Prairie
Guides
Erynnis juvenalis juvenalis
Northern Juvenal's Duskywing, Juvenal's Duskywing
Erynnis juvenalis juvenalis is a subspecies of duskywing skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is active in early spring, with adults flying during April and May. The species is notoriously difficult to identify from related taxa based on dorsal wing patterns alone. It has been documented in prairie and fen habitats in the central United States.
Erynnis zarucco
Zarucco Duskywing
Erynnis zarucco is a skipper butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, distributed from southern Ontario through the southeastern United States. Adults have a wingspan of 32–38 mm and exhibit dark, muted coloration typical of duskywing skippers. The species has multiple generations annually, with three broods in the deep south and two in northern portions of its range. Larvae feed on Fabaceae, including both woody and herbaceous members of this plant family.
Euchloe ausonides coloradensis
Large Marble
Euchloe ausonides coloradensis is a subspecies of the Large Marble butterfly, a member of the Pieridae family. This subspecies occurs in the northern Great Plains and Canadian prairie provinces. The Large Marble complex has experienced significant regional declines in parts of its range, particularly in California where related populations have undergone documented crashes attributed to climate change and other factors. Adults display distinctive marbled hindwing undersides that provide effective camouflage when perched.
Euchloe olympia
Olympia Marble
Euchloe olympia, the Olympia Marble, is a pierid butterfly native to central North America. It is distinguished from congeners by its distinctive phenotype and genotype, particularly in relation to E. guaymasensis. The species has been classified globally as G5/G4, indicating relative stability, though it faces threats from gypsy moth chemical control programs. A study in central Illinois documented consistent nectar source preferences: Lepidium virginicum for larvae and Nuttallanthus canadensis for adults.
Eucosma giganteana
Giant Eucosma Moth
Eucosma giganteana is a North American tortricid moth and specialist herbivore of Silphium species. It has emerged as a major pest threatening the domestication of Silphium integrifolium (silflower), a novel perennial oilseed crop. Adults are active in early to mid-summer, with larvae damaging flower heads and root crowns. Flight capacity studies show adults can travel 23 km in 24 hours, with peak flight activity in morning hours.
Euhyponomeutoides gracilariella
Euhyponomeutoides gracilariella is a small moth species in the family Yponomeutidae (ermine moths), described by August Busck in 1904. The species is known from limited collection records in the Canadian prairie provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. As with many small yponomeutid moths, detailed biological information remains sparse. The genus Euhyponomeutoides contains relatively few described species, most of which are poorly studied.
Eusama amanda
Eusama amanda is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae, first described by Ball in 1909. It belongs to the tribe Platymetopiini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The species is part of a genus whose members are associated with grassland and prairie habitats. Records indicate occurrence in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Eutrichapion huron
Eutrichapion huron is a small weevil species in the family Brentidae, formerly classified in Apionidae. It belongs to a genus of seed-feeding weevils associated with leguminous plants. The species was described by Fall in 1898 and is known from Canadian prairie provinces and Ontario.
Euxoa clausa
Euxoa clausa is a noctuid moth described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1923. It is restricted to the north-western Great Plains of North America, with a wingspan of approximately 33 mm. Adults are active in mid-summer, with one generation per year.
Euxoa infracta
Euxoa infracta is a species of cutworm moth in the family Noctuidae, described by Morrison in 1875. As a member of the genus Euxoa, it belongs to a group of noctuid moths whose larvae are known as cutworms, feeding on plant stems and roots. The species occurs in central and western Canada, with documented records from Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. Like related Euxoa species, the larvae likely exhibit nocturnal feeding behavior and may curl into a C-shape when disturbed.
Euxoa maimes
Euxoa maimes is a species of noctuid moth described by Smith in 1903. It belongs to the genus Euxoa, a diverse group of owlet moths commonly known as dart moths or cutworms. The species is documented from prairie regions of western Canada, with records from Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. Like other Euxoa species, it likely has a life cycle involving overwintering larvae and nocturnal adult activity, though specific biological details for this species remain poorly documented.
Euxoa niveilinea
white-veined dart
Euxoa niveilinea is a species of dart moth in the family Noctuidae, commonly known as the white-veined dart. It is native to North America, with records from Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan) and presumably the United States. Like other Euxoa species, it is a nocturnal moth whose larvae are cutworms—soil-dwelling caterpillars that feed on plant stems at or near ground level. The species is distinguished by white venation patterns on the wings, as suggested by its specific epithet (niveilinea = snow-white line).
Euxoa sinelinea
Gray-edged Dart
Euxoa sinelinea is a noctuid moth species described by Hardwick in 1965. As a member of the dart moth genus Euxoa, it shares the general characteristics of this large and diverse group of owlet moths. The species is documented from parts of western Canada, specifically Alberta and Manitoba. Like other Euxoa species, the larvae are likely cutworms—soil-dwelling caterpillars that feed at or below ground level on host plants.
