Flat-footed Flies
Platypezidae
Classification
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Subphylum: Hexapoda
- Class: Insecta
- Order: Diptera
- Superfamily: Platypezoidea
- Family: Platypezidae
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Platypezidae: //ˌplætəˈpɛzɪˌdiː//
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
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Summary
Platypezidae, or flat-footed flies, are a diverse family of true flies known for their association with damp woodland habitats and fungi. With nearly 300 species, they display sexual dimorphism in coloration and have unique biological behaviors tied to their ecological roles as fungivores.
Physical Characteristics
Platypezidae are minute to medium sized flies (1.5–6 mm), slender or robust, often with males having all black coloration. Some may also show grey or yellow coloration, with markings in orange, grey, or silver. The males have holoptic eyes, and the legs are short and robust. The first tarsal segment is often swollen in males and more slender in females. The larva typically has a poorly differentiated head, amphipneustic with flattened form. Most species bear marginal processes with spiracles at the ends of spiracular processes.
Identification Tips
Males usually all black, with distinctive coloration differences between sexes. Wing has clear or tinged areas with specific darkened regions. Notable elongated anal lobe with a characteristic crossvein DM-Cu present in most genera.
Habitat
Damp woodlands, particularly in the northern hemisphere.
Distribution
Primarily found in the northern hemisphere, including much of North America; globally distributed with ~300 species.
Diet
Adults may feed on fungi and take honeydew from leaves. Larvae are fungivores, associated with various types of fungi including stinkhorn mushrooms.
Life Cycle
Adults are seen swarming in late summer through fall, with mating occurring in aerial positions. Larvae develop associated with fungi, and the adults have specific feeding patterns throughout the day.
Reproduction
Males form swarms to attract females; aerial coupling occurs before settling for mating on low bushes.
Ecosystem Role
Play a role in fungus decomposition as larvae feed on fungi; some also facilitate spore spread due to their elongated tarsi.
Collecting Methods
- Sweep netting in woodland areas
- Searching among decaying wood and fungi
Preservation Methods
- Ethanol preservation
- Pinned specimens in insect display cases
Evolution
Family Platypezidae has undergone significant taxonomic revisions with some genera reclassified into unrelated families. They are phylogenetically related under the superfamily Platypezoidea.
Similar Taxa
- Opetiidae
- Atelestidae
Misconceptions
Commonly confused with Opetiidae; both families are known as flat-footed flies but are now considered distinct.
Tags
- Platypezidae
- Diptera
- Fungi
- Woodland
- Swarms