Prairie
Guides
Microstylum morosum
Giant Prairie Robber Fly
Microstylum morosum is the largest robber fly in North America, with body lengths reaching 35–50 mm. The species was long considered endemic to Texas until range extensions were documented into Oklahoma, Kansas, Arkansas, Missouri, and southwestern states. It inhabits prairie and grassland ecosystems, where adults are active predators. The species exhibits distinctive emerald-green eyes and a relatively hairless, streamlined body compared to other large asilids.
Nemognatha macswaini
Nemognatha macswaini is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae, subfamily Nemognathinae. It was described by W.R. Enns in 1956. The species is found in North America and is part of a genus characterized by elongated, nectar-feeding mouthparts adapted to flowers with deep corollas. Like other Nemognatha species, it likely feeds on pollen and nectar as an adult.
Nemognatha sparsa
Nemognatha sparsa is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, first described by LeConte in 1868. Like other members of its genus, it belongs to the subfamily Nemognathinae, which is characterized by elongated adult mouthparts adapted for feeding on flowers. The species is known from North America, with specimen records from museum collections in the western United States.
Neoconocephalus ensiger
Sword-bearing Conehead, Swordbearer
Neoconocephalus ensiger is a katydid species in the conehead tribe Copiphorini, recognized by the male's elongated, sword-like ovipositor-like structure at the abdomen tip. Males produce loud, distinctive songs through stridulation of modified forewings. The species occurs in grassland and prairie habitats across eastern and central North America. It is primarily nocturnal and has been observed molting to adulthood at night near ultraviolet light sources.
Neominois ridingsii
Ridings' satyr
Neominois ridingsii is a North American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, commonly known as Ridings' satyr. The species occupies short-grass prairie and intermountain grassland habitats across a broad range from southern Canada to the southwestern United States. Larvae feed exclusively on Bouteloua gracilis, and third- and fourth-instar larvae overwinter. Multiple subspecies have been described based on geographic variation across its range.
Neoscythris
Neoscythris is a genus of microlepidopteran moths in the family Scythrididae, established by Landry in 1991. The genus contains at least four described species found in North America. These moths are among the smallest in their family, with adults typically measuring 4–5 mm in length. They are commonly referred to as 'flower moths' due to their frequent association with flowering plants.
Neotibicen auriferus
Plains Dog-Day Cicada, Field cicada
Neotibicen auriferus is an annual cicada species in the family Cicadidae, commonly known as the Plains Dog-Day Cicada or Field cicada. Like other annual cicadas, it emerges during mid- to late summer rather than in synchronized broods. The species is known from the central United States, with records from Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Mississippi, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Males produce species-specific songs using tymbal organs to attract females for mating.
Neotibicen canicularis
dog-day cicada, dog-day harvestfly, heatbug, Northern Dog-day Cicada
Neotibicen canicularis is an annual cicada species found across much of North America, commonly known as the dog-day cicada or dog-day harvestfly. Unlike periodical cicadas that emerge in synchronized broods every 13 or 17 years, this species appears every summer, though individuals require several years to develop underground. Adults are active during the hot midsummer period traditionally called the "dog days." The species has been documented as a host for multiple flesh fly parasitoids in the family Sarcophagidae, including several first-record associations.
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Nisoscolopocerus is a genus of leaf-footed bugs in the family Coreidae, established by Barber in 1928. The genus contains at least two described species: Nisoscolopocerus apiculatus and Nisoscolopocerus schuhi. These insects are true bugs (Hemiptera) belonging to the tribe Hypselonotini within the subfamily Coreinae. The genus has been recorded from western North America, including the Canadian prairies and the western United States.
Oarisma garita
Garita Skipperling, Western Skipperling, Garita Skipper
A small grass skipper native to North American prairies and open habitats. Adults are active in early summer with a flight period from mid-June through mid-July. The species has been studied as a comparative model for understanding temperature effects on development in the endangered congener O. poweshiek.
Oeneis alberta
Alberta Arctic
Oeneis alberta is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, commonly known as the Alberta Arctic. It inhabits prairie and montane grassland habitats across the Canadian prairie provinces and isolated Rocky Mountain populations in the southwestern United States. The species exhibits a single annual generation with adults active in late spring. Larvae feed on bunch grasses and overwinter in the larval stage.
Okanagana balli
Prairie Cicada
Okanagana balli is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae, described by William T. Davis in 1919. It is commonly known as the Prairie Cicada and occurs in the central United States. As a member of the genus Okanagana, it belongs to a group of annual cicadas rather than the periodical cicadas famous for their mass emergences. The species inhabits prairie and grassland ecosystems.