Fitchiella
Fitchiella is a North American genus of planthoppers in the family Caliscelidae. The genus contains five described species, including the notably rare F. robertsonii, which has been the subject of recent intensive study. Most species remain poorly known biologically.
Flavoclypeus nigriscutellatus
Flavoclypeus nigriscutellatus is a species of planthopper in the family Delphacidae. The species was described by Beamer in 1947 and is known from a limited number of localities in the central United States and southern Canada. Like other delphacids, it is likely associated with grassland or wetland habitats where its host plants grow. The genus Flavoclypeus is small and poorly studied, with most species known from few specimens.
Flexamia huroni
Huron River Leafhopper
Flexamia huroni is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae, described by Bess & Hamilton in 1999. It belongs to the genus Flexamia, a group of leafhoppers known for their specialized host plant associations with grasses. The species is named after the Huron River in Michigan, where it was first collected. Like other members of the genus, it likely exhibits strong ecological dependence on specific grass host plants.
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lobal-biodiversity-information-facilityesbiodiversity-image-portalspanish-collectionstype-specimenlichenantarcticabernensisliyellowstoneFormica incerta
Uncertain Field Ant
Formica incerta is a common ant species of eastern North America, often the most abundant Formica in its range. It constructs underground nests with inconspicuous entrance holes and no surface mound. Workers forage diurnally for nectar and honeydew, and the species serves as the primary host for the slave-making ant Polyergus lucidus. First described by Carlo Emery in 1893, its specific epithet reflects historical taxonomic uncertainty and identification challenges.
Formica obscuripes
Western Thatching Ant
Formica obscuripes, the western thatching ant, is a North American mound-building ant known for constructing large thatched nests from plant materials. Colonies can contain up to 40,000 workers and demonstrate complex social organization including behavioral constancy in worker task performance. The species employs hybrid foraging strategies combining pheromone-marked columns with visual and path integration navigation. It maintains defensive mutualisms with aphids and exhibits aggressive territorial behavior including the use of formic acid against intruders and competing vegetation.
Habronattus cognatus
Habronattus cognatus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae, native to North America. Like other members of the genus Habronattus, males are known for elaborate courtship displays combining visual and acoustic signals. The genus is notable for having the third pair of legs modified for visual recognition by females during courtship. The species has been recorded from Alberta and Manitoba in Canada, with broader distribution across North America.
Habronattus forticulus
Habronattus forticulus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae, first described by Gertsch & Mulaik in 1936. It belongs to a large genus of small, ground-dwelling spiders known for elaborate courtship displays. The species occurs in the southwestern United States and Mexico, inhabiting prairie and open grassland habitats where it hunts actively using vision rather than building webs.
Haplorhynchites
head-clipping weevils, leaf and bud weevils
Haplorhynchites is a genus of leaf and bud weevils in the family Attelabidae, comprising ten recognized species. The genus is best known through Haplorhynchites aeneus, commonly called the sunflower head-clipping weevil, which exhibits a distinctive reproductive behavior where females girdle plant stems below the flower head to facilitate larval development. Members of this genus are associated with prairie ecosystems and sunflower plants, with most species described from North America.
Hemileuca griffini
Griffin's Sheepmoth, Canadian Fleabane Moth
Hemileuca griffini is a day-flying silk moth in the family Saturniidae, described by Tuskes in 1978. The species occurs in North America and is one of approximately 24 species in the genus Hemileuca, commonly known as buck moths or sheep moths. Like other members of its genus, it is likely characterized by striking coloration and urticating (stinging) caterpillars that feed on woody plants. The Hodges number for this species is 7740.
Hemileuca stonei
Stone's buckmoth, pangola-grass moth
Hemileuca stonei is a day-flying buck moth in the family Saturniidae, first described by Claude Lemaire in 1993. The species occurs in Central and North America and is one of approximately 24 Hemileuca species in North America. Like other members of its genus, it likely has urticating (stinging) caterpillars that feed on specific host plants. The species is relatively poorly documented compared to some congeners.
Hesperia metea
Cobweb Skipper
Hesperia metea, the cobweb skipper, is a small grassland butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It occurs across much of the eastern and central United States with a scattered, patchy distribution. The species has a single generation per year, with adults active in spring. Larvae feed on native prairie grasses, while adults visit low-growing flowers for nectar.
Hesperia pahaska
Pahaska Skipper
Hesperia pahaska, commonly known as the Pahaska skipper, is a grassland butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is distributed across a narrow longitudinal band in central North America, from Texas northward through the Great Plains to southern Canada. The species is univoltine, with adults active in early summer. Larvae feed on specific native grasses including blue grama and fluff grass.
Hesperotettix speciosus
Showy Grasshopper, Handsome Purple-striped Grasshopper, Western Green Grasshopper
Hesperotettix speciosus is a spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. The species is broadly distributed across the Great Plains of North America, with a notable disjunct population discovered in the Black Belt Prairie of Alabama representing a significant eastward range extension. It is characterized by bright purplish-red striping and relatively short wings that limit dispersal capability.
Hesperotettix viridis pratensis
Purple-striped Grasshopper
A subspecies of the snakeweed grasshopper, Hesperotettix viridis pratensis is a spurthroated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It occurs in grasslands and prairie habitats where its host plants grow. The subspecies is distinguished from the nominate form by geographic distribution and subtle morphological differences. It is one of several subspecies within the H. viridis complex.
Hippiscini
band-winged grasshoppers
Hippiscini is a tribe of band-winged grasshoppers within the subfamily Oedipodinae and family Acrididae. Members are characterized by their distinctive banded or patterned wings, which are often brightly colored and visible during flight. The tribe has a worldwide distribution, with many species inhabiting xeric, open habitats including grasslands, prairies, and weedy fields. Some species within this group have historically been considered important locust pests due to their potential for population outbreaks and gregarious behavior.
Hyalophora gloveri
Glover's silkmoth
Hyalophora gloveri is a large silkmoth in the family Saturniidae, first described by Strecker in 1872. The species occurs across western North America from the Rocky Mountains through the northern Great Plains and Canadian prairie provinces. Its taxonomic status remains debated; several authorities treat it as a subspecies of Hyalophora columbia. The species exhibits two recognized subspecies: H. g. gloveri and H. g. nokomis. Adults have a wingspan of approximately 100 mm.
Idaea rotundopennata
Idaea rotundopennata is a species of moth in the family Geometridae, first described by Packard in 1876 under the basionym Acidalia rotundopennata. It belongs to the large genus Idaea, commonly known as wave moths or carpet moths, which are characterized by their relatively small size and broad, often rounded wings. The species has been documented in the Canadian prairie provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan.
Ilnacora vittifrons
Ilnacora vittifrons is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae, described by Knight in 1963. It belongs to the genus Ilnacora, a group of mirid bugs found in North America. The species is recorded from the Great Plains region of the United States.
Ixodes kingi
Rotund Tick
Ixodes kingi is a hard tick species in the family Ixodidae, commonly known as the Rotund Tick. It is a three-host tick found in prairie and grassland habitats of western North America, where it parasitizes ground-dwelling mammals including prairie dogs, pocket gophers, and ground squirrels. The species exhibits notable size variation between populations east and west of the Rocky Mountains, with larger specimens found in Alberta and smaller specimens in British Columbia. It is an ectoparasite of wildlife but has been documented on domestic animals and humans.
Landryia impositella
Landryia impositella is a minute moth in the family Scythrididae, known from prairie and grassland habitats in western Canada and the northern United States. Adults are among the smallest Lepidoptera, with a body length of approximately 4–5 mm. The species was originally described in the genus Butalis before being transferred to Landryia. Like other members of this genus, it is associated with composite flowers, particularly those in the Asteraceae.
Landryia matutella
Landryia matutella is a minute moth in the family Scythrididae, a group commonly known as flower moths. The genus Landryia is distinguished by strikingly asymmetrical genitalia. Most species in this group remain undescribed despite being collected for decades, with only 4-6 described species per genus though dozens are known. This species has been recorded from Saskatchewan, Canada.
Lasioglossum olympiae
Olympia Sweat Bee
Lasioglossum olympiae is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae. It is a small, ground-nesting bee native to North America. Like other members of the genus Lasioglossum, it is a generalist pollinator that visits a variety of flowering plants. The species is part of the largest genus of bees, which includes over 1,700 species globally.
Lasioglossum quebecense
Quebec Sweat Bee
Lasioglossum quebecense is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae, native to North America. As a member of the genus Lasioglossum—one of the largest bee genera with over 1,700 species—it contributes to pollination services in its native range. The species was first described by Crawford in 1907. Like other sweat bees, it is attracted to human perspiration for moisture and salts.
Lepyronia gibbosa
hill-prairie spittlebug, great plains spittlebug
Lepyronia gibbosa is a species of spittlebug in the family Aphrophoridae. It is native to North America and commonly known as the hill-prairie spittlebug or great plains spittlebug. Like other spittlebugs, the nymphs produce a protective froth of bubbles from excreted plant sap and mucopolysaccharides, which conceals them from predators and desiccation. The species is associated with prairie and grassland habitats.
Linsleya convexa
Linsleya convexa is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, subgenus Linsleya. The species was described by LeConte in 1853 and is native to western North America. It belongs to a genus of moderate-sized meloids associated with grassland and prairie habitats. Like other members of the Epicautini tribe, it possesses chemical defenses derived from cantharidin.
