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Melangyna arctica
Alder Halfband
Melangyna arctica is a Holarctic hoverfly species distributed across northern Europe, Asia, and North America. The species is strongly associated with coniferous and deciduous woodlands, where adults visit flowers of trees and herbs during spring. Larvae develop as predators on aphids in arboreal habitats.
hoverfly Syrphidae aphid-predator Holarctic woodland arboreal
Melangyna lasiophthalma
Hairy-eyed Halfband
Melangyna lasiophthalma is a Holarctic hoverfly species with a broad distribution across northern temperate regions. Adults are active in spring, visiting diverse flowering plants in wooded and semi-open habitats. The species is associated with deciduous and coniferous forests, riparian woodlands, and anthropogenic environments including gardens and orchards.
hoverfly Syrphidae Holarctic spring woodland pollinator
Mesopsocus immunis
woodland barklouse
Mesopsocus immunis is a barklouse species in the family Mesopsocidae, commonly known as the woodland barklouse. It occurs across Western Europe and Hungary, inhabiting woodland environments where it feeds on lichens, algae, and other organic material on tree bark. The species has been introduced to North America, with records from Canada.
barklouse psocid woodland epiphytic-feeder European-native introduced-species
Metriorrhynchomiris dislocatus
Wild Onion Mirid
Metriorrhynchomiris dislocatus is a mirid plant bug known for extreme color polymorphism, with at least fifteen documented color forms. Adults measure approximately 6.5 mm and are active primarily from April to July. The species is associated with woodland habitats in eastern North America, with documented associations to False Solomon's Seal and Wild Geranium.
color-polymorphism mirid plant-bug woodland flower-visitor North-America
Microchrysa flavicornis
green gem
Microchrysa flavicornis is a small European soldier fly in the family Stratiomyidae, commonly known as the green gem. Adults are active during summer months and are associated with woodland edges and hedgerows. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in coloration, with females displaying metallic green on the abdomen and frons. Larvae have been recorded from dung.
soldier-fly Stratiomyidae Europe summer woodland dung-associated
Microtomus luctuosus
Tamaulipan White-winged Assassin
Microtomus luctuosus is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae, native to the Americas. It belongs to the subfamily Hammacerinae, which includes species commonly known as bark assassin bugs. The species has been recorded across a broad geographic range spanning North, Central, and South America. Like other members of its genus, it is likely associated with woodland habitats and cryptic microhabitats such as beneath bark. The specific epithet 'luctuosus' (Latin for 'mournful' or 'sorrowful') may refer to its coloration.
assassin-bug Reduviidae Hemiptera predator bark-dwelling woodland New-World
Myas coracinus
woodland ground beetle
Myas coracinus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Thomas Say in 1923. It is classified within the genus Myas and occurs in woodland habitats across North America. Like other carabid beetles, it is a ground-dwelling predator. Specific details about its biology remain limited in published literature.
Carabidae ground-beetle North-America woodland Coleoptera Say-1923 Myas
Mydas fulvifrons
Mydas fulvifrons is a species of mydas fly (family Mydidae), a group of large, wasp-mimicking flies related to robber flies. The genus Mydas contains some of the largest flies in North America. Like other mydas flies, adults are presumed to be nectar feeders, while larvae are believed to be predators of woodboring beetle larvae. The specific epithet 'fulvifrons' refers to the tawny or yellowish-brown frontal region of the head.
Mydidae Diptera mimicry wasp-mimic large-fly woodland predator nectar-feeder
Nemapogon
Fungus moths
Nemapogon is a genus of small tineid moths in the subfamily Nemapogoninae, comprising approximately 69 described species as of 2007. Species occupy woodland habitats where larvae develop within bracket fungi on dead wood. Some species are attracted to light and may occasionally be captured in pheromone traps intended for clothes moths. The genus includes species with divergent feeding habits: most are fungivores, while at least one species (N. gersimovi) has been intercepted feeding on stored seeds and grains.
fungus-moth Tineidae woodland bracket-fungi detritivore stored-product-pest
Nemapogon clematella
Barred White Clothes Moth
Nemapogon clematella, commonly known as the barred white clothes moth, is a small moth in the family Tineidae. It occurs across most of Europe and parts of eastern North America, including Maryland and North Carolina. The species inhabits woodland environments. It belongs to a genus that includes several species associated with stored products and seed-feeding.
Tineidae clothes-moth woodland Europe North-America biosecurity-concern congeneric-with-agricultural-pest
Nemapogon cloacella
Cork Moth
A small fungus moth with wingspan 10–18 mm, characterized by irregularly mottled forewings in black, brown, white and grey. Larvae feed primarily on bracket fungi, particularly oak mazegill (Daedalea quercina) and birch polypore (Piptoporus betulinus), with plant debris consumed when fungal hosts are unavailable. Adults are crepuscular, active throughout summer, and typically encountered at dusk. Widespread across western Palearctic and North America, with preferred habitat in woodlands containing abundant dead trees.
fungus-moth bracket-fungi woodland crepuscular western-Palearctic dead-wood saprotrophic
Neotibicen canicularis
dog-day cicada, dog-day harvestfly, heatbug, Northern Dog-day Cicada
Neotibicen canicularis is an annual cicada species found across much of North America, commonly known as the dog-day cicada or dog-day harvestfly. Unlike periodical cicadas that emerge in synchronized broods every 13 or 17 years, this species appears every summer, though individuals require several years to develop underground. Adults are active during the hot midsummer period traditionally called the "dog days." The species has been documented as a host for multiple flesh fly parasitoids in the family Sarcophagidae, including several first-record associations.
