time molecular-clock calibration fossil-calibration biogeographic-calibration ecological-niche-modeling ENM species-distribution-modeling SDM maxent bioclim worldclim chelsa remote-sensing GIS GPS georeferencing geocoding coordinate datum projection map cartography spatial-analysis temporal-analysis statistical-analysis R Python MATLAB SAS SPSS Excel software algorithm workflow pipeline automation machine-learning artificial-intelligence deep-learning 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utilitarian instrumental relational intrinsic inherent absolute conditional responsibility care respect reverence wonder curiosity knowledge understanding wisdom science natural-philosophy biology zoology entomology coleopterology scarabaeology dynastinology systematics taxonomy nomenclature classification evolution ecology behavior paleontology conservation-biology environmental-science agricultural-science forestry-science veterinary-science medical-science public-health one-health planetary-health ecosystem-health biodiversity-health species-health population-health individual-health genetic-health environmental-health social-health economic-health political-health cultural-health spiritual-health holistic-health integrated-health sustainable-development sustainable-use sustainable-management adaptive-management precautionary-principle ecosystem-approach landscape-approach seascape-approach connectivity-conservation corridor buffer-zone protected-area national-park nature-reserve wildlife-refuge wilderness-area world-heritage-site biosphere-reserve Ramsar-site Important-Bird-Area Key-Biodiversity-Area Alliance-for-Zero-Extinction-site conservation-priority hotspot crisis-ecoregion global-200 last-of-the-wild human-footprint cumulative-impact threat-index vulnerability-index adaptive-capacity exposure sensitivity resilience resistance recovery restoration rehabilitation reintroduction translocation ex-situ in-situ captive-breeding botanic-garden zoo gene-bank seed-bank tissue-bank sperm-bank oocyte-bank embryo-bank DNA-bank frozen-zoo ark insurance safety-net de-extinction genetic-rescue genetic-restoration genetic-augmentation genetic-management population-management metapopulation source-sink patch matrix landscape seascape ecosystem biome ecoregion province zone region district site locality habitat microhabitat niche ecological-niche fundamental-niche realized-niche trophic-niche spatial-niche temporal-niche biotic-niche abiotic-niche multidimensional-niche n-dimensional-niche Hutchinsonian-niche Grinnellian-niche Eltonian-niche resource requirement limitation stress disturbance perturbation fluctuation variability heterogeneity complexity diversity redundancy stability persistence adaptation acclimation plasticity evolvability heritability selection drift flow mutation recombination speciation coalescence divergence convergence parallelism homoplasy analogy homology synapomorphy symplesiomorphy autapomorphy apomorphy plesiomorphy derived ancestral primitive advanced basal crown stem node branch clade grade subfamily family superfamily infraorder suborder order superorder infraclass subclass class superclass subphylum phylum superphylum kingdom domain life organism individual etc.
Pheidole desertorum
Desert Big-headed Ant
Pheidole desertorum is a desert-dwelling ant in the hyperdiverse genus Pheidole, characterized by large colony sizes and pronounced worker polymorphism. Colonies contain 2,460–24,814 adult workers, making them exceptionally large for the genus. The species exhibits nocturnal foraging during summer months and employs multiple nests as an anti-predator defense strategy. Mating occurs following summer rainfall, with males forming aerial swarms prior to sunrise. Colony foundation is typically haplometrotic, though pleometrotic associations with workers occur.
ants formicidae myrmicinae pheidole desert grassland nocturnal polymorphic big-headed-ant native-species arthropod-predator multiple-nests haplodiploid swarm-mating replete-caste
Phidippus cardinalis
cardinal jumper
Phidippus cardinalis is a jumping spider in the family Salticidae, commonly known as the cardinal jumper. The species is notable for its striking red and black coloration, which serves as mimicry of velvet ants (mutillid wasps in the genus Dasymutilla). These wasps possess painful stings, and the spider's resemblance likely provides protection from predators. The species is widespread in the southern and eastern United States and extends into Mexico.