Omorgus scabrosus
Omorgus scabrosus is a species of hide beetle in the family Trogidae, found across much of North America from Canada to Mexico. The species belongs to a family specialized in feeding on dried animal remains. Its distribution spans diverse habitats including grasslands, woodlands, and desert edge environments.
Oncopsis prairiana
Oncopsis prairiana is a leafhopper species described by Hamilton in 1983. It is currently treated as a synonym of Oncopsis minor. The species has been recorded from prairie and grassland regions of North America, with distribution records from the northern United States and southern Canada. Very few observations exist, with only 2 records on iNaturalist.
Orchelimum gladiator
Gladiator Meadow Katydid, Gladiator Katydid
Orchelimum gladiator is a meadow katydid in the family Tettigoniidae, characterized by its pale green coloration with variable dark brown markings on the occiput and pronotum. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size, with females larger than males. It inhabits grasslands and meadows near water sources across the northern United States. The species is known to be parasitized by horsehair worms.
Orphulella
slant-faced pasture grasshoppers
Orphulella is a genus of slant-faced grasshoppers in the family Acrididae, subfamily Gomphocerinae, tribe Orphulellini. The genus contains more than 20 described species distributed throughout the Americas, from southern Canada to northern Mexico and South America. It is the most widely distributed and most species-abundant genus of North American Trypalinae (Gomphocerinae). Species are typically small, long-winged grasshoppers associated with grassland habitats.
Ospriocerus
robber flies
Ospriocerus is a genus of robber flies (family Asilidae) containing approximately 17 described species. These large, predatory flies are primarily associated with grassland and prairie habitats across western North America. Several species exhibit mimetic coloration resembling spider wasps (Pompilidae), with black bodies and red or orange abdominal markings. The genus has been documented as far north as Canada and south into Mexico. Species such as O. abdominalis represent significant range extensions when found in eastern localities, highlighting the importance of remnant prairie conservation.
Ospriocerus latipennis
Ospriocerus latipennis is a robber fly species in the family Asilidae, one of three Ospriocerus species recorded in Canada. It inhabits grassland habitats on the Great Plains. The species has been documented in association with the beetle family Meloidae, though the nature of this relationship requires further investigation. As with other robber flies, adults are presumed to be predatory.
Papaipema eryngii
Rattlesnake-master Borer Moth
Papaipema eryngii is a noctuid moth whose larvae are specialized stem borers of the rattlesnake master (Eryngium yuccifolium). The species has a restricted range in the central United States, tied to the distribution of its host plant. It is the only member of its genus known to have adapted to the defensive chemistry of this particular host. The species is listed as endangered in Illinois and was the subject of a declined federal protection petition in 2020.
Papaipema rigida
rigid sunflower borer, Joe-Pye Weed and Rigid Sunflower Borer Moth
Papaipema rigida is a noctuid moth commonly known as the rigid sunflower borer. The species is native to North America and is one of approximately 50 species in the genus Papaipema, a group of borers specialized on herbaceous plants. The common name references its association with rigid sunflower (Helianthus rigida) and related composite plants. The species was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1877.
Papaipema silphii
Silphium Borer Moth, silphius borer moth
Papaipema silphii, commonly known as the Silphium Borer Moth, is a noctuid moth species described by Bird in 1915. It belongs to the genus Papaipema, a group of moths whose larvae are specialized borers in the stems and roots of herbaceous plants. The species is found in North America and is associated with plants in the genus Silphium. The species has been assigned Hodges number 9498 in the North American moth numbering system.
Paropomala wyomingensis
Wyoming toothpick grasshopper
Paropomala wyomingensis, the Wyoming toothpick grasshopper, is a slant-faced grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is common in the shortgrass prairies of eastern Wyoming, with populations diminishing in mixedgrass prairie and desert regions. Adults are active from mid-July to early September. The species feeds on multiple grass species and has been recorded from the western United States south to Central America.
Parvindela
American Diminutive Tiger Beetles, swift tiger beetle
Parvindela is a genus of small, flightless tiger beetles in the family Cicindelidae, established by Duran & Gough in 2019 when it was elevated from subgenus status within Cylindera. The genus contains species adapted to specialized habitats including loess hilltop prairies, sand plains, and gypsum mesas in the central United States. The type species, Parvindela celeripes (formerly Cylindera celeripes), is known from disjunct populations in northwestern Oklahoma and northwestern Missouri. These beetles are characterized by their diminutive size, rapid running speed, and reduced or absent flight wings.
Parvindela lunalonga
Meadow Tiger Beetle
Parvindela lunalonga is a tiger beetle species in the family Cicindelidae, historically classified under the genus Cylindera but now placed in Parvindela. It is native to North America with confirmed records from the United States. The species is known from relatively few observations (12 records on iNaturalist), suggesting it may be uncommon, locally distributed, or undercollected. Like other Parvindela species, it is likely associated with open, sandy or clay habitats where tiger beetles typically hunt.
Pediodectes daedalus
Pediodectes daedalus is a species of shieldback katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. The genus Pediodectes comprises wingless or short-winged katydids distributed across the Great Plains of North America. Adults of this genus are typically found in prairie and grassland habitats, often associated with herbaceous vegetation. Species in Pediodectes are known for their cryptic coloration, though some individuals may exhibit more contrasting markings. The genus is taxonomically challenging, with species identification often requiring examination of morphological details beyond external coloration.
Phidippus apacheanus
Apache Jumping Spider
Phidippus apacheanus is a medium-to-large jumping spider in the family Salticidae, notable for its striking black and orange-red coloration. Males exhibit bright orange-red dorsal surfaces with black legs and venter, while females are larger with a characteristic dark dorsal stripe on the abdomen. The species is hypothesized to be a Müllerian or Batesian mimic of velvet ants (Mutillidae), particularly Dasymutilla flammifera, matching both their aposematic coloration and general body shape. It occupies grassland and prairie habitats across much of the United States, Mexico, and Cuba, with males most frequently encountered in autumn.
Phidippus cardinalis
cardinal jumper
Phidippus cardinalis is a jumping spider in the family Salticidae, commonly known as the cardinal jumper. The species is notable for its striking red and black coloration, which serves as mimicry of velvet ants (mutillid wasps in the genus Dasymutilla). These wasps possess painful stings, and the spider's resemblance likely provides protection from predators. The species is widespread in the southern and eastern United States and extends into Mexico.
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t-identificationhaving-having-basis-identificationhaving-having-foundation-identificationhaving-having-ground-identificationhaving-having-reason-identificationhaving-having-cause-identificationhaving-having-motive-identificationhaving-having-rationale-identificationhaving-having-explanation-identificationhaving-having-interpretation-identificationhaving-having-understanding-identificationhaving-having-comprehension-identificationhaving-having-grasp-identificationhaving-having-apprehension-identificationhaving-having-insight-identificationhaving-having-intuition-identificationhaving-having-wisdom-identificationhaving-having-knowledge-identificationhaving-having-information-identificationhaving-having-data-identificationhaving-having-fact-identificationhaving-having-truth-identificationhaving-having-reality-identificationhaving-having-actuality-identificationhaving-having-happening-identificationhaving-having-taking-place-identificationhaving-having-coming-about-identificationhaving-having-coming-to-pass-identificationhaving-having-transpiring-identificationhaving-having-unfolding-identificationhaving-having-developing-identificationhaving-having-evolving-identificationhaving-having-progressing-identificationhaving-having-advancing-identificationhaving-having-proceeding-identificationhaving-having-continuing-identificationhaving-having-persisting-identificationhaving-having-lasting-identificationhaving-having-enduring-identificationhaving-having-remaining-identificationhaving-having-staying-identificationhaving-having-abiding-identificationhaving-having-subsisting-identificationhaving-having-surviving-identificationhaving-having-living-identificationhaving-having-existing-identificationPhilaenarcys bilineata
Prairie Spittlebug
Philaenarcys bilineata, commonly known as the prairie spittlebug, is a species of spittlebug in the family Aphrophoridae. It is found in North America, with documented occurrences in Alberta, British Columbia, Missouri, New Brunswick, and the Northwest Territories. The species inhabits prairies and boreal forests, and is part of the true bug order Hemiptera. As a spittlebug, it produces the characteristic frothy 'spittle' as a nymph, which serves as protection and moisture retention.
Phoetaliotes nebrascensis
large-headed grasshopper, largeheaded grasshopper, red-nosed grasshopper, big head, large-headed locust
Phoetaliotes nebrascensis is a medium-sized, slim spur-throated grasshopper distinguished by its disproportionately large head relative to body size. It is a dominant species in North American tallgrass prairie and common in lush patches of mixedgrass prairie. The species exhibits wing dimorphism: most adults have short, non-functional wings, while a small percentage possess long wings enabling flight. It feeds almost exclusively on grasses, an unusual trait among spur-throated grasshoppers.
Phragmatobia lineata
Lined Ruby Tiger Moth
Phragmatobia lineata, commonly known as the lined ruby tiger moth, is a species of tiger moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Newman and Donahue in 1966. The species is associated with prairie habitats and has a relatively restricted distribution in North America. Adults are active in spring, with a flight period from early to late May. The species is part of the diverse tiger moth group, which includes many species with bright warning coloration.
Phyciodes pulchella
Field Crescent
Phyciodes pulchella, commonly known as the field crescent, is a small butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found across the Nearctic realm, with a wingspan of 24–36 mm. The species is active from May to August in Canada. Multiple subspecies have been described, reflecting geographic variation across its range.
Phyllobrotica lengi
Phyllobrotica lengi is an exceptionally rare leaf beetle endemic to eastern North America. First described by Blatchley in 1910, this species remained virtually unknown in Missouri until a small series was collected in 1988 on Scutellaria parvula. It is one of the rarest beetles in Missouri, with only four historical specimens known prior to the 1988 collection. Like other Phyllobrotica species, it is an extreme host specialist, feeding exclusively on skullcap plants (Scutellaria).
Physocephala burgessi
thick-headed fly
Physocephala burgessi is a species of thick-headed fly in the family Conopidae. Like other members of its genus, it is a parasitoid of bees and wasps. The species exhibits wasp mimicry in appearance and behavior, including an elongated abdomen resembling a wasp waist and dark pigmentation along the front wing margin that mimics the folded wing appearance of potter wasps at rest.
Pissonotus canadensis
A planthopper species in the family Delphacidae, described by Bartlett in 2000. The genus Pissonotus is part of the diverse group of delphacid planthoppers, which are generally associated with grasses and sedges. This species is known from prairie and grassland habitats in central North America.
Pissonotus divergens
Pissonotus divergens is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae, described by Bartlett in 2000. It belongs to a genus of small delphacid planthoppers found in grassland and prairie habitats. The species is known from the southwestern and central United States, with records from Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, and Texas. Like other members of Delphacidae, it is associated with grasses and sedges.
Plebejus icarioides icarioides
Melissa Blue, Icaricia Blue
Plebejus icarioides icarioides is a subspecies of blue butterfly in the family Lycaenidae, commonly known as the Melissa Blue or Icaricia Blue. The species complex has been subject to taxonomic revision, with this subspecies sometimes placed in the genus Icaricia. It occurs in western North America and is associated with open habitats. The subspecies is part of a broader species group that includes the endangered Fender's blue butterfly (P. i. fenderi), which has been extensively studied for conservation purposes.
Plebejus idas aster
Idas Blue, Northern Blue
Plebejus idas aster is a subspecies of the Idas Blue butterfly, a small lycaenid found in North America. It belongs to a complex of closely related blue butterflies that have been subject to taxonomic revision, with this subspecies sometimes treated under the genus Lycaena. The species is associated with open habitats and has documented relationships with host plants and ants.
Plesioclytus morrisi
Plesioclytus morrisi is a longhorn beetle species in the family Cerambycidae, described by Wappes and Skelley in 2015. It was previously known as Aegomorphus morrisii. The species has been documented in Mississippi, where specimens were collected in prairie habitats. It is considered uncommon and was historically known from very few specimens.
Pogonomyrmex comanche
Comanche harvester ant
Pogonomyrmex comanche, the Comanche harvester ant, is an endangered harvester ant species endemic to the western Gulf Coastal Plain of North America. Genetic studies indicate central Texas serves as the center of genetic diversity, consistent with Pleistocene refugia patterns observed in many regional species. Northern populations in Arkansas and Oklahoma exhibit lower genetic diversity and evidence of population contraction rather than recent range expansion. The species shows signs of dispersal limitation, with high genetic diversity and few identical sequences among sampled individuals. Its decline appears driven by a combination of habitat loss and limited dispersal capacity, though exact mechanisms remain under investigation.
Polistes dominula
European Paper Wasp
Polistes dominula is a highly successful invasive social wasp native to Eurasia that has established populations across North America, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, and other regions. First detected in North America near Boston in 1978, it has become one of the most abundant wasps on the continent. The species builds small, exposed paper nests in protected locations and preys primarily on live insects, particularly caterpillars. Unlike yellowjackets, it does not scavenge for meat or sugar. Its rapid spread has been attributed to ecological flexibility, superior competitive ability, and tolerance of human-altered environments.
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Porpomiris is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae, established by Berg in 1883. The genus contains at least three described species: Porpomiris campinensis, Porpomiris curtulus, and Porpomiris picturatus. One species, P. curtulus, has been documented as a specialist on switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), indicating the genus may include grass-associated species.
Prairiana subta
Prairiana subta is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, originally described as a variety of Gypona cinerea by Ball in 1920 before being transferred to genus Prairiana. It belongs to the tribe Gyponini, a group of relatively robust leafhoppers often associated with grassland and prairie habitats. The species is known from scattered records across the western and central United States.
Proserpinus gaurae
proud sphinx moth, Proud Sphinx
Proserpinus gaurae is a medium-sized sphinx moth with distinctive orange and chestnut coloration. Adults are active primarily from April through August, with one or two generations per year. The species is notable for having the longest labial palps of any Proserpinus species. Larvae feed on evening primrose relatives and pupate in shallow soil burrows to overwinter.
SphingidaeMacroglossinaeMacroglossiniProserpinusproud-sphinx-mothProud-SphinxNorth-AmericaUnited-StatesMexicoevening-primroseOnagraceaeOenotheraGauraEpilobiumnocturnalspringsummerAprilMayJuneJulyAugust1797SmithSphinx-gauraemedium-sizedorangechestnutreddishwhiteblacklabial-palpssinuateforewinghindwingshallow-burrowoverwinterpupalarvaherbivorelepidopteristrearcollectprairiemeadowdisturbedopen-habitatTexasLouisianaFloridaAlabamaMissouriGeorgiaSouth-Carolinanorthern-MexicoPsiloscelis abnormalis
clown beetle
Psiloscelis abnormalis is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae, described by Mann in 1924. It is known from limited distribution records in the northern Great Plains region of North America, specifically from the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan and the U.S. state of North Dakota. Like other members of Histeridae, it is presumed to be associated with decomposing organic matter, though specific ecological details remain undocumented.
Psiloscelis corrosa
clown beetle
Psiloscelis corrosa is a species of clown beetle (family Histeridae) described by Thomas L. Casey in 1893. The species is documented from prairie and grassland regions of central North America, with records spanning from the Canadian prairies through the northern Great Plains to the upper Midwest. Like other histerid beetles, it is likely associated with decaying organic matter and carrion, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented. The genus Psiloscelis contains relatively small, inconspicuous species that are infrequently collected.
Pyrgota undata
waved light fly
Pyrgota undata, commonly known as the waved light fly, is a species of fly in the family Pyrgotidae. It is a wasp-mimicking species that has been observed in mating pairs engaging in distinctive 'French kissing' behavior. The species has been documented in Missouri glade habitats and at bioblitz events in prairie ecosystems.
Pyrgus scriptura
Small Checkered-Skipper, small checkered skipper
Pyrgus scriptura is a small skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, commonly known as the small checkered skipper. It occurs across the western and central United States and southern Canada. The species has two generations per year and is associated with open, dry habitats. Larvae feed on plants in the mallow family (Malvaceae), particularly Sida hederacea.
Raphia frater abrupta
Abrupt Brother
Raphia frater abrupta is a subspecies of moth in the family Noctuidae, commonly known as the Abrupt Brother. It was described from North American specimens and is distinguished from the nominate subspecies by subtle morphological differences in wing pattern. The subspecies occurs in prairie and open woodland habitats across parts of Canada and the northern United States.
Romaleidae
lubber grasshoppers, lubbers
Romaleidae, commonly known as lubber grasshoppers, are a family of large, flightless or short-winged grasshoppers found in the Americas. The family includes some of the largest and most robust grasshoppers in North America, with adults often exceeding 50 mm in length and displaying striking color patterns. The common name "lubber" derives from nautical slang for a clumsy person, referencing their slow, deliberate movements and inability to fly. The family comprises two subfamilies, Bactrophorinae and Romaleinae, with the latter containing the well-known genus Romalea. Many species exhibit aposematic coloration as nymphs and adults, advertising their chemical defenses against predators.
Schinia biforma
Schinia biforma is a small noctuid moth species described by Smith in 1906. It occurs in the south-central United States, with documented records from Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. The species has a wingspan of approximately 21 mm. Larvae are known to feed on Amblyolepis setigera, a member of the sunflower family.