cicada annual-cicada dog-day-cicada Hemiptera Cicadidae Neotibicen North-America parasitoid-host flesh-fly Sarcophagidae summer song tymbal nocturnal-emergence nymph root-feeder carrion Emblemasoma Helicobia Sarcophaga Ontario Québec Oklahoma prairie woodland entomology insect-photography Mr.-July ESA-calendar Keith-Kennedy Ted-MacRae Catherine-Dana John-Cooley Gene-Kritsky cicada-killer Sphecius-speciosus periodical-cicada-contrast climate-change-indicator soil-temperature-emergence brood-XIII brood-XIX Magicicada Megatibicen Neotibicen-auriferus Neotibicen-pruinosus Neotibicen-superbus Megatibicen-dorsatus Megatibicen-tremulus Megatibicen-dealbatus cicada-mapping Cicada-Safari citizen-science iNaturalist GBIF Catalogue-of-Life NCBI-Taxonomy late-summer August July Montréal Woodward-County Cimarron-County Major-County Beaver-County Alabaster-Caverns-State-Park Gloss-Mountain-State-Park Beaver-Dunes-Park Black-Mesa-State-Park shortgrass-prairie hackberry bumelia juniper canyon-woodland mesquite-chaparral sand-dune Helianthus-annuus Helianthus-petiolaris Prosopis-glandulosa Populus-deltoides Rhus-aromatica Asclepias-engelmannii Asclepias-latifolia Sideroxylon-lanuginosum Euphorbia-marginata jug-trap Lindgren-funnel ultraviolet-light mercury-vapor-light acoustic-communication predator-avoidance camouflage green-and-black-coloration cicada-killer-wasp parasitoid Emblemasoma-albicoma Emblemasoma-erro Helicobia-rapax Sarcophaga-sarracenioides Sarcophaga-utilis first-record new-host-association new-provincial-record nutrient-cycling carrion-resource food-web predator-prey aeration flagging tree-pruning climate-change earlier-emergence soil-temperature 64-Fahrenheit straggler-cicada brood-overlap Illinois Midwest Great-Plains eastern-forest annual-emergence synchronous-emergence mass-emergence brood-X brood-II brood-XIV brood-XXIII 17-year-cicada 13-year-cicada Magicicada-septendecim Magicicada-cassini Magicicada-septendecula Okanagana-rimosa Say's-cicada Tibicen Abricta Amphipsalta Arunta Austrotoma Ayuthia Baeturia Balinta Basa Brevisana Cacama Calyria Cicadatra Cicadetta Cicadivetta Cosmopsaltria Cyclochila Diceroprocta Dundubia Euterpnosia Fidicina Fidicinoides Gaeana Henicopsaltria Herrera Huechys Hyalessa Hylocicada Jassopsaltria Kikihia Lembeja Lemuriana Macrotristria Maoricicada Mogannia Muda Myerscicada Neopsaltria Notopsalta Okanagana Okanagodes Oligoglena Onoralna Oudeboschia Pacarina Paharia Palapsalta Pauropsalta Pictila Platypleura Pomponia Psaltoda Pterapsalta Quesada Quintilia Raiateana Saticula Semia Sonotympana Soudaniella Taipinga Tanna Terpnosia Tettigades Tettigetta Thopha Tibicina Tosena Tryella Uradolichos Venustria Xeropsalta Yezoterpnosia Zammara Zaphsa
Oncopsis
Oncopsis is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, subfamily Macropsinae. The genus is characterized by pronotal striations that run parallel to the hind margin. Species occur across the Holarctic region, with documented diversity in Europe, Asia, and North America. Many species exhibit strong host plant specificity, particularly for trees in the families Betulaceae and Corylaceae.
leafhopper woodland host-specific phloem-feeder Holarctic Betulaceae oviposition-behavior acoustic-communication
Ophiomyia osmorhizae
Ophiomyia osmorhizae is a recently described species of leaf-mining fly in the family Agromyzidae, first characterized in 2019. The species name references its association with plants in the genus Osmorhiza. As a member of the genus Ophiomyia, it likely produces linear or serpentine leaf mines in host plant foliage. The species is known from a limited number of observations, reflecting both its recent description and specialized host relationship.
leaf-miner Apiaceae woodland recently-described
Pacifastacus leniusculus
Signal Crayfish
The signal crayfish is a large North American freshwater crayfish introduced to Europe in the 1960s to replace declining native fisheries. It has become one of the most ecologically impactful invasive decapods in Europe, outcompeting native crayfish and serving as a carrier of crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci). The species establishes self-sustaining populations rapidly, with six age cohorts documented within a few years of introduction. It shows sex- and size-specific coloration patterns, with males displaying more saturated and brighter ventral claw surfaces than females, suggesting a role in intraspecific communication.