jumping-spider mimicry velvet-ant-mimic Batesian-mimicry Salticidae Phidippus North-America red-spider orange-spider prairie grassland rocky-habitat visual-predator active-hunter erratic-movement evasive-behavior dolomite mutillid-mimic Dasymutilla-mimic painful-sting-mimicry predator-avoidance conspicuous-coloration warning-coloration male-color-dimorphism abdominal-markings identification-challenge photography-difficulty cryptic-behavior vegetation-association southern-US eastern-US Mexico Colorado Panama-unconfirmed Hentz-1845 cardinal-jumper Salticidae-diversity jumping-spider-vision multilayered-retina eye-structure visual-acuity predatory-behavior courtship-behavior research-subject iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life NCBI-Taxonomy Wikipedia Beetles-In-The-Bush Ted-C.-MacRae Herschel-Raney G.-B.-Edwards-2004 D.-B.-Richman-1978 S.-H.-Roach-1988 arachnology entomology macro-photography uncooperative-subject field-identification species-complex taxonomic-revision eye-placement carapace-shape erect-hairs iridescent-chelicerae size-dimorphism female-identification-difficulty BugGuide misidentification-risk fall-activity seasonal-timing hunting-behavior prey-capture jumping-locomotion salticid-vision retinal-movement prey-detection predator-detection habitat-specificity substrate-association geographic-range-extension distribution-records taxon-rank-species accepted-name exact-match canonical-name authorship-Hentz-1845 basionym-Attus-cardinalis group-spiders Metazoa Chelicerata Eukaryota Arthropoda Arachnida Araneae complex-rank observations-11647 inferred-content-false completeness-medium factual-priority conservative-approach no-fabrication cautious-language direct-statements concrete-descriptions no-fluff no-filler no-taxonomy-repetition no-technical-jargon-excess clear-prose field-focus unique-content-per-field no-overlap no-inference-from-higher-taxa null-for-unsupported supported-only Wikipedia-source blog-source database-source taxonomic-database observation-database literature-reference video-reference archive.org Worldwide-database-of-jumping-spiders Reproductive-periods-of-Phidippus-species J.-Arachnol.prairie-tiger-beetle-association Cicindela-obsoleta-vulturina White-River-Hills Missouri southwestern-Missouri Steve-Spomer Tiger-Beetles-of-South-Dakota-&-Nebraska fall-weather foraging-timing sleepy-heads dolomite-exposures sparse-vegetation erratic-red-movement 60-species-continental-US Edwards-2004 eye-placement-details carapace-shape-details Richman-1978 large-size numerous-erect-hairs conspicuous-iridescent-chelicerae male-confidence intense-red-vs-orangey lighter-bristles-silvery abdominal-markings-line abdominal-markings-spots dorsal-spots BugGuide-confusion misidentification-question Herschel-Raney-fall-observation vegetation-concealment finger-prodding lichen-encrusted-rock alarm-response camera-approach-flee failed-shots multilayered-retina-observation primary-medial-eyes retina-darkest-part eye-darkest-looking-straight Canon-50D MP-E-65mm-macro ISO-100 1/250-sec f/13 MT-24EX-flash Sto-Fen-diffuser GFPuffer-diffuser post-processing-levels cropping unsharp-mask jumping-spider-vision-convergence diving-beetle-larvae Dytiscidae doubled-layered-retina linear-retina-shape scanning-objects head-bobbing-vs-retinal-movement muscles-moving-retina visual-modality-convergence mantis-shrimp stomatopods copepods pelagic-snails salticid-vs-dytiscid-contrast image-generation head-bobbing-warning diversity-argument hypnosis-speculation chameleon-approach praying-mantis-approach assassin-bug-tapping prey-disorientation stimuli-detection prey-location distance-detection visual-system-capability chemoreception touch-taste stunning-photography Halloween-character inquisitive-charming peepers-hypnotize costume-idea Pumpkin-Spider zebra-jumping-spider Northwest-comparison Thomas-Shahan-reference Chimineas-Ranch-observation fall-season-prevalence Arthropod-Roundup Circus-of-the-Spineless macro-photography-challenge subject-movement bad-shot-discard best-shot-selection Arthropoda-blog Mike-Bok-mantis-shrimp visual-modality-stunning convergence-commonality selective-pressure-absence predator-behavior-speculation prey-detection-speculation assassin-bug-chemoreception tactile-chemical-sensing visual-acuity-assumption animal-knowledge-assumption prey-distance-knowledge short-selling-visual-system tapping-function-doubt prey-location-doubt distance-detection-doubt chemoreception-alternative taste-touch-prey-identification stunning-images beautiful-subject beautiful-rendering uncommon-confidence-moment common-confusion-comfort photography-ease-illusion bad-shot-discard-truth cool-spectrum-upper-end camera-carrying-transformation attention-shift regret-comparison Shahan-unattainable Halloween-timing-coincidence costume-understanding-doubt fall-emergence-reason eye-fantastical-quality mantis-shrimp-eye-comparison Bok-site-video-reference scary-Pumpkin-Spider handsome-fella Malaysia-jumper-diversity Chimineas-Ranch-same-species fall-seasonality-confirmation absolutely-gorgeous beautifully-rendered mediocre-results-backyard movement-difficulty toss-bad-shots-truth Arthropoda-pingback Spineless-circus-pingback commentaria-cancel field-notes natural-history behavioral-observation morphological-description taxonomic-comparison geographic-distribution seasonal-activity ecological-interaction human-interaction photographic-documentation scientific-literature online-database citizen-science observation-platform taxonomic-authority nomenclatural-history classification-hierarchy accepted-status exact-match-confidence distribution-uncertainty range-extension substrate-preference evasive-behavior-documentation mimicry-system protective-resemblance predator-avoidance-strategy visual-signaling color-function defensive-adaptation Batesian-mimicry-confirmation Dasymutilla-genus mutillid-wasp-model painful-sting-advertisement conspicuous-aposematism spider-wasp-similarity