Litaneutria minor
Agile Ground Mantis, Minor Ground Mantid, Lesser Ground Mantid
Litaneutria minor is a small ground-dwelling mantid native to arid and semi-arid regions of North America. Unlike typical ambush-hunting mantids, it pursues prey actively across open ground. Adults reach approximately 30 mm in length. Females are brachypterous (short-winged or wingless); males possess small wings but do not fly. The species is notable for high rates of sexual cannibalism during mating and is the only native mantid species in Canada.
Loxostegopsis polle
A small moth in the family Crambidae, described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1917. It inhabits short grass prairie ecosystems across western North America, with adults active in spring and early autumn. The species is recorded from seven U.S. states and one Canadian province.
Lycaena dione
grey copper, great copper
Lycaena dione, commonly known as the grey copper or great copper, is a butterfly species in the family Lycaenidae. First described by Samuel Hubbard Scudder in 1868, this species is distributed across central North America from southern Canada to Texas. Adults are active from mid-June through July or August, with a wingspan ranging from 24 to 38 mm. The species is sometimes treated as a subspecies of Lycaena xanthoides, reflecting ongoing taxonomic debate.
Lytta cyanipennis
Lytta cyanipennis is a blister beetle in the family Meloidae, native to the Canadian prairies and western North America. Adults form mixed aggregations with Lytta nuttalli near bodies of water during their mid-June to early July flight period. Like other Lytta species, it possesses chemical defenses including cantharidins that can cause skin blistering. The species develops in moist soil conditions, with females depositing large egg batches averaging approximately 390 eggs.
Megacyllene angulifera
Megacyllene angulifera is a longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) native to central North America, ranging from Alberta to Texas. Adults are typically observed in fall on flowers of Solidago (goldenrod). Larvae develop in root crowns of Dalea candida (Fabaceae). The species is closely related to M. comanchei, with which it may be confused, though the two differ in elytral coloration, host plant associations, and adult behavior.
Megatibicen
Great Cicadas
Megatibicen is a genus of North American cicadas established in 2016, comprising approximately 10 species previously classified under Tibicen, Neotibicen, Ameritibicen, and Gigatibicen. These are large-bodied cicadas commonly known as 'Great Cicadas,' with males producing distinctive calling songs using tymbal organs. The genus exhibits notable diversity in the south-central and southwestern United States, including a recently described endemic species from the Mescalero-Monahans shinnery sands.
Megatibicen dorsatus
Bush Cicada, Giant Grassland Cicada, Grand Western Cicada, Splendid Prairie Cicada
Megatibicen dorsatus, commonly known as the Bush Cicada or Giant Grassland Cicada, is a large, striking cicada species endemic to the tallgrass and shortgrass prairies of the central United States. Adults are among the largest North American cicadas, measuring approximately 57 mm in length, with distinctive white waxy markings on a dark body. Males produce loud, characteristic songs using internal tymbal organs to attract females. The species has an annual life cycle with staggered emergences, with adults active primarily from July through September. M. dorsatus is frequently found perched on low vegetation in open grassland habitats, where its contrasting coloration provides surprising cryptic protection. Adult males serve as hosts for the acoustically hunting sarcophagid parasitoid Emblemasoma erro.
Melanocanthon nigricornis
A small dung beetle species in the family Scarabaeidae, native to central North America. The species name "nigricornis" refers to its black antennae. It inhabits grassland and prairie ecosystems where it contributes to nutrient cycling through dung burial. The species has been documented across a broad swath of the central United States and extends into northern Mexico.
Melanoplus bivittatus
Two-striped grasshopper, Yellow-striped grasshopper
Melanoplus bivittatus, the two-striped grasshopper, is one of the largest and most economically significant grasshopper species in North America. It is a polyphagous mixed-feeder that prefers forbs over grasses but consumes both. The species is notable for its distinctive paired pale yellow stripes running along the dorsum from the eyes to the wing tips. It exhibits density-dependent morphological plasticity, with high-density populations developing longer wings and slimmer bodies more adapted to flight and migration.
Melinopterus consentaneus
Melinopterus consentaneus is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. The species was described by LeConte in 1850. It is currently treated as a synonym of Flaviellus consentaneus. Records indicate occurrence in prairie and grassland regions of central North America.
Memnonia panzeri
Memnonia panzeri is a species of leafhopper described by Hamilton in 2000. It belongs to the tribe Hecalini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae, a diverse group of grass-feeding leafhoppers. The species is known from the north-central United States and southern Canada. As with other members of its genus and tribe, it is presumed to be associated with grassland habitats.
Mermiria picta
lively mermiria
Mermiria picta, commonly known as the lively mermiria, is a species of slant-faced grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is distributed across Central America and North America, with records from the United States (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois) and northeastern Mexico. The species belongs to the subfamily Gomphocerinae and is one of several species in the genus Mermiria found in western North American grasslands.