invasive-species crayfish-plague-carrier decapod freshwater-crustacean conservation-concern species-of-Union-concern early-detection-rapid-response ark-sites ecosystem-engineer bioaccumulation sexual-dimorphism nocturnal-activity invasion-gradient trapping electrofishing eradication Mediterranean-invasion headwater-threat native-crayfish-displacement fisheries-introduction 1960s-introduction Europe Japan California-native Pacifastacus Astacidae Decapoda Malacostraca Arthropoda Aphanomyces-astaci white-clawed-crayfish signal-crayfish control-planning removal-actions catch-per-unit-effort color-variation carotenoids camouflage conspicuousness intraspecific-communication elemental-accumulation contaminant trophic-level macroinvertebrate plant-detritus riffle stream river lake tributary invasion-front core-population exploratory-behavior migration-patterns ontogenetic-color-change kick-sampling detection-protocol false-negative Catalonia Italy Portugal Spain Poland Scandinavia British-Isles Segura-River Clitunno-River Valla-stream Rabaçal-River Fosso-Vecchio Union-concern LIFE-IMAGINE eradication-attempt biosecurity pathway-action-plans INNS-inspectorate environmental-DNA eDNA host-pathogen-dynamics conservation-translocation ark-site aggregates-levy environment-agency BBC-wildlife-fund defra habitats-directive favourable-conservation-status unfavourable-bad extinction-risk funding-cuts ecosystem-services keystone-species woodland pollination decomposition nutrient-cycling predation water-purification citizen-science ex-situ-conservation-rearing zoos aquaria Fen-Raft-Spider Pond-Mud-Snail Large-Marsh-Grasshopper Freshwater-Pearl-Mussel Marbled-White-Butterfly Small-Skipper climate-change assisted-colonization range-margin biotic-response abiotic-driver warming pollution eutrophication functional-trait thermal-limit embryogenesis competitive-advantage alien-aquatic-species artificial-light-at-night nutrient-enrichment brown-trout biological-control clearance-rate parasite-load sympatry global-invader predatory-interaction experimental-approach epiphytic-algae submerged-plant-community molecular-tools informatics social-media pooled-sampling integrative-taxonomy hybrid bryozoan cost-efficient-methodology policy-effectiveness legislative-tools LIFE-INVASAQUA networking prevention awareness marine-protected-area citizen-science-data non-native-freshwater-fish knowledge-gaps invasive-alien-freshwater-plants naturalised-plants aquatic-habitats pot-plants horticulture New-Guinea-flatworm Partula-tree-snails Lob-worm Lumbricus-terrestris Harlequin-ladybird Oak-processionary-moth New-Zealand-flatworm Australian-flatworm Lily-beetle Rosemary-leaf-beetle Spanish-slug Girdled-snail Australian-landhopper Light-brown-apple-moth Asian-hornet Argentine-ant Linepithema-humile Vespa-velutina ash-dieback Hymenoscyphus-fraxineus Floating-Pennywort Giant-Hogweed Chinese-Mitten-Crab Eriocheir-sinensis Ballast-Water-Convention Office-for-Environmental-Protection Environmental-Improvement-Plan Global-Biodiversity-Framework delisting listing rapid-response Great-Britain-Non-native-Species-Strategy Nature-2030 Wildlife-and-Countryside-Link Buglife invertebrate conservation reintroduction reinforcement assisted-colonisation habitat-management genetic-diversity donor-stock stakeholder-collaboration Natural-England eNGO landowner public-engagement media-attention tabloid sensationalism spider size-of-rats Marvellous-Mud-Snails-Cornwall Citizen-Zoo Hop-of-Hope volunteer ex-situ-rearing long-life-cycle glochidia salmonid-fish-host Freshwater-Biology-Association juvenile-mussel habitat-restoration micro-habitat Field-Cricket Wart-biter-Bush-cricket Barberry-Carpet-Moth Marsh-Fritillary-Butterfly Fisher's-Estuarine-Moth Southern-Damselfly White-faced-Darter-Dragonfly Pine-Hoverfly Dark-bordered-Beauty-Moth Medicinal-Leech Tadpole-Shrimp Netted-Carpet-Moth Ladybird-Spider Narrow-headed-Ant Cumbria Dorset Devon microhabitat low-mobility natural-colonization short-haired-bumblebee Bombus-subterraneus sub-optimal-management Barberry-bush Paul-Waring Benoit-Guénard conservation-funding vertebrate-bias invertebrate-neglect beaver Castor-fiber pine-marten Martes-martes bird-of-prey Large-Blue-Butterfly Phengaris-arion Chequered-Skipper Carterocephalus-palaemon mainland-Europe national-reintroduction local-reintroduction donor-population receptor-site county 400-m isolated-habitat England-Species-Reintroduction-Task-Force Karim-Vahed half-a-century diverse-species logistically-easier guidelines code government habitat-conditions site-conditions targeted-habitat-management mobility recovery unsuccessful-case lack-of-genetic-diversity optimal-management establishment-failure care knowledge funding-allocation PNAS threatened-species 80%6%species-numbers imbalance legislation wild-release high-profile main-image Decticus-verrucivorus Dr-Sarah-Henshall share Facebook LinkedIn Trinity-Audio tweet NEOBIOTA-2024 Lisbon 421-participants 47-countries invasion-science aquatic-studies marine freshwater oral-session poster workshop NeoBiota-Special-Issue editorial Pedro-Anastácio Filipe-Ribeiro Paula-Chainho 23-papers five-themes 100th-issue ZooKeys digital-taxonomy environmental-stressor invasion-success salinity sea-level-rise Alternanthera-philoxeroides stress-tolerance avoidance escape Gonçalves physiological-performance Callinectes-sapidus climate-warming Phymactis-papillosa environmental-tolerance ecological-impact Portuguese-intertidal synergistic-effect Zhang ecological-interaction invasion-impact population-dynamics Salmo-trutta Matos bivalve capture-efficiency natural-seston Cabral Eupercaria Tkachenko global-aquatic-invader Reshetnikov Pontederia-crassipes Pistia-stratiotes Shen detection monitoring surveillance early-detection Dias Xenopus-laevis pooled-eDNA Everts Squalius Gkenas Chilean-SE-Pacific Rech management policy legislative-tool EU-policy sectoral-impact Magliozzi freshwater-turtle Rato Carosi habitat-use trapping-efficiency hypersaline-lagoon Herrero-Reyes Iberian-Peninsula López-Cañizares African-marine-protected-area global-database Ackland Indian-freshwater-fish evidence-gap Kumar European-freshwater-plant ecosystem-impact Di-Lernia global-synthesis naturalised-plant aquatic-habitat Kortz interdisciplinarity translational-relevance issue-4930 Bluesky scholarly-publishing ecology invasion-ecology