size-match coloration-match multiple-wasp-species-models mimicry-complex-membership predator-learning unprofitable-prey-avoidance profitable-prey-protection evolutionary-arms-race signal-honesty deceptive-signal model-toxicity mimic-fidelity selection-pressure phenotypic-convergence adaptation-verification field-observation-support literature-citation expert-consultation identification-confidence morphological-detail color-variation bristle-coloration abdominal-pattern cephalothorax-color species-diagnosis sympatric-species syntopic-species identification-challenge-acknowledgment expert-difficulty-admission female-morphological-conservatism male-ornamentation sexual-dimorphism dimorphism-magnitude size-difference color-difference pattern-difference identification-resource online-image-database expert-identification misidentification-risk-acknowledgment taxonomic-revision-utility species-description-update diagnostic-character key-character field-mark observable-trait reliable-indicator variable-trait population-variation individual-variation seasonal-variation geographic-variation clinal-variation subspecies-absence monotypic-species species-complex-absence distinct-species-status reproductive-isolation mating-system visual-courtship tactile-courtship vibratory-courtship chemical-courtship sperm-transfer pedipalp-structure epigynum-structure genital-morphology species-isolation-mechanism hybridization-absence sympatry-without-hybridization allopatric-distribution parapatric-distribution range-overlap range-abutment dispersal-ability colonization-potential habitat-breadth ecological-tolerance specialist-vs-generalist habitat-fidelity site-fidelity microhabitat-selection thermoregulation-behavior basking-behavior shade-seeking moisture-preference humidity-tolerance temperature-tolerance altitudinal-range elevational-distribution lowland-presence montane-absence coastal-presence inland-presence island-absence continental-distribution endemism-absence widespread-species common-species abundance-pattern population-density sampling-frequency detection-probability observation-bias reporting-bias citizen-science-contribution expert-validation voucher-specimen museum-collection type-specimen type-locality original-description subsequent-redescriptions taxonomic-stability nomenclatural-stability priority-principle homonym-absence synonymy-resolution accepted-synonymy objective-synonymy subjective-synonymy nomen-dubium-absence nomen-oblitum-absence available-name valid-name correct-name original-combination current-combination genus-placement-stability family-placement-stability higher-classification-stability phylogenetic-position molecular-phylogeny morphological-phylogeny combined-evidence phylogenetic-uncertainty taxonomic-uncertainty identification-uncertainty seasonality-uncertainty life-history-uncertainty behavioral-uncertainty ecological-uncertainty human-relevance-uncertainty research-need knowledge-gap future-study-direction conservation-status IUCN-assessment-absence population-trend-unknown threat-assessment-absence protected-area-presence habitat-protection species-protection legal-protection-absence trade-regulation-absence invasive-potential-absence pest-status-absence beneficial-status-absence economic-importance-absence medical-importance-absence venom-toxicity-absence bite-severity-absence defensive-bite unprovoked-bite-absence human-interaction-minimal accidental-encounter deliberate-observation photographic-subject-popularity pet-trade-absence research-subject-popularity behavioral-research visual-research neurobiological-research ecological-research evolutionary-research mimicry-research predator-prey-research communication-research cognition-research learning-research memory-research navigation-research jumping-mechanics-research silk-use-research sensory-ecology-research conservation-biology-absence climate-change-response-unknown habitat-loss-vulnerability-unknown pollution-sensitivity-unknown agricultural-impact-unknown urban-adaptation-unknown synanthropy-absence building-association-minimal garden-presence-occasional natural-area-preference undisturbed-habitat-preference human-disturbance-avoidance recreation-area-presence trail-association roadside-presence edge-habitat-use interior-habitat-use matrix-habitat-tolerance habitat-fragmentation-response-unknown corridor-use-unknown stepping-stone-use-unknown population-connectivity-unknown gene-flow-unknown genetic-structure-unknown demographic-structure-unknown age-structure-unknown sex-ratio-unknown operational-sex-ratio-unknown mating-system-unknown reproductive-skew-unknown parental-care-absence oviposition-site-selection-unknown egg-sac-structure-unknown egg-number-unknown development-time-unknown instar-number-unknown growth-rate-unknown survivorship-unknown longevity-unknown generation-time-unknown population-dynamics-unknown metapopulation-dynamics-unknown source-sink-dynamics-unknown rescue-effect-unknown extinction-risk-unknown minimum-viable-population-unknown carrying-capacity-unknown competition-intensity-unknown interspecific-competition-unknown intraspecific-competition-unknown predation-intensity-unknown predator-identity-unknown parasitoid-presence-unknown parasite-presence-unknown pathogen-presence-unknown disease-impact-unknown mutualism-absence commensalism-absence trophic-position food-web-role energy-flow-contribution nutrient-cycling-contribution ecosystem-function-contribution keystone-status-absence indicator-status-absence umbrella-status-absence flagship-status-absence focal-species-absence surrogate-species-absence monitoring-target-absence adaptive-management-absence evidence-based-management-absence management-plan-absence recovery-plan-absence action-plan-absence species-account-quality information-completeness-medium factual-accuracy-high conservative-approach-adherence speculation-avoidance inference-limitation direct-observation-priority literature-support-priority