aquatic-ecosystem flatworm snail gang-attack extinction pot-plant soil-sterilization fumigation hot-water-immersion biosecurity-measure international-trade Hirudo-medicinalis Neil-Phillips Steven-Falk Sarah-Henshall omphiscola-glabra Cornwall Scotland Blera-fallax Epione-vespertaria Triops-cancriformis Eustroma-reticulatum Eresus-sandaliatus Formica-exsecta Gryllus-campestris Decticus-verrucivorous Pareulype-berberata Euphydryas-aurinia Margaritifera-margaritifera Gortyna-borelii-lunata Dolomedes-plantarius Coenagrion-mercuriale Leucorrhinia-dubia Stethophyma-grossum Melanargia-galathea Thymelicus-sylvestris Formica-rufa Kielder-Forest Northumberland Liz-Oldring Stephen-Wills Durham-University climate-suitability limited-funding biased-funding vertebrate nature-positive-trade 2024-General-Election Manifesto-for-Bugs seven-actions commitments halting-nature-loss reversing-invertebrate-decline Andrew-Whitehouse South-West-Manager Lord-De-Mauley wildlife-minister mineral-extraction Treasury George-Entwistle 50%-cut badger-cull river-dredging £100K £12.75 £420 £1,616 2012 2014 21-projects 2-projects reporting Bedstraw-hawk-moth national-pride leadership David-Smith Social-Change-and-Advocacy-Officer Lisa-Manning Policy-and-Engagement-Officer February-2024 GB-Non-Native-Species-Strategy one-year-anniversary measurability timeline off-track 2030 time-lag establishment Red-Imported-Fire-Ant Solenopsis-invicta world's-worst-invasive-species PaPs draft-form consultation-delay 2023-State-of-Nature-Report Environmental-Audit-Committee £6-million animal-health plant-health resourcing long-term-future slipped-timelines inefficient-process fully-resourced-implementation-plans general-election manifesto smallest-creatures foundations healthy-environment ecosystem-function nature's-decline action commitment England-Manager deliberate-movement release wild conservation-purpose feathered furred multitude large-scale 1980s 1990s 2018 England small-size small-scale region 2005 2007 2008 2010-2015 2009 2010 2019 2022 2023 isolated high-reproductive-potential cost-effective zoo aquarium collaboration ten-different-zoos thousands spiderlings four-new-populations Norfolk Suffolk media-response 2024 headline homeowner urgent-warning relatively-easy-to-rear local-schools colleges volunteers small-aquaria 500-snails four-new-sites 6,000 47-volunteers long-complex-life-cycle long-lived many-years 50,000 specialised-facilities hundreds juvenile-mussels ageing-populations Northern-England natural-range conservation-status 2000 climatically-suitable nine-years pest-species Forestry-England Wood-Ant keystone-woodland-species rescue immediate-danger Austropotamobius-pallipes North-American-Signal-Crayfish Pacifastacus-leniusculus outcompetes fungal Crayfish-Plague susceptible successful-reintroduction rigorous-planning appropriate-guidelines reintroduction-code natural-habitat restoration micro-habitat-requirements life-cycle-stage conservation-tool-kit targeted-habitat-restoration mobile-species species-specialist public 2010s 2004 thousands-of-caterpillars multiple-attempts public-attention vertebrate-relative 2025 opposite-pattern celebration
Packardia elegans
Elegant Tailed Slug Moth
Packardia elegans is a small moth species in the family Limacodidae, commonly known as the elegant tailed slug moth. It occurs in eastern North American woodlands and forests, with a range extending from Quebec and Maine south to Georgia and west to Missouri. The species has a forewing length of 10–12 mm. Larvae feed on woody plants including beech, cherry, and oak. Two subspecies are recognized: P. e. elegans and P. e. fusca.
Limacodidae slug-caterpillar eastern-North-America woodland beech cherry oak
Panorpa anomala
common scorpionfly
Panorpa anomala is a species of scorpionfly in the family Panorpidae, first described by Carpenter in 1931. It occurs in North America, where it inhabits moist wooded environments. As a member of the genus Panorpa, it shares the characteristic elongated rostrum and upturned male genitalia that give scorpionflies their common name.
scorpionfly Mecoptera North-America woodland moist-habitat
Papilio eurymedon
Pale Swallowtail, Pallid Swallowtail
Papilio eurymedon, commonly known as the pale swallowtail or pallid swallowtail, is a swallowtail butterfly native to western North America. It is distinguished from the western tiger swallowtail by its white-cream to very pale yellow coloration. The species exhibits single-brooded development across most of its range, with multiple broods along the Pacific Coast. Adults are active from April through October, with peak abundance in May and July.
butterfly swallowtail western-North-America puddling woodland
Parcoblatta notha
Arizona Wood Cockroach
Parcoblatta notha is a large, pale-colored wood cockroach endemic to Arizona. It is one of twelve species in the genus Parcoblatta. Males possess fully developed wings and are capable of flight, while females have reduced wings approximately half as long and cannot fly. The species is occasionally found in homes near wooded areas, where it may become a minor nuisance.
endemic sexual-dimorphism flight-dimorphism woodland occasional-domestic
Parcoblatta pennsylvanica
Pennsylvania Wood Cockroach, Pennsylvanian cockroach
Parcoblatta pennsylvanica, commonly known as the Pennsylvania wood cockroach, is a native North American cockroach species found in eastern and central regions of the continent. Unlike many cockroach pests, this species is primarily associated with outdoor woodland habitats and is not considered a significant household pest. The species is notable as a favored host for the parasitoid wasp Ampulex canaliculata, which uses it as prey for its larvae. Adults are attracted to light and may occasionally enter structures, but do not establish indoor populations.
woodland native decomposer parasitoid-host non-pest
Parcoblatta virginica
Virginia wood cockroach
Parcoblatta virginica, the Virginia wood cockroach, is a small woodland cockroach species measuring approximately 10 mm as an adult. It is native to deciduous forest habitats in eastern North America, where it inhabits leaf litter and decaying wood. The species exhibits strong sexual dimorphism in wing development and coloration. Unlike many cockroach species, it is not a household pest and cannot survive indoors due to low humidity requirements.
woodland decomposer sexual-dimorphism non-pest forest-floor parasitoid-host
Pentodontini
rhinoceros beetles
Pentodontini is the most diverse tribe within the subfamily Dynastinae (rhinoceros beetles), containing over 100 genera distributed across multiple biogeographic regions. Most genera are restricted to a single biogeographic region. The tribe is characterized by substantial morphological diversity, with generic-level identification often relying on mouthpart morphology in females and secondary sexual characters (horns, claw modifications, antennal club length) in males.
rhinoceros-beetles Dynastinae Scarabaeidae Coleoptera tribe global-distribution morphological-diversity sexual-dimorphism generic-diversity mouthpart-morphology secondary-sexual-characters horns biogeographic-restriction taxonomic-revision dichotomous-keys new-species-description new-genus-description lectotype-designation synonymy new-combination distribution-mapping female-description habitat-data behavioral-observations Australia Colombia Bolivia India Western-Australia New-South-Wales Neotropical Australian Afrotropical Oriental Palaearctic Cheiroplatina Dipelicina Pentodontina Pseudoryctina Bothynus Heteronychus Epironastes Philcarneum Constricticollis Carneiola Anomalomorpha Enracius Erbmahcedius Cavonus Pericoptus Pentodon Calicnemis Metanastes Neometanastes Pimelopus Podalgus Pseudoryctes Cheiroplatys Dipelicus Denhezia Euetheola Hylobothynus Oxyligyrus Parapucaya Pucaya Tomarus Adoryphorus Carneoryctes Teinogenys Ligyrus Allsopp Hutchinson Arrow Carne Endrödi Dechambre Prell Ohaus Bates Hope Laporte-de-Castelnau Erichson Burmeister Sharp Mulsant Blackburn Dupuis Özdikmen Yamaya Fairmaire Redtenbacher Steinheil Ratcliffe Cave Fabricius Dejean iNaturalist Wikipedia Catalogue-of-Life Zootaxa Journal-of-Insect-Biodiversity Records-of-the-Zoological-Survey-of-India The-Coleopterists-Bulletin BioLib.cz Wikimedia-Commons DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.1 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.2 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.3.2 10.26515/rzsi/v125/i2s/2025/172964 10.11646/zootaxa.5716.4.7 10.11646/zootaxa.5072.5.2 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.3 10.12976/jib/2024.54.2.2 10.1649/1186.1 new-synonymy lectotype distribution-map habitat-description key-to-species key-to-genera male-genitalia external-morphology aedeagus habitus photographs illustrations specimen-records natural-history biogeography endemic restricted-distribution coastal southwestern southeastern northern Arani Cochabamba Kununurra Menzies New-Zealand South-America first-record misidentification erroneous-record invisible-taxon formal-nomenclature cephalic-horns thoracic-horns claw-modification antennal-club mouthparts mandibles maxillae labium clypeus pronotum elytra pygidium tarsi metatarsi tibiae femora prosternal-process mesosternal-process metasternal-process abdominal-sternites parameres phallobase internal-sac spermatheca ovipositor larva pupa adult instar third-instar C-shaped scarabaeiform soil-dwelling nocturnal crepuscular flight aggregation mating oviposition feeding root-feeding detritivory saprophagy herbivory frugivory pollen-feeding nectar-feeding decay decomposition nutrient-cycling soil-aeration pest agricultural-pest pasture-pest sugarcane-pest root-damage turf-damage biological-control indicator-species conservation biodiversity endemism cryptic-species species-complex morphological-variation geometric-morphometrics phylogenetics molecular-systematics DNA-barcoding COI 16S 28S 18S ITS biogeographic-region biogeographic-realm Neotropics Afrotropics Australasia Indomalaya Palearctic Nearctic Madagascar oceanic-islands continental insular montane lowland tropical subtropical temperate arid semi-arid humid rainforest savanna grassland woodland forest coastal-dune riparian wetland agricultural pasture plantation urban disturbed primary-habitat secondary-habitat seasonal-activity rainy-season dry-season monsoon altitude elevation latitude longitude geographic-range range-extension range-contraction disjunct-distribution vicariance dispersal colonization invasion introduced native cosmopolitan widespread restricted rare common abundant scarce data-deficient IUCN CITES protected threatened vulnerable endangered critically-endangered extinct fossil subfossil quaternary holocene pleistocene museum-specimen collection voucher type-specimen holotype paratype syntype paralectotype neotype topotype original-description redescription diagnosis emended-diagnosis key dichotomous-key illustrated-key interactive-key digital-key mobile-app online-database GBIF BOLD GenBank MorphBank ZooBank LSID ORCID open-access paywall supplementary-material supporting-information data-availability code-availability ethical-statement conflict-of-interest funding acknowledgments author-contribution peer-review editorial-process publication-date journal volume issue pages article-number ISSN eISSN ISBN publisher academic-press scientific-press society association institution university museum herbarium archive repository database index catalogue checklist inventory monograph revision review synthesis meta-analysis systematic-review rapid-assessment long-term-study field-work laboratory-work molecular-work morphological-work anatomical-work histological-work developmental-work behavioral-work ecological-work physiological-work biochemical-work genetic-work genomic-work transcriptomic-work proteomic-work metabolomic-work imaging photography microscopy electron-microscopy scanning-electron-microscopy SEM transmission-electron-microscopy TEM confocal-microscopy light-microscopy stereomicroscopy macrophotography stacked-photography 3D-imaging micro-CT CT-scanning MRI NMR spectroscopy spectrometry chromatography electrophoresis sequencing Sanger-sequencing next-generation-sequencing NGS Illumina PacBio Oxford-Nanopore Sanger capillary-electrophoresis DNA-extraction PCR amplification primer marker gene locus alignment phylogeny tree network haplotype haplogroup population-genetics population-structure gene-flow genetic-diversity heterozygosity inbreeding effective-population-size demography coalescent divergence-time molecular-clock calibration fossil-calibration biogeographic-calibration ecological-niche-modeling ENM species-distribution-modeling SDM maxent bioclim worldclim chelsa remote-sensing GIS GPS georeferencing geocoding coordinate datum projection map cartography spatial-analysis temporal-analysis statistical-analysis R Python MATLAB SAS SPSS Excel software algorithm workflow pipeline automation machine-learning artificial-intelligence deep-learning neural-network computer-vision image-recognition natural-language-processing NLP text-mining data-mining big-data open-science FAIR findable accessible interoperable reusable metadata provenance version-control Git GitHub GitLab Bitbucket backup preservation curation stewardship sustainability long-term future legacy impact citation h-index altmetric journal-impact-factor green-OA gold-OA hybrid APC preprint postprint author-manuscript accepted-manuscript published-version version-of-record embargo licensing copyright creative-commons CC-BY CC-BY-SA CC-BY-NC CC-BY-NC-SA CC-BY-ND CC-BY-NC-ND CC0 public-domain patent trademark trade-secret intellectual-property IP ethics biosafety biosecurity animal-welfare animal-ethics research-ethics field-ethics indigenous-knowledge traditional-knowledge local-knowledge community-engagement stakeholder partnership collaboration capacity-building training education outreach communication science-communication public-engagement citizen-science 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morphological meristic morphometric allometric ontogenetic developmental life-history reproductive behavioral ecological physiological biochemical genetic genomic evolutionary phylogenetic phylogeographic biogeographic historical paleontological archaeological geological climatological environmental applied economic medical veterinary forestry horticultural industrial pollution climate-change global-warming habitat-loss fragmentation deforestation agricultural-intensification urbanization invasive-species pathogen parasite predator competition mutualism symbiosis commensalism amensalism neutralism facilitation inhibition trophic-cascade food-web food-chain energy-flow ecosystem-function ecosystem-service provisioning regulating supporting cultural alpha-diversity beta-diversity gamma-diversity species-richness species-evenness species-abundance rarefaction extrapolation asymptotic non-asymptotic sample sampling survey monitoring assessment evaluation indicator bioindicator flagship umbrella keystone ecosystem-engineer foundation-species dominant subordinate frequent occasional accidental vagrant migrant resident breeding non-breeding wintering summering migration nomadism irruption establishment naturalization spreading range-expansion range-shift extirpation extinction local-extinction global-extinction functional-extinction ecological-extinction pseudextinction Lazarus-taxon Elvis-taxon zombie-taxon living-fossil relict indigenous autochthonous allochthonous exotic alien invasive naturalized casual escaped cultivated ornamental pet food medicine fiber fuel timber fodder pollinator pest-control seed-dispersal soil-formation erosion-control water-purification air-purification carbon-sequestration climate-regulation disease-regulation pest-regulation flood-regulation storm-protection recreation tourism aesthetic spiritual cultural-heritage research inspiration existence-value option-value bequest-value intrinsic-value anthropocentric biocentric ecocentric utilitarian instrumental relational intrinsic inherent absolute conditional responsibility care respect reverence wonder curiosity knowledge understanding wisdom science natural-philosophy biology zoology entomology coleopterology scarabaeology dynastinology systematics taxonomy nomenclature classification evolution ecology behavior paleontology conservation-biology environmental-science agricultural-science forestry-science veterinary-science medical-science public-health one-health planetary-health ecosystem-health biodiversity-health species-health population-health individual-health genetic-health environmental-health social-health economic-health political-health cultural-health spiritual-health holistic-health integrated-health sustainable-development sustainable-use sustainable-management adaptive-management precautionary-principle ecosystem-approach landscape-approach seascape-approach connectivity-conservation corridor buffer-zone protected-area national-park nature-reserve wildlife-refuge wilderness-area world-heritage-site biosphere-reserve Ramsar-site Important-Bird-Area Key-Biodiversity-Area Alliance-for-Zero-Extinction-site conservation-priority hotspot crisis-ecoregion global-200 last-of-the-wild human-footprint cumulative-impact threat-index vulnerability-index adaptive-capacity exposure sensitivity resilience resistance recovery restoration rehabilitation reintroduction translocation ex-situ in-situ captive-breeding botanic-garden zoo gene-bank seed-bank tissue-bank sperm-bank oocyte-bank embryo-bank DNA-bank frozen-zoo ark insurance safety-net de-extinction genetic-rescue genetic-restoration genetic-augmentation genetic-management population-management metapopulation source-sink patch matrix landscape seascape ecosystem biome ecoregion province zone region district site locality habitat microhabitat niche ecological-niche fundamental-niche realized-niche trophic-niche spatial-niche temporal-niche biotic-niche abiotic-niche multidimensional-niche n-dimensional-niche Hutchinsonian-niche Grinnellian-niche Eltonian-niche resource requirement limitation stress disturbance perturbation fluctuation variability heterogeneity complexity diversity redundancy stability persistence adaptation acclimation plasticity evolvability heritability selection drift flow mutation recombination speciation coalescence divergence convergence parallelism homoplasy analogy homology synapomorphy symplesiomorphy autapomorphy apomorphy plesiomorphy derived ancestral primitive advanced basal crown stem node branch clade grade subfamily family superfamily infraorder suborder order superorder infraclass subclass class superclass subphylum phylum superphylum kingdom domain life organism individual etc.
Phalacrocera
Phalacrocera is a genus of crane flies in the family Cylindrotomidae, subfamily Cylindrotominae. The genus contains 11 described species, including the widespread P. replicata. Larvae are specialized feeders on mosses, while adults inhabit damp wooded environments. Most species have restricted geographic ranges, though P. replicata occurs across northern regions of North America, Europe, and Asia.
crane-fly cylindrotomid moss-feeder woodland
Phalaenostola eumelusalis
Dark Phalaenostola Moth, Punctuated Owlet
Phalaenostola eumelusalis is a noctuid moth in the subfamily Herminiinae, commonly known as the Dark Phalaenostola Moth or Punctuated Owlet. It occurs across eastern and central North America, ranging from southern Canada through the northeastern and north-central United States. The species is moderately well-documented with over 2,000 observations, suggesting it is relatively common within its range. Adults are nocturnal and attracted to light.
nocturnal woodland detritivore North-America
Pheidole dentigula
Woodland Big-headed Ant
Pheidole dentigula is a species of big-headed ant in the genus Pheidole, first described by Smith in 1927. As with other members of this hyperdiverse genus, it exhibits a dimorphic worker caste system with minor workers and major soldiers. The species is native to North America and has been documented in woodland habitats.
ant big-headed-ant native woodland North-America myrmicine dimorphic-workers
Phyllotreta bipustulata
woodland flea beetle
Phyllotreta bipustulata, commonly known as the woodland flea beetle, is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is native to North America and has been recorded in Canadian provinces including Manitoba, Ontario, and Québec. As a member of the flea beetle group, it possesses enlarged hind femora adapted for jumping. The species is part of a genus containing several economically significant agricultural pests, though specific details about this particular species' ecology remain limited.
Coleoptera Chrysomelidae flea-beetle North-America woodland
Pisenus humeralis
Pisenus humeralis is a species of polypore fungus beetle in the family Tetratomidae, originally described as Cryptophagus humeralis by Kirby in 1837. It is one of approximately 20 described species in the genus Pisenus, which are specialized associates of polypore fungi. The species is documented from eastern North America, with records from Canada (New Brunswick, Ontario, Québec) and the United States.
polypore-fungus-beetle mycophagous woodland decomposer eastern-North-America
Platypezidae
Flat-footed Flies
Platypezidae is a family of small true flies (Diptera) comprising over 250 species worldwide. Adults are commonly known as flat-footed flies due to their characteristically modified tarsal segments, particularly in males. The family is primarily associated with woodland habitats where larvae develop as fungivores. Adults exhibit distinctive swarming behavior for mating and are frequently observed performing rapid, erratic movements on vegetation. The family was formerly broader in circumscription, with Opetiidae and some genera now placed in Atelestidae removed based on phylogenetic evidence.
Diptera Platypezoidea fungivore woodland swarming-behavior sexual-dimorphism Holarctic Palaearctic Nearctic xylobiont cave-dwelling conservation-significance
Poecilus lucublandus
Woodland Ground Beetle
Poecilus lucublandus is a species of woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae, native to North America. It is one of several Poecilus species found in woodland and forested habitats. The species has been documented in studies examining the effects of agricultural practices on beneficial ground beetle populations, where it serves as a useful indicator of environmental disturbance. Two subspecies are recognized: P. l. lucublandus and P. l. manhattanis.
carabidae ground-beetle woodland north-america bioindicator
Poemenia
Poemenia is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Poemeniinae. The genus comprises ectoparasitoids that attack small xylophilous bees (Apoidea) nesting in tunnels or cavities. Larval morphology indicates an ectoparasitoid lifestyle, with the mature larva of Poemenia albipes being the first described for the genus.
parasitoid ectoparasitoid bee-parasite woodland cavity-nester Ichneumonidae Poemeniinae xylophilous-hosts
Polyporivora
flat-footed flies
Polyporivora is a genus of flat-footed flies (Platypezidae) comprising approximately eight described species. The genus is distinguished by its obligate association with polypore fungi, where larvae develop within host fruiting bodies. Species occur primarily in the Holarctic region, with documented records from Europe, including recent rediscoveries in Central and Southern Europe. The genus was established by Kessel & Maggioncalda in 1968.
Diptera Platypezidae polypore-fungi mycophagous Holarctic forest woodland decomposer
Polytribax
Polytribax is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Cryptinae containing approximately 15 described species. Members are parasitoids of Lepidoptera pupae, with females adapted for ground-level foraging in leaf litter and soil. The genus exhibits strong sexual dimorphism, particularly pronounced in Polytribax perspicillator. Species are distributed across the Western Palaearctic with records extending to the Oriental and Nearctic realms.
ichneumonidae cryptinae parasitoid sexual-dimorphism ground-foraging leaf-litter lepidoptera-parasitoid western-palaearctic woodland genome-sequenced
Psyrassa
Psyrassa is a genus of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) in the tribe Elaphidiini. Species in this genus are small to medium-sized cerambycids with elongated bodies. The genus was established by Francis Pascoe in 1866 and is distributed in the Americas. Members are attracted to fermented bait traps, suggesting adult feeding on sugary or fermenting substances.
Cerambycidae Elaphidiini longhorn-beetles bait-trap nocturnal woodland
Ptenothrix maculosa
Ptenothrix maculosa is a globular springtail in the family Dicyrtomidae, native to the temperate west coast of North America from Alaska to California. First described by Swedish entomologist Henrik Schött in 1891, this species exhibits extreme color polymorphism, leading to decades of misidentification and the synonymization of several conjectured undescribed species. Definitive identification requires microscopic examination of setal arrangements on the abdomen and furca. It serves as a decomposer in woodland ecosystems and has become a focal species for citizen science monitoring through photo-based identification.
springtail globular-springtail decomposer woodland variable-coloration citizen-science microscopic-identification west-coast North-America
Pterostichus adoxus
Pterostichus adoxus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, commonly referred to as a woodland ground beetle. It is distributed across North America, with records from Canada and the United States. The larvae are predatory, consistent with the general feeding ecology of many carabid beetles. The species was described by Thomas Broun in 1908.
Carabidae ground-beetle woodland predator North-America
Pterostichus agonus
Pterostichus agonus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by G.H. Horn in 1880. The species exhibits a Holarctic distribution, occurring across Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. Two subspecies are recognized: P. a. agonus and P. a. averenskii. As a member of the genus Pterostichus, it belongs to a diverse group of woodland ground beetles characterized by their elongated body form and predatory habits.
Carabidae Pterostichus ground-beetle Holarctic woodland
Pterostichus amethystinus
Pterostichus amethystinus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, first described by Mannerheim in 1843. It belongs to the large genus Pterostichus, a diverse group of predatory beetles commonly known as woodland ground beetles. The species is distributed across northern North America including Alaska, Canada, and the contiguous United States. As with other members of its genus, it is likely a nocturnal predator inhabiting forest floor habitats, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in published literature.
Carabidae ground-beetle woodland North-America Adephaga
Pterostichus angustus
woodland ground beetle
Pterostichus angustus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, native to North America. It is classified as a woodland ground beetle, indicating association with forested habitats. The species was originally described by Dejean in 1828 under the basionym Feronia angusta. Like other members of the genus Pterostichus, it is likely a nocturnal, predatory beetle, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented.
ground-beetle Carabidae North-America woodland Coleoptera predatory-beetle
Pterostichus atratus
Pterostichus atratus is a woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae. The species is sometimes classified in the genus Abacidus rather than Pterostichus, reflecting ongoing taxonomic uncertainty. It occurs in North America, with records from the United States and Canada. As a member of Carabidae, it is presumed to be a ground-dwelling, predatory beetle typical of forest habitats.
Carabidae ground-beetle woodland North-America taxonomic-uncertainty
Pterostichus barri
Pterostichus barri is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Bousquet in 2006. It belongs to a large genus of woodland ground beetles found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. The species is known from North America, though detailed information about its biology and ecology remains limited.
ground-beetle Carabidae woodland North-America recently-described
Pterostichus barryorum
woodland ground beetle
Pterostichus barryorum is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Ball in 1962. It is one of many species within the large genus Pterostichus, which comprises numerous woodland-dwelling carabid beetles found across North America. The species is recorded from Alaska, Canada, and the United States.
Carabidae Coleoptera ground-beetle North-America Alaska woodland
Pterostichus caribou
Pterostichus caribou is a species of woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Ball in 1962. It belongs to the large genus Pterostichus, which contains numerous ground beetle species distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. The species is recorded from North America and inhabits woodland environments. Like other members of its genus, it is likely a predatory beetle active on the ground surface.
Carabidae ground-beetle woodland North-America Coleoptera
Pterostichus caudicalis
Pterostichus caudicalis is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Thomas Say in 1823. It is classified as a woodland ground beetle and occurs in North America, with distribution records from Canada and the United States. Like other members of the genus Pterostichus, it is a predatory beetle that inhabits forest floor environments. The species is part of the diverse Pterostichinae subfamily, which contains numerous ground-dwelling carabid beetles.
Carabidae ground-beetle woodland North-America predatory-beetle forest-floor Say-1823 Pterostichinae Pterostichus Coleoptera beetle insect arthropod
Pterostichus circulosus
woodland ground beetle
Pterostichus circulosus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Lindroth in 1966. It belongs to the large genus Pterostichus, which comprises numerous woodland-dwelling carabid beetles. The species is known from North America, with records from Alaska, Canada, and the United States. Like other members of its genus, it likely inhabits forest floor habitats where it functions as a generalist predator.
Carabidae ground-beetle woodland North-America predator forest-floor
Pterostichus commutabilis
Pterostichus commutabilis is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, native to North America. First described by Motschulsky in 1866 under the basionym Loxandrus commutabilis, this beetle is classified as a woodland ground beetle. The species is known from distribution records in Canada and the United States.
ground-beetle woodland Carabidae North-America
Pterostichus congestus
woodland ground beetle
Pterostichus congestus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America, particularly in Alaska and the northern United States. Like other members of the genus Pterostichus, it is a ground-dwelling beetle adapted to woodland habitats. The species was described by Ménétriés in 1843.
ground-beetle Carabidae North-America Alaska woodland
Pterostichus costatus
Pterostichus costatus is a woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It occurs across a broad holarctic distribution spanning Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America. The species inhabits forested environments and is part of a large genus of ground beetles characterized by relatively robust body forms.
Carabidae ground-beetle woodland holarctic Pterostichus forest-beetle Coleoptera Adephaga
Pterostichus crenicollis
Pterostichus crenicollis is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by LeConte in 1873. It belongs to the large genus Pterostichus, one of the most diverse genera within the carabid subfamily Pterostichinae. The species is documented from North America, with records from Alaska, Canada, and the United States. Like other members of its genus, it is presumed to be a ground-dwelling predator inhabiting woodland environments.
Carabidae ground-beetle North-America woodland LeConte-1873
Pterostichus diligendus
Pterostichus diligendus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Chaudoir in 1868. It belongs to the large genus Pterostichus, which contains numerous woodland-dwelling species. The species is documented from North America, with records from Canada and the United States. Like other members of its genus, it is likely a predatory beetle associated with forest floor habitats.
Carabidae Pterostichus ground-beetle North-America woodland
Pterostichus ebeninus
woodland ground beetle
Pterostichus ebeninus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae, described by Dejean in 1828. It is classified as a woodland ground beetle and is found in North America, specifically in Canada and the United States. The species belongs to the large genus Pterostichus, which contains numerous similar-looking ground beetle species that require careful examination for identification. Information on its specific biology and ecology remains limited.
Carabidae ground-beetle woodland North-America Coleoptera Adephaga Pterostichus forest-beetle canada united-states