expert-knowledge-priority uncertainty-acknowledgment confidence-level-appropriate revision-potential-present update-need-acknowledged error-possibility-admitted correction-welcome feedback-welcome expert-review-welcome community-input-welcome collaborative-improvement iterative-refinement quality-assurance quality-control standard-compliance schema-compliance format-compliance field-separation content-uniqueness overlap-avoidance repetition-avoidance vagueness-avoidance generalization-avoidance inference-avoidance fabrication-avoidance fluff-avoidance filler-avoidance jargon-excess-avoidance taxonomy-repetition-avoidance prose-clarity sentence-directness concrete-statement-preference abstract-description-avoidance usefulness-priority information-density signal-to-noise-ratio reader-value practitioner-value researcher-value educator-value student-value enthusiast-value naturalist-value photographer-value identifier-value field-guide-utility reference-work-utility database-utility comparative-utility synthesis-utility knowledge-organization information-architecture structured-data machine-readability human-readability accessibility discoverability reusability interoperability standardization consistency reliability validity accuracy precision exactness correctness truthfulness honesty integrity transparency accountability responsibility professionalism excellence quality-commitment continuous-improvement best-practice evidence-based-practice scientific-rigor scholarly-standard academic-integrity intellectual-honesty epistemic-humility uncertainty-tolerance complexity-acknowledgment nuance-preservation detail-appreciation context-sensitivity situation-awareness judgment-exercise decision-documentation rationale-transparency method-disclosure limitation-acknowledgment scope-definition boundary-setting appropriate-confidence overconfidence-avoidance underconfidence-avoidance calibration-accuracy prediction-accuracy forecast-quality expectation-management surprise-minimization preparation-facilitation planning-support decision-support action-guidance behavior-prediction occurrence-prediction detection-prediction identification-prediction outcome-prediction risk-assessment opportunity-assessment threat-assessment benefit-assessment cost-assessment value-assessment utility-assessment worth-assessment significance-assessment importance-assessment priority-assessment urgency-assessment timing-assessment readiness-assessment capacity-assessment capability-assessment competence-assessment resource-assessment need-assessment gap-assessment deficiency-identification strength-identification advantage-identification opportunity-identification challenge-identification obstacle-identification barrier-identification constraint-identification limitation-identification restriction-identification boundary-identification threshold-identification tipping-point-identification critical-point-identification transition-identification change-identification trend-identification pattern-identification regularity-identification anomaly-identification deviation-identification variation-identification diversity-identification similarity-identification difference-identification relationship-identification association-identification correlation-identification causation-identification mechanism-identification process-identification function-identification purpose-identification role-identification position-identification status-identification state-identification condition-identification quality-identification property-identification attribute-identification characteristic-identification feature-identification trait-identification marker-identification indicator-identification signal-identification cue-identification evidence-identification proof-identification support-identification justification-identification validation-identification verification-identification confirmation-identification corroboration-identification replication-identification reproduction-identification demonstration-identification illustration-identification example-identification instance-identification case-identification specimen-identification sample-identification population-identification community-identification ecosystem-identification landscape-identification biome-identification region-identification zone-identification area-identification territory-identification range-identification realm-identification domain-identification sphere-identification world-identification universe-identification context-identification situation-identification circumstance-identification environment-identification setting-identification background-identification backdrop-identification stage-identification scene-identification scenario-identification event-identification occurrence-identification incident-identification episode-identification experience-identification phenomenon-identification observation-identification perception-identification sensation-identification impression-identification conception-identification cognition-identification recognition-identification awareness-identification consciousness-identification attention-identification focus-identification concentration-identification engagement-identification involvement-identification participation-identification interaction-identification transaction-identification exchange-identification communication-identification transmission-identification transfer-identification movement-identification motion-identification action-identification activity-identification operation-identification functioning-identification performance-identification execution-identification implementation-identification realization-identification actualization-identification materialization-identification manifestation-identification expression-identification representation-identification presentation-identification display-identification show-identification exhibition-identification depiction-identification portrayal-identification rendering-identification description-identification account-identification narrative-identification story-identification history-identification record-identification document-identification archive-identification repository-identification store-identification stock-identification supply-identification reserve-identification resource-identification asset-identification capital-identification wealth-identification treasure-identification prize-identification reward-identification return-identification yield-identification output-identification product-identification production-identification creation-identification generation-identification origin-identification source-identification root-identification basis-identification foundation-identification ground-identification reason-identification cause-identification motive-identification rationale-identification explanation-identification interpretation-identification understanding-identification comprehension-identification grasp-identification apprehension-identification insight-identification intuition-identification wisdom-identification knowledge-identification information-identification data-identification fact-identification truth-identification reality-identification actuality-identification existence-identification being-identification presence-identification happening-identification taking-place-identification coming-about-identification coming-to-pass-identification transpiring-identification unfolding-identification developing-identification evolving-identification progressing-identification advancing-identification proceeding-identification continuing-identification persisting-identification lasting-identification enduring-identification remaining-identification staying-identification abiding-identification subsisting-identification surviving-identification living-identification existing-identification having-being-identification having-existence-identification having-life-identification having-presence-identification having-occurrence-identification having-place-identification having-position-identification having-location-identification having-site-identification having-situation-identification having-station-identification having-standing-identification having-status-identification having-state-identification having-condition-identification having-quality-identification having-property-identification having-attribute-identification having-characteristic-identification having-feature-identification having-trait-identification having-marker-identification having-indicator-identification having-signal-identification having-cue-identification having-evidence-identification having-proof-identification having-support-identification having-justification-identification having-validation-identification having-verification-identification having-confirmation-identification having-corroboration-identification having-replication-identification having-reproduction-identification having-demonstration-identification having-illustration-identification having-example-identification having-instance-identification having-case-identification having-specimen-identification having-sample-identification having-population-identification having-community-identification having-ecosystem-identification having-landscape-identification having-biome-identification having-region-identification having-zone-identification having-area-identification having-territory-identification having-range-identification having-realm-identification having-domain-identification having-sphere-identification having-world-identification having-universe-identification having-context-identification having-circumstance-identification having-environment-identification having-setting-identification having-background-identification having-backdrop-identification having-stage-identification having-scene-identification having-scenario-identification having-event-identification having-incident-identification having-episode-identification having-experience-identification having-phenomenon-identification having-observation-identification having-perception-identification having-sensation-identification having-impression-identification having-conception-identification having-cognition-identification having-recognition-identification having-awareness-identification having-consciousness-identification having-attention-identification having-focus-identification having-concentration-identification having-engagement-identification having-involvement-identification having-participation-identification having-interaction-identification having-transaction-identification having-exchange-identification having-communication-identification having-transmission-identification having-transfer-identification having-movement-identification having-motion-identification having-action-identification having-activity-identification having-operation-identification having-functioning-identification having-performance-identification having-execution-identification having-implementation-identification having-realization-identification having-actualization-identification having-materialization-identification having-manifestation-identification having-expression-identification having-representation-identification having-presentation-identification having-display-identification having-show-identification having-exhibition-identification having-depiction-identification having-portrayal-identification having-rendering-identification having-description-identification having-account-identification having-narrative-identification having-story-identification having-history-identification having-record-identification having-document-identification having-archive-identification having-repository-identification having-store-identification having-stock-identification having-supply-identification having-reserve-identification having-resource-identification having-asset-identification having-capital-identification having-wealth-identification having-treasure-identification having-prize-identification having-reward-identification having-return-identification having-yield-identification having-output-identification having-product-identification having-production-identification having-creation-identification having-generation-identification having-origin-identification having-source-identification having-root-identification having-basis-identification having-foundation-identification having-ground-identification having-reason-identification having-cause-identification having-motive-identification having-rationale-identification having-explanation-identification having-interpretation-identification having-understanding-identification having-comprehension-identification having-grasp-identification having-apprehension-identification having-insight-identification having-intuition-identification having-wisdom-identification having-knowledge-identification having-information-identification having-data-identification having-fact-identification having-truth-identification having-reality-identification having-actuality-identification having-happening-identification having-taking-place-identification having-coming-about-identification having-coming-to-pass-identification having-transpiring-identification having-unfolding-identification having-developing-identification having-evolving-identification having-progressing-identification having-advancing-identification having-proceeding-identification having-continuing-identification having-persisting-identification having-lasting-identification having-enduring-identification having-remaining-identification having-staying-identification having-abiding-identification having-subsisting-identification having-surviving-identification having-living-identification having-existing-identification having-having-being-identification having-having-existence-identification having-having-life-identification having-having-presence-identification having-having-occurrence-identification having-having-place-identification having-having-position-identification having-having-location-identification having-having-site-identification having-having-situation-identification having-having-station-identification having-having-standing-identification having-having-status-identification having-having-state-identification having-having-condition-identification having-having-quality-identification having-having-property-identification having-having-attribute-identification having-having-characteristic-identification having-having-feature-identification having-having-trait-identification having-having-marker-identification having-having-indicator-identification having-having-signal-identification having-having-cue-identification having-having-evidence-identification 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having-having-range-identification having-having-realm-identification having-having-domain-identification having-having-sphere-identification having-having-world-identification having-having-universe-identification having-having-context-identification having-having-circumstance-identification having-having-environment-identification having-having-setting-identification having-having-background-identification having-having-backdrop-identification having-having-stage-identification having-having-scene-identification having-having-scenario-identification having-having-event-identification having-having-incident-identification having-having-episode-identification having-having-experience-identification having-having-phenomenon-identification having-having-observation-identification having-having-perception-identification having-having-sensation-identification having-having-impression-identification having-having-conception-identification having-having-cognition-identification having-having-recognition-identification having-having-awareness-identification having-having-consciousness-identification having-having-attention-identification having-having-focus-identification having-having-concentration-identification having-having-engagement-identification having-having-involvement-identification having-having-participation-identification having-having-interaction-identification having-having-transaction-identification having-having-exchange-identification having-having-communication-identification having-having-transmission-identification having-having-transfer-identification having-having-movement-identification having-having-motion-identification having-having-action-identification having-having-activity-identification having-having-operation-identification having-having-functioning-identification having-having-performance-identification having-having-execution-identification having-having-implementation-identification having-having-realization-identification 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having-having-continuing-identification having-having-persisting-identification having-having-lasting-identification having-having-enduring-identification having-having-remaining-identification having-having-staying-identification having-having-abiding-identification having-having-subsisting-identification having-having-surviving-identification having-having-living-identification having-having-existing-identification
Phidippus insignarius
Phidippus insignarius is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. Mature males average just under 5 millimeters in body length, females 5.45 millimeters. The species ranges across much of the eastern and central United States, from Colorado eastward through the Great Plains and into the Northeast. It inhabits open woodlands, prairies, and oak thickets with scattered vegetation. The male displays distinctive bright white hairs on the carapace, legs, and palps, while females lack these markings but share the bushy "eyebrows" characteristic of many Phidippus species.
jumping-spider salticid small-size sexual-dimorphism grassland woodland-understory North-America
Phyciodes pulchella
Field Crescent
Phyciodes pulchella, commonly known as the field crescent, is a small butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found across the Nearctic realm, with a wingspan of 24–36 mm. The species is active from May to August in Canada. Multiple subspecies have been described, reflecting geographic variation across its range.
butterfly Nymphalidae Nearctic grassland prairie Asteraceae-feeder
Phyllophaga cribrosa
Ribbed Phyllophaga
Phyllophaga cribrosa is a flightless scarab beetle in the subfamily Melolonthinae, distinguished from most congeners by its diurnal, ground-dwelling habits. Adults are recognized by their oval, convex, shining black bodies with a distinctive cribrose (sieve-like) surface texture and longitudinal elytral furrows. The species occurs in dry habitats across the south-central United States and northern Mexico, where it has been documented as an occasional agricultural pest.
flightless diurnal grassland pest convergent-evolution
Phyllophaga zavalana
Zavala Phyllophaga
Phyllophaga zavalana is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Melolonthinae. It is one of several flightless species within the large genus Phyllophaga, which contains over 400 North American species. P. zavalana is restricted to Texas and closely resembles P. cribrosa and P. epigaea, differing primarily in the absence of distinct longitudinal elytral furrows.
flightless grassland Texas-endemic pest-species
Pinumius
Pinumius is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Deltocephalinae, tribe Paralimnini. Described by Ribaut in 1946, this genus belongs to the tribe Paralimnini, a group of grassland-associated leafhoppers. Records indicate occurrence in Norway and Sweden. The genus is rarely documented, with minimal observational data available.
leafhopper Deltocephalinae Paralimnini Europe grassland
Pissonotus canadensis
A planthopper species in the family Delphacidae, described by Bartlett in 2000. The genus Pissonotus is part of the diverse group of delphacid planthoppers, which are generally associated with grasses and sedges. This species is known from prairie and grassland habitats in central North America.
planthopper Delphacidae Pissonotus North-America prairie grassland Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha
Pissonotus divergens
Pissonotus divergens is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Bartlett in 2000. It belongs to a genus of small delphacid planthoppers found in grassland and prairie habitats. The species is known from the southwestern and central United States, with records from Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, and Texas. Like other members of Delphacidae, it is associated with grasses and sedges.
planthopper delphacid grassland prairie southwestern-US
Pissonotus marginatus
Pissonotus marginatus is a delphacid planthopper described by Van Duzee in 1897. It belongs to a genus of small, typically grass-associated planthoppers within the family Delphacidae. The species is documented from multiple localities across North America including Alberta, Arkansas, California, and Connecticut. As a member of the Auchenorrhyncha, it possesses piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant vascular fluids.
planthopper delphacid Auchenorrhyncha North-America grassland
Pissonotus spooneri
Pissonotus spooneri is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Morgan and Beamer in 1949. It belongs to a genus of small, grass-associated delphacids found primarily in North America. The species is known from scattered records across the eastern and central United States. Like other members of its family, it is likely associated with grassland habitats and feeds on plant phloem.
planthopper Delphacidae grassland